• Hydrophobicity was one of the most important physicochemical properties, due to the fact that it is involved in protein interactions, for example, by forming hydrophobic cores. (hindawi.com)
  • Type I AFP consists of a single, long, amphipathic alpha helix, about 3.3-4.5 kD in size. (wikipedia.org)
  • consists of four steps. (hindawi.com)
  • Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike the widely used automotive antifreeze, ethylene glycol, AFPs do not lower freezing point in proportion to concentration. (wikipedia.org)
  • VH is derived from a single protein domain of 35 residues [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • They may work in conjunction with ice nucleating proteins (INPs) to control the rate of ice propagation following freezing. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this work, we generated and optimized a new synthetic fusion protein using an evolutionary approach. (hindawi.com)
  • They exhibit similar overall hydrophobicity at ice binding surfaces to type I AFPs. (wikipedia.org)
  • In convergent evolution, nonhomologous proteins evolve in separate biological contexts to catalyze the same or similar reactions. (hindawi.com)
  • Given the intimate relationship between a protein's structure and function, a way to design proteins with targeted properties is to start from a desired structure and find sequences able to fold into it, imposing additional constraints in the process [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • First, we present the most complete reconstruction to date of the antifreeze glycoprotein gene family, whose emergence enabled survival in sub-zero temperatures, showing the expansion of the antifreeze gene locus from the ancestral to the derived state. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. (wikipedia.org)
  • These proteins allow fish to survive at temperatures below freezing by preventing the formation of ice crystals [13] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • It has been suggested that lateral gene transfer could be attributed to this discrepancy, such that the smelt acquired the type II AFP gene from the herring. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type III AFPs likely evolved from a sialic acid synthase (SAS) gene present in Antarctic eelpout. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, phylogenetically related antifreeze proteins in fish are scattered across disparate fish taxa, indicating a role for lateral gene transfer [13] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Protein interactions with the microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing protein Argonaute 2 (AGO2) control miRNA expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • They may work in conjunction with ice nucleating proteins (INPs) to control the rate of ice propagation following freezing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antifreeze glycoproteins or AFGPs are found in Antarctic notothenioids and northern cod. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type I AFP is found in winter flounder, longhorn sculpin and shorthorn sculpin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type I-hyp AFP (where hyp stands for hyperactive) are found in several righteye flounders. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type III AFPs are found in Antarctic eelpout. (wikipedia.org)