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ArrhythmiasTachycardiaNode conductionCongestive heart fTissueReentryAntegrade conduction viaImpulsesAtriaSlow conductionSlows conductionRetrograde conductionArrhythmiaHypotensionVerapamilPathwaysDiltiazemDepolarizationElectrophysiologyAction potentialsReentrantVentriclesPurkinjeRefractory periodPathwayDigoxinSinoatrial nodeBlockersBradycardiaArterySystemAbnormalityAbnormalitiesElectrical impulseRateDisordersMyocytePacemaker of the heartRapidDecrease
Arrhythmias9
  • citation needed] LGL syndrome is diagnosed in a person who has experienced episodes of abnormal heart racing (arrhythmias) who has a PR interval less than or equal to 0.12 second (120 ms) with normal QRS complex configuration and duration on their resting ECG. (wikipedia.org)
  • For patient education information, see the Heart Health Center , as well as Atrial Flutter , Arrhythmias (Heart Rhythm Disorders) , Stroke , Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT, PSVT) , and Palpitations . (medscape.com)
  • Increased sympathetic tone also increases phase 4 depolarization (heart rate goes up), and increases DAD (delayed afterdepolarizations) and EAD (early afterdepolarization) mediated arrhythmias. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • β-adrenergic receptor blockers increase AV conduction time and increase AV nodal refractoriness, thereby helping to terminate nodal reentrant arrhythmias. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Increase in AV nodal refractoriness, thereby helping to terminate nodal reentrant arrhythmias. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Overview of Arrhythmias The normal heart beats in a regular, coordinated way because electrical impulses generated and spread by myocytes with unique electrical properties trigger a sequence of organized myocardial. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Particularly in disease states, such as postinfarction myocardium, anisotropic conduction and spatial inhomogeneity of refractoriness may be implicated in the genesis of re-entrant, or even focal, arrhythmias. (radcliffe-group-non-prod.com)
  • Unravelling the mysteries of anisotropic conduction may also provide further insights into arrhythmias apparently unrelated to structural heart disease, such as atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia and its enigmatic circuit. (radcliffe-group-non-prod.com)
  • Arrhythmias are caused by problems with the heart's electrical conduction system. (medlineplus.gov)
Tachycardia17
  • The only morbidity associated with the syndrome is the occurrence of paroxysmal episodes of tachycardia which may be of several types, including sinus tachycardia, atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, or atrial flutter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia, which is caused by a dual AV node physiology and AVNRT can only occur in people with it, however almost half of the population have it, though only a few of them will develop AVNRT at some point in life. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tachycardia means that an adult's heart rate is over 100 beats per minute (bpm) . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In sinus tachycardia, the heart rate increases but continues to beat properly in the normal rhythm. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Sinus tachycardia occurs when the heart rate increases due to expected reasons, such as during exercise, if a person is feeling anxious, or during periods of dehydration. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, which is rare, occurs when the heart rate increases for no apparent reason. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It is rare that supraventricular tachycardia results in sudden death, but this can happen if the heart rate gets too fast. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • F. The most common form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is AV nodal reentry due to dual pathways of excitation in the region of the AV node (see Figure 1). (rjmatthewsmd.com)
  • Typical ECG findings with SVT include narrow-complex tachycardia, electrical alternans, evidence of atrial activation (P', F, or f waves), and response to treatments that slow down AV conduction. (vin.com)
  • Zellner JL, Spinale FG, Eble DM, Hewett KW, Crawford FA Jr.. Alterations in myocyte shape and basement attachment with tachycardia-induced heart failure. (wikidoc.org)
  • Clinical pharmacology studies have demonstrated the beta-blocking activity of metoprolol, as shown by (1) reduction in heart rate and cardiac output at rest and upon exercise, (2) reduction of systolic blood pressure upon exercise, (3) inhibition of isoproterenol-induced tachycardia, and (4) reduction of reflex orthostatic tachycardia. (pillsync.com)
  • Trials of β -blocker therapy in patients with heart failure are based on the hypothesis that excessive tachycardia and adverse effects of high catecholamine levels on the heart contribute to the down-ward course of heart failure. (brainkart.com)
  • A stable narrow complex tachycardia typically results from orthodromic AVRT with antegrade conduction via the AVN followed by retrograde conduction along the AP. (ccasociety.org)
  • A stable wide-complex tachycardia results from antidromic AVRT with antegrade conduction over the accessory pathway and onto the ventricles followed by retrograde conduction back to the atria via the AVN. (ccasociety.org)
  • Wide complex tachycardia may also result from orthodromic AVRT with aberrant QRS conduction resulting in a wide QRS complex. (ccasociety.org)
  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) can be very dangerous in the setting of WPW, as conduction of atrial impulses at rates of up to 500 beats per minute can result in ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. (ccasociety.org)
  • The heart can beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. (medlineplus.gov)
Node conduction1
  • The proposed method enables analysis of circadian variation in AV node conduction delay and refractoriness from 24h ambulatory ECG, which can be used to monitor and possibly predict the effect of rate control drugs. (lu.se)
Congestive heart f6
Tissue8
  • [3] There is a skeleton of fibrous tissue that surrounds the conduction system which can be seen on an ECG . (wikipedia.org)
  • These gap junctions can close to isolate damaged or dying tissue, as in a myocardial infarction (heart attack). (wikipedia.org)
  • The conducting system of the heart consists of cardiac muscle cells and conducting fibers (not nervous tissue) that are specialized for initiating impulses and conducting them rapidly through the heart (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Adenosine is an extremely short-acting antiarrhythmic drug that slows cardiac nodal tissue. (pixorize.com)
  • [ 1 ] The impulse is then conducted through the atrium to the atrioventricular junction from where, after a delay, the electrical signal is propagated to the ventricles along bundles of specialized conduction tissue to the distal Purkinje fibers, which ramify among the contractile myocardium. (medscape.com)
  • We will begin by considering ventricular myocyte action potentials, then move on to consider the special case of nodal tissue. (yousmle.com)
  • At the base of the wall separating the two atria is another patch of nodal tissue called the atrioventricular node (AV). (web.id)
  • 2 Anisotropic conduction was initially attributed to conduction tissue, such as the atrioventricular (AV) node, but we know now that in cardiac tissue, in general, conduction velocity is anisotropic. (radcliffe-group-non-prod.com)
Reentry2
Antegrade conduction via1
Impulses3
  • Heart block refers to a delay in the normal flow of electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • Would ectopic foci affect firing of the SA node and ultimately conduction of impulses through the purkinje fibers and ventricles. (drbeen.com)
  • In this setting, AV nodal blocking drugs such as adenosine, verapamil, digoxin and esmolol are contraindicated as their use will divert atrial impulses to the AP. (ccasociety.org)
Atria5
  • LGL syndrome was originally thought to be due to an abnormal electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles, but is now thought to be due to accelerated conduction through the atrioventricular node in the majority of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • A wave of excitation spreads out from the sinoatrial node through the atria along specialized conduction channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atrioventricular conduction disease (AV block) describes impairment of the electrical continuity between the atria and ventricles. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 2 ] Investigations into WPW have revealed that an accessory pathway for conduction, called a bundle of Kent, from the atria to the ventricles underlies the preexcitation observed in patients with WPW. (medscape.com)
  • It results from the presence of one or more accessory pathways (AP) of conduction between the atria and the ventricles. (ccasociety.org)
Slow conduction2
  • AV conduction during normal cardiac rhythm occurs through two different pathways: the first "pathway" has a slow conduction velocity but shorter refractory period the second "pathway" has a faster conduction velocity but longer refractory period. (wikipedia.org)
  • G. There is a slow conduction pathway as well as a fast one. (rjmatthewsmd.com)
Slows conduction1
  • In the case of antidromic AVRT, the best option is procainamide, which is classified as a sodium-channel blocker that slows conduction in both the AVN and the AP. (ccasociety.org)
Retrograde conduction1
Arrhythmia9
  • The word supraventricular means that the arrhythmia originates from the top chamber of the heart. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Consequently, any heart rhythm that does not originate from the sinus node at a normal rate and at regular interval is classified as an arrhythmia. (vin.com)
  • In contrast, automatic SVT is characterized by "warm-up" (relatively slowly rising heart rate over a time period of several heart beats) and 'cool down' phenomena (gradual decrease of heart rate at termination of the arrhythmia). (vin.com)
  • Based on the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial study results, flecainide is not recommended in patients with structural heart disease due to high proarrhythmic risk. (wjgnet.com)
  • Based on the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial study results, flecainide is contraindicated for patients with structural heart disease due to high proarrhythmic risk. (wjgnet.com)
  • Christopher F. Liu, MD, FACC, FHRS is Director of Complex Arrhythmia Ablation and Structural Heart Electrophysiology, and Assistant Director of the Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, at New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical Center. (weillcornell.org)
  • An arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate (pulse) or heart rhythm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An arrhythmia can be harmless, a sign of other heart problems, or an immediate danger to your health. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sometimes, better treatment for your angina or heart failure will lower your chance of having an arrhythmia. (medlineplus.gov)
Hypotension1
Verapamil6
  • Publication types Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U. Bij angina pectoris (hartkramp), hartritmestoornissen en bij hoge bloeddruk Class 4 antiarrhythmics include the drugs verapamil and diltiazem, and these drugs function primarily by blocking Calcium channels at the heart. (seagullindia.com)
  • Diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine suppress sinoatrial (SA) nodal function in the excised rabbit heart. (seagullindia.com)
  • Describe how the calcium channel blockers (verapamil/diltiazem) slows AV conduction. (seagullindia.com)
  • In de tabel worden de eigenschappen van diltiazem, verapamil en nifedipine vergeleken. (seagullindia.com)
  • 1) hartritmestoornissen (calciumblokkers met de stofnamen verapamil en diltiazem) fenomeen van Raynaud om verkrampte vaten in de huid te verwijden Effecten calciumblokkers Calcium is nodig om spieren te laten samentrekken. (seagullindia.com)
  • Contractiliteit Bij een normale linkerventrikelfunctie wordt, net zoals het geval is met nifedipine en verapamil, geen buy renova cream uk verlies van functie waargenomen Class 4 antiarrhythmics include the drugs verapamil and diltiazem, and these drugs function primarily by blocking Calcium channels at the heart. (seagullindia.com)
Pathways1
Diltiazem1
  • Smeer het 's ochtends en 's avonds op de anusscheurtjes en op de huid rond de anus In terms of benzothiazepines, 2 studies combined diltiazem with nifedipine, 1 with nitrendipine, and 1 with felodipine. (seagullindia.com)
Depolarization2
  • Contraction of heart muscle cells requires depolarization and repolarization of their cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notice that there is a 3:1 AV conduction block except at 1 point (asterisk), at which there is a depolarization indicative of a beat conducted after a 2:1 AV conduction block. (avma.org)
Electrophysiology1
Action potentials2
  • The heart achieves the coordinated contraction of the atrial and ventricular chambers due to the precise timing of the cardiac conduction system (CCS), a specialized complex and heterogeneous network of cells that initiate and allow propagation of action potentials through the heart. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to nonpacemaker cells, SA and AV nodal cells predominantly use calcium channels for the initial upstroke in phase 0 (Fig. 1) and lack sodium ion channels for the rapid initial upstroke in phase 1 of their action potentials. (medscape.com)
Reentrant1
  • Slowing down of conduction at the AV node can disrupt the timing of reentrant circuits, restoring patients to normal heart (sinus) rhythms. (pixorize.com)
Ventricles2
  • This property is important because loss of the conduction system before the AV node should still result in pacing of the ventricles by the slower pacemaking ability of the AV node. (wikipedia.org)
  • preexcitation indicates an additional excitatory spread in the ventricles of the heart, coupled to auricular excitation. (rjmatthewsmd.com)
Purkinje2
  • Whilst in a minority of cases some form of intranodal or paranodal fibers that bypass all or part of the atrioventricular node can be found with subsequent conduction down the normal His-Purkinje system, in most cases the short PR interval is caused by accelerated conduction through the atrioventricular node. (wikipedia.org)
  • The QRS complex is often normal but can also be narrow in LGL syndrome, as opposed to WPW, because ventricular conduction is via the His-Purkinje system. (wikipedia.org)
Refractory period1
  • We have created a mathematical network model of the AV node where continuous estimation of the refractory period and conduction delay from 24-hour ambulatory ECGs from patients with permanent AF (n=59) was achieved using a problem-specific genetic algorithm. (lu.se)
Pathway3
  • When there is a disturbance in the normal conduction through the fast pathway, the slow pathway may be activated to conduct the excitation wave to the bundle of His, as well as retrograde back to the fast one, and then back again down the slow pathway continuously to produce the PSVT (see Figure 1). (rjmatthewsmd.com)
  • For example, the administration of neostigmine which causes slowing of the heart rate due to decreased atrioventricular nodal conduction can divert conduction to the accessory pathway. (ccasociety.org)
  • The signal leaves the SA node and travels through the heart along a set electrical pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
Digoxin1
Sinoatrial node4
Blockers5
  • The heart rate during atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly dependent on the conduction properties of the atrioventricular (AV) node, which can be affected using β-blockers or calcium channel blockers, often chosen empirically. (lu.se)
  • For the β-blockers, an additional decrease in circadian variation for parameters representing conduction delay was observed. (lu.se)
  • Beta-blockers slow an individual's heart rate, decrease myocardial contractility, and lower blood pressure, thus lessening the heart's overall workload and decreasing its demand for oxygen. (cms.gov)
  • What would be the effects of calcium channel blockers on heart rate? (yousmle.com)
  • Additive negative effects on SA or AV nodal conduction w/ cardiac glycosides, nondihydropyridine Ca channel blockers. (medicscientist.com)
Bradycardia2
  • Bij angina pectoris (hartkramp), hartritmestoornissen en bij hoge bloeddruk Side effects of these drugs include constipation, bradycardia, and hyperprolactinemia. (seagullindia.com)
  • Hypertension and Angina: Metoprolol is contraindicated in sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, and overt cardiac failure. (medicscientist.com)
Artery5
  • The origin of this artery is most commonly (80-90% of hearts) a branch of the right coronary artery, with the remainder originating from the left circumflex artery. (wikipedia.org)
  • The artery supplying the sinus node branches from the right coronary artery in 55-60% of hearts or the left circumflex artery in 40-45% of hearts. (medscape.com)
  • This is opposed to coronary artery disease, which is disease of the blood vessels of the heart. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • While coronary artery disease can cause angina (chest pain) or myocardial infarction (heart attack), heart block can cause lightheadedness, syncope (passing out), and palpitations. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • A valve located at the two exits of the heart, where the aorta leaves the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle. (web.id)
System28
  • it is part of the electrical conduction system of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cardiac conduction system (and AV node part of it) coordinates myocyte mechanical activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The conduction system consists of specialized heart muscle cells , situated within the myocardium . (wikipedia.org)
  • Dysfunction of the conduction system can cause irregular heart rhythms including rhythms that are too fast or too slow . (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryologic evidence of generation of the cardiac conduction system illuminates the respective roles of this specialized set of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The myocardial conducting cells (1 percent of the cells) form the conduction system of the heart. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Conduction system pacing in pediatric and congenital heart disease. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Conduction system pacing (CSP) has evolved rapidly to become the pacing method of choice for many adults with structurally normal hearts. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Studies in this population have repeatedly demonstrated superior hemodynamics and outcomes compared to conventional pacing with the recruitment of the native conduction system. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • The conducting system provides the heart its automatic rhythmic beat. (medscape.com)
  • Schematic illustration of the cardiac conduction system. (medscape.com)
  • See also Heart Anatomy, Aortic Valve Anatomy, Mitral Valve Anatomy, Pulmonic Valve Anatomy, Tricuspid Valve Anatomy, Anatomy of the Nerves of the Heart, and Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System. (medscape.com)
  • The cardiac conduction system can be anatomically, developmentally, and molecularly distinguished from the working myocardium. (medscape.com)
  • Abnormalities in cardiac conduction can occur due to a variety of factors, including developmental and congenital defects, acquired injury or ischemia of portions of the conduction system, or less commonly due to inherited diseases that alter cardiac conduction system function. (medscape.com)
  • So called 'idiopathic' conduction system degeneration may have familial clustering, and therefore is consistent with a hereditary basis. (medscape.com)
  • This 'Molecular Perspectives' will highlight several diverse mechanisms of isolated conduction system disease as well as conduction system degeneration associated with other cardiac and non-cardiac disorders. (medscape.com)
  • The first part of this review focuses on channelopathies associated with conduction system disease. (medscape.com)
  • Human genetic studies have identified mutations in the sodium channel SCN5A gene causing tachyarrhythmia disorders, as well as progressive cardiac conduction system diseases, or overlapping syndromes. (medscape.com)
  • Next, the importance of embryonic developmental genes such as homeobox and T-box transcription factors are highlighted in conduction system development and function. (medscape.com)
  • Conduction system diseases associated with multisystem disorders, such as muscular and myotonic dystrophies, will be described. (medscape.com)
  • Last, a new glycogen storage cardiomyopathy associated with ventricular preexcitation and progressive conduction system degeneration will be reviewed. (medscape.com)
  • Inherited conduction system diseases can be life threatening and, although relatively uncommon overall, are known cause of mortality and morbidity in selected populations. (medscape.com)
  • Knowledge derived from human genetics and from experimental studies in engineered animal models has led to the discovery of multiple molecular defects responsible for progressive conduction system diseases. (medscape.com)
  • A heart block denotes a disease in the electrical system of the heart. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • A heart block can be a blockage at any level of the electrical conduction system of the heart. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • This is because if an individual had complete block at this level of the conduction system (which is uncommon), the secondary pacemaker of the heart would be at the AV node, which would fire at 40 to 60 beats a minute, which is enough to retain consciousness in the resting state. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • Infrahisian block describes block of the distal conduction system. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • To help this happen, your heart has an electrical system that makes sure it contracts (squeezes) in an orderly way. (medlineplus.gov)
Abnormality1
Abnormalities3
  • Abnormalities seen in BMP and Alk3 are associated with some cardiovascular diseases like Ebstein's anomaly and AV conduction disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conduction abnormalities may result in delayed conduction or block, but may also contribute to the formation of ectopy (premature or ectopic depolarizations). (vin.com)
  • Understanding of the molecular and ionic mechanisms underlying cardiac conduction is essential for the appreciation of the pathogenesis of conduction abnormalities in structurally normal and altered hearts. (medscape.com)
Electrical impulse2
  • Mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis primarily include disorders of cardiac electrical impulse formation and electrical impulse conduction. (vin.com)
  • Myocardial conduction cells initiate and propagate the action potential (the electrical impulse) that travels throughout the heart and triggers the contractions that propel the blood. (lumenlearning.com)
Rate21
  • Why is my heart rate jumping up and down? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In adults, a typical resting heart rate is 60-100 beats per minute, but structural or electrical disorders of the heart can cause it to rise or fall. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Medications, a lack of sleep, and stress may also affect heart rate. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A person's heart rate may be lower when they are sleeping or higher during exercise. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, some people have an irregular heart rhythm that causes their heart rate to jump between high and low. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Nonetheless, if a person suspects anomalies in the rhythm of their heart rate, they should contact a doctor for a diagnosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This article will examine several possible causes of a heart rate that is jumping up and down, beginning with some structural and electrical disorders of the heart. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Learn about what a person's heart rate should be here. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This disruption affects the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat, and, as a result, the heart may not pump the amount of blood necessary for the body to function. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The term enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction (EAVNC) refers to a set of functional criteria that includes an AH interval less than or equal to 60 ms, 1-to-1 AV nodal conduction at rates as high as 200 beats per minute, and an abnormally small increase in AH interval as atrial pacing rate is increased. (medscape.com)
  • Because the AV node cannot conduct at the same rate as the atrial activity, some form of conduction block is often seen, typically 2:1 (most common), 3:1, or 4:1. (medscape.com)
  • the ventricular rate may be less when AV conduction is incomplete. (rjmatthewsmd.com)
  • Even though cardiac muscle has autorhythmicity, heart rate is modulated by the endocrine and nervous systems. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The rate and duration of the elevation in heart rate necessary to cause a cardiomyopathy is unclear and is likely dependent on a number of other factors. (wikidoc.org)
  • Holter monitoring can be useful to gauge the patients heart rate throughout 24 hours as the heart rate may vary tremendously with exercise and rest. (wikidoc.org)
  • heart rate is 51 beats/min. (avma.org)
  • What would be the overall effect of ACh on heart rate and conduction via the AV node? (yousmle.com)
  • The American Heart Association's Standards and Guidelines recommends a bolus dose of 1 mg/kg, and an infusion rate of between 20-50 mcg/kg/min for prolonged therapy. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • this usually consists of a slight rise in ejection fraction, slower heart rate, and reduction in symptoms. (brainkart.com)
  • On the other hand, slowing of heart rate with ivabradine (an I f blocker) appears to be of benefit. (brainkart.com)
  • The blood pressure and heart rate are stable. (ccasociety.org)
Disorders1
  • Conduction disorders, specifically heart block , can cause a disruption to the electrical signals that enable the heart to pump blood to the body and the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Myocyte2
  • 1 Nevertheless, changes in microanatomical structures, such as cellular coupling, gap junction distribution and function and fibre disarray, lead to anisotropic conduction, i.e. dependence of myocardial velocity on myocyte orientation. (radcliffe-group-non-prod.com)
  • These tools have the potential to contribute to the understanding of the role of myocyte disarray and anisotropic conduction in arrhythmic states. (radcliffe-group-non-prod.com)
Pacemaker of the heart1
  • The pacemaker of the heart, located in the wall of the right atrium. (web.id)
Rapid1
Decrease1
  • Work by blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels this drug help decrease conduction through the AV node. (seagullindia.com)