Nk cell receptors. Medical search. Frequent questions

These cells harbor a mature NK cell phenotype but are hyporesponsive to various stimuli, including MHC class I-deficient target cells. (nih.gov)
These NK cell receptors are also expressed by certain memory phenotype CD8(+) T cells, and in some cases are up-regulated in T cells responding to viral infection. (duke.edu)
Although IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7 have been reported to influence NK cell differentiation, we find that mice deficient in any or all of these cytokines have normal NK cell numbers, phenotype, and effector functions. (pasteur.fr)
Fig. 2: Impact of antigen-induced self-engagement on CAR-NK effector cell phenotype and function. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Impact of TROG-antigen acquisition on CAR-NK cell phenotype and function in vivo. (nature.com)
Infiltration and phenotype of NK cells in the tumor was evaluated. (bmj.com)
Based on these data and the known activated phenotype of CD28- T cells, we propose that the CD28- CD8+ T cell pool represents or contains the currently active CTL population, and that the frequent expression of NK receptors reflects regulatory mechanisms modulating the extent of CTL effector function. (ox.ac.uk)
In this study, we show that segregation of the NK-mediated killing phenotype did not correlate with the NOD Raet1 haplotype and that the large alterations in NKG2D expression previously reported on NK cells expanded in vitro were not observed in primary, poly(I:C)-elicited NK cells in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
Human NK cells can be divided into CD56dimCD16 killer Ig-like receptors (KIR)/ and CD56brightCD16 KIR subsets that have been characterized extensively regarding their different functions, phenotype, and tissue localization. (unime.it)

We show here that NK cells lacking inhibitory KIR for self MHC class I molecules are present in human peripheral blood. (nih.gov)
PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
The present results show that peripheral blood NK cell chemokine receptor profile changes in a coordinated fashion during NK cell differentiation and is further influenced by the expression of self-specific KIR. (confex.com)
They constitute only approximately 1% of all peripheral blood T cells. (wikipedia.org)
It was previously shown that K562-mb15-41BBL (K562D2) cells, which express IL-15 and 4-1BBL on the K562 cell surface, were able to expand and activate human primary NK cells of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (fda.gov)
We report that, upon cytokine activation, peripheral blood (PB)-CD56bright NK cells mainly gain the signature of CD56dim NK cells. (unime.it)
This is a prospective, multi-center, Phase II study of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD) for peripheral blood stem cell transplant in adults and bone marrow stem cell transplant in children. (uchicagomedicine.org)

Natural killer T cells can share other features with NK cells, as well, such as CD16 and CD56 expression and granzyme production. (wikipedia.org)
Along this line, although human NK cells collected from nonreactive LN display almost no KIR and CD16 expression, NK cells derived from highly reactive LN, efferent lymph, and PB express significant amounts of KIR and CD16, implying that CD56bright NK cells could acquire these molecules in the LN during inflammation and then circulate through the efferent lymph into PB as KIRCD16 NK cells. (unime.it)
Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
We also found that viable NK reg cells may be isolated by sorting on CD56 + and CD16 - NK cells, and this population can suppress allogeneic CD4 + T cells, but not T reg cells or CD8+ T cells through a non-cytolytic, cell-cell contact dependent mechanism. (haematologica.org)
Moreover, this is the first paper to clearly establish that a CD56 bright CD3 - CD16 - perforin- NK reg population associates with a lack of cGvHD and has several unique characteristics, including the suppression of helper T-cell function in vitro. (haematologica.org)
While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
Natural Killer (NK) cell deficiency associated with an epitope-deficient Fc receptor type IIIA (CD16-II). (lu.se)
Identification of an unusual Fc gamma receptor IIIa (CD16) on natural killer cells in a patient with recurrent infections. (lu.se)

Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)

Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
Fig. 4: A lower level of CAR-mediated TROG-antigen expression was associated with improved clinical response to CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy. (nature.com)
This emerging cell-based immunotherapy is highly-specific to the cells responsible for Alzheimer's, avoids drug resistance, has long-lasting results, and has fewer side effects than drug counterparts," Lakhan said. (medscape.com)

Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)

CONCLUSIONS: Co-culture of PBMC with K562D2 stimulatory cells is an efficient technique to prepare large quantities of pure and active NK cells, and these expanded NK cells inhibited WNV infection of Vero cells through both cytolytic and noncytolytic activities, which may imply a potential role of NK cells in combating WNV infection. (fda.gov)
Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)

In particular, NB cells upregulated the expression of CXCR4 and CXCR3 in all NK cells and downregulated CX(3)CR1 in the CD56(dim) subset. (unicatt.it)
In large patient populations, we have shown a CD56 bright natural killer (NK) population to strongly associate with a lack of cGvHD and we hypothesize that these cells function to suppress cGvHD. (haematologica.org)
Transcriptome analysis of a small patient cohort of CD56 bright compared to CD56 dim NK cells found the NK reg cells to also overexpress Granzyme K, IL-7R, GPR183, RANK, GM-CSFR, TCF7, and IL23A. (haematologica.org)
Various immune-suppressive cell populations appear to associate with suppression of cGvHD, including T reg cells, B reg cells, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD56 bright natural killer (NK) cells. (haematologica.org)
The percentage of CD56(bright) cells was significantly higher than the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)
The frequency of CD3+CD56- T cells was significantly lower in both the chronic and resolved groups compared to the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)
The elimination or persistence (NKRs) and mediate functions of both cells and CD56+NT cells was charac- of the infection depends on a balance T cells and NK cells [13]. (who.int)

One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)

In this report, we have analyzed the roles for gamma(c)-dependent cytokines in the generation of bone marrow NKP and in their subsequent differentiation to mature NK cells in vivo. (pasteur.fr)
Fig. 6: AI-CAR-expressing NK cells showed superior in vivo antitumor activity. (nature.com)
Finally, the analysis of NK cells from patients with stage 4 NB suggests that NB conditioning could exert in vivo an immune modulatory effect resembling that emerged from in vitro experiments. (unicatt.it)
Preliminary results indicate that some tumor antigen-specific T cells may indeed be CD28- and express NK receptors in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
NK cells from NOD mice induced with poly(I:C) in vivo exhibit low cytotoxicity against a range of target cells, but the genetic mechanisms controlling this defect are yet to be elucidated. (ox.ac.uk)

We found that the chemokine-induced migration capability of NK cells correlated closely with the expression level of corresponding chemokine receptor, leading to subset specific responses to various chemokine gradients (D). (confex.com)
The effector capability of NK cells has been described in a wide range of viral infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, and human cytomegalovirus infection ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)

The human NK cell repertoire is functionally diversified through a tightly regulated differentiation process characterized by an early transition from CD56bright to CD56dim NK cells, followed by coordinated changes in expression of inhibitory receptors, including NKG2A and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). (confex.com)
It is a human NK cell associated antigen. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)

Finally, we targeted CISH in human NK-92 or primary NK cells, using a technology combining the CRISPR(i)-dCas9 tool with a new lentiviral pseudotype. (bmj.com)
Finally, using CRISPRi, we then targeted CISH in human NK-92 or primary NK cells. (bmj.com)

Characterization of human NK cells using the NK cell inhibitory receptor panel. (bdbiosciences.com)

Classical " CARs consist of an extracellular binding domain mostly derived from a monoclonal antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment-scFv), which is linked to intracellular binding domains of the T-cell receptor complex. (nature.com)
The expanded NK (D2NK) cell has strong natural killing activity against both K562 and Vero cells, and killed the WNV infected Vero cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (fda.gov)
Anti-IFN-gamma neutralizing antibody blocked the NK supernatant-mediated anti-WNV effect, demonstrating a noncytolytic activity mediated through IFN-gamma. (fda.gov)
Historically, NK cells have been considered part of the innate immune system, recognizing and eliminating virus-infected or tumor cells either directly by release of cytotoxic granules or indirectly by cytokine release and facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nih.gov)
BALB/c splenocytes were stained with FITC Rat Anti-Mouse CD49b/Pan-NK Cells antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Antibody production is severely impaired even when mature B cells are present, because of the lack of T-cell help. (medscape.com)

In humans, this "missing self" recognition is ensured by inhibitory receptors such as KIR, which dampen NK cell activation upon interaction with their MHC class I ligands. (nih.gov)
For example, in multiple myeloma, CXCR3 and CCR5 ligands (MIG, IP-10, and MIP-1a) are significantly upregulated in the bone marrow compared to healthy controls, affecting the composition of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. (confex.com)
Defects in the expression of NKG2D and its ligands, the RAE-1 molecules, have been hypothesized to contribute to the reduced NK function present in NOD mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Ly6C high MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)

While iNKT cells are not very numerous, their unique properties makes them an important regulatory cell that can influence how the immune system develops. (wikipedia.org)
A decrease of regulatory T cells and alt. (istanbul.edu.tr)
of potent competitive regulatory pathways between NK and Compact disc8 T cells in response to systemic activation. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
We aimed to isolate and define the characteristics of regulatory NK (NK reg ) cells associated with suppression of cGvHD. (haematologica.org)

In order to delineate the homing patterns of distinct NK cell subsets, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry combined with functional assays to map the NK cell chemokine receptor expression and migratory behavior. (confex.com)
To determine whether the observed differences in chemokine receptor expression translate into altered chemokine responsiveness between the subsets, we combined the transwell system with multicolor flow cytometry. (confex.com)
Currently, there are five major distinct iNKT cell subsets. (wikipedia.org)
The subtypes iNKT1, iNKT2 and iNKT17 mirror Th Cell subsets in cytokine production. (wikipedia.org)
bone marrow cells, and the recovery of these lymphocyte subsets was observed when IRF-1? (tam-receptor.com)
In addition to the standard lymphocyte 86672-58-4 supplier subsets, other lineages have already been defined as NK1.1+TCR-/+ (NK1+T) cells, NK cells, and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). (tam-receptor.com)
Notably, the IL-2R/15R string is necessary for the 86672-58-4 supplier introduction of NK1+T cells, NK cells, and Compact disc8-/+ intestinal IELs (9, 10), and IL-15 preferentially promotes the proliferation of the lymphocyte subsets (10C12). (tam-receptor.com)
Nonetheless, the developmental relationship between these two NK cell subsets remains controversial. (unime.it)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)

It has been reported that ligation of human CD244 results in enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. (biolegend.com)

Global gene expression of Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells compared with Cish +/+ Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells revealed upregulation of pathways and genes associated with NK cell cycling and activation. (bmj.com)
We show that CISH does not only regulate interleukin-15 (IL-15) signaling pathways but also natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) pathways, triggering CISH protein expression. (bmj.com)
Both NK1+T cells and Compact disc8-/+ intestinal IELs can form through either extrathymic or choice thymic pathways (1, 2, 8). (tam-receptor.com)
Ly6C high MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6C low MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
Ly6C low MC manifested activated T-cell signaling pathways and potentially can adapt the function of lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
KLRC3 has also been shown to have interactions with KLRD1, TYROBP, HLA-A, and HLA-C in pathways such as the antigen processing and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity pathways. (novusbio.com)

Direct recognition of Fusobacterium nucleatum by the NK cell natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 aggravates periodontal disease. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we investigate the role played by the NK killer receptor NKp46 (NCR1 in mice ), in the pathogenesis of periodontitis . (bvsalud.org)
NKp46 (CD335, NCR1, ) is a cytotoxicity-activating receptor that may contribute to the increased efficiency of activated natural killer (NK) cells to mediate tumor cell lysis. (thermofisher.com)
NKp46 consists of two Ig-like domains assembled to leukocyte immunoglobulin-like (LIR) and killer inhibitory receptors (KIR). (thermofisher.com)
Suppression was not reliant upon the NKp44, NKp46, or GPR183 receptors. (haematologica.org)

NK cells differentiate in adult mice from bone marrow hemopoietic progenitors. (pasteur.fr)
Normal numbers of NKPs are found in gamma(c)-deficient mice, suggesting that NK cell commitment is not dependent on IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, or IL-21. (pasteur.fr)
Results In Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ mice, we detected no developmental or homeostatic difference in NK cells. (bmj.com)
Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells display lower activation thresholds and Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ mice are more resistant to tumor metastasis and to primary breast cancer growth. (bmj.com)
The term "NK T cells" was first used in mice to define a subset of T cells that expressed the natural killer (NK) cell-associated marker NK1.1 (CD161). (wikipedia.org)
It is now generally accepted that the term "NKT cells" refers to CD1d-restricted T cells, present in mice and humans, some of which coexpress a heavily biased, semi-invariant T-cell receptor and NK cell markers. (wikipedia.org)
These cells are conserved between humans and mice. (wikipedia.org)
In comparison to mice, humans have fewer iNKT cells and have a wide variation in the amount of circulating iNKT cells. (wikipedia.org)
The NK1+T was examined by us cell subset in mice deficient for IRF-1? (tam-receptor.com)
mice was not just due 86672-58-4 supplier to the loss of NK1.1 molecules from your cell surface (data not demonstrated). (tam-receptor.com)
mice clearly shown a reduction of NK cells (TCR-?NK1.1+) in IRF-1? (tam-receptor.com)
NKG2D-RAE-1 receptor-ligand variation does not account for the NK cell defect in nonobese diabetic mice. (ox.ac.uk)
NKs possess surface molecules that identify CMV-infected cells, such as the receptor Ly49H in mice. (tum.de)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that share properties of both T cells and natural killer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Natural killer T cells should neither be confused with natural killer cells nor killer T cells (cytotoxic T cells). (wikipedia.org)
Anti-West Nile virus activity of in vitro expanded human primary natural killer cells. (fda.gov)
In humans, NK receptors are expressed by natural killer cells and some T cells, the latter of which are preferentially alphabetaTCR+ CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). (ox.ac.uk)
Some EBOV infections generate a cytokine storm, which hinders peripheral natural killer cells (NK) and T and B lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system. (tum.de)
The graphic shows the distribution of the Ly49H-receptor on the surface of different natural killer cells (NK). (tum.de)
Together with T cells, natural killer cells (NKs) effectively keep the virus in check, although it can cause serious illnesses in people with a weakened immune system. (tum.de)
When we give these enhanced natural killer cells intravenously, not only do they get into the brain, but we've shown, through CSF biomarker data, that they reduce both amyloid and tau proteins, dramatically reducing the neuroinflammation," Paul Song, MD, chief executive officer of NKGen Biotech, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)

NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
They engage in cross talk with other immune cells, like dendritic cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the professional producers of IFN-I in response to many viruses, including all of the herpesviruses tested. (mdpi.com)
Conversely, the innate immune system, including epithelial barriers, the complement system, phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells, provides a much more rapid and less specific response to infection. (nih.gov)
NK cells can modulate the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses by interacting with, editing or killing dendritic cells or B and T cells, thereby bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
CR2 binds C3dg, and C3d is present on B cells and dendritic cells (see the Table 1). (medscape.com)

Interestingly, CCR1 and CXCR6 were expressed mainly on less differentiated NKG2A+ CD56dim NK cells (B). Next, we stratified the chemokine receptor expression on mature KIR+ NK cells based on the expression of self (educated) or non-self KIR (uneducated). (confex.com)
Conversely, CXCR3 was expressed at lower levels on educated NK cells (C). No difference was observed for CXCR2 expression. (confex.com)
Interestingly, receptors which expression declines during NK cell differentiation (CCR5, CCR7, and CXCR3) are commonly associated with adaptive T cell responses to viruses, whereas receptors that are upregulated along the differentiation axis (CXCR1, CXCR2, CX3CR1, CMKLR1) are typical for neutrophils and macrophages as a part of the innate immune response. (confex.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: Viral and bacterial infections induce expression of multiple NK cell receptors in responding CD8(+) T cells. (duke.edu)
To determine how the profile of NK receptor expression changes in murine CD8(+) T cells as they respond to intracellular pathogens, we used class I tetramer reagents to directly examine Ag-specific T cells during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Listeria monocytogenes infections. (duke.edu)
The expression of CD94/NKG2A was rapidly initiated in naive CD8(+) T cells responding to peptide Ags in vitro and on many of the naive T cells that proliferate when transferred into lymphopenic (Rag-1(-/-)) hosts. (duke.edu)
Thus, CD94/NKG2A expression is a common consequence of CD8(+) T cell activation. (duke.edu)
However, expression of CD94 and NKG2A transgenes partially inhibited early events of T cell activation. (duke.edu)
CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
Fig. 5: Expression of an iCAR by NK cells reduced fratricide and exhaustion induced by aCAR. (nature.com)
NK cells cytokine expression, signaling and cytotoxicity has been evaluated in vitro. (bmj.com)
CISH deletion favors NK cell accumulation to the primary tumor, optimizes NK cell killing properties and decreases TIGIT immune checkpoint receptor expression, limiting NK cell exhaustion. (bmj.com)
The immune modulatory role of TGF-beta 1 appears to be dose dependent because low amounts of the cytokine were sufficient to modulate CXCR4 and CX3CR1 expression, intermediate amounts modified that of CXCR3, and high amounts were necessary to downregulate the expression of the NKp30 activating receptor. (unicatt.it)
In this study we analyzed the expression of nine NK receptors (p58.1, p58.2, p70, p140, ILT2, NKRP1A, ZIN176, CD94 and CD94/NKG2A) in PBL from both healthy donors and melanoma patients. (ox.ac.uk)
These data show that IRF-1 regulates IL-15 gene expression, which may control the development of NK1+T cells, NK cells, and CD8-/+ IELs. (tam-receptor.com)
The combination of kinome, transcriptome, and epigenome analyses of mouse PTCLs revealed a NK cell-like reprogramming of PTCL cells with expression of NK receptors (NKRs) and downstream signaling molecules such as Tyrobp and SYK. (nebraska.edu)
Remarkably, KIR can be induced not only on CD56bright, but also on CD56dim KIR NK cells, and their expression correlates with lower proliferative response. (unime.it)
Cells with higher Ly49H expression expanded more and were thus able to combat CMV more effectively. (tum.de)
SNK01, being developed by NKGen Biotech, is an autologous, nongenetically modified NK cell product that has enhanced cytotoxicity and activating receptor expression. (medscape.com)

In this study, we show that neuroblastoma (NB) cell conditioning affects the chemokine receptor repertoire of human resting NK cells. (unicatt.it)
The phenomenon was dependent on the release by NB cells of TGF-beta 1, and rTGF-beta 1 induced a chemokine receptor repertoire identical to that of NB-conditioned NK cells. (unicatt.it)

We have previously described committed NK cell precursors (NKPs), which have the capacity to generate NK cells, but not B, T, erythroid, or myeloid cells, after in vitro culture or transfer to a fetal thymic microenvironment. (pasteur.fr)
Finally, we show in vitro that the interaction of NK cells with F. nucleatum leads to an NCR1-dependent secretion of TNF-α. (bvsalud.org)
The expanded NK cells were tested for their ability to inhibit WNV infection in vitro. (fda.gov)
cells were cultured with IL-15 in vitro. (tam-receptor.com)

The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
They and other CD1d-restricted T cells ('type 2' NKT) recognize lipids and glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules, a member of the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules, rather than peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). (wikipedia.org)
KLRC3 codes for a protein that works as a receptor for the recognition of MHC molecules by natural killers, and in some cases cytotoxic T-cells. (novusbio.com)

BACKGROUND: Natural Killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the host innate immune system with anti-viral and anti-cancer properties. (fda.gov)
NK cells, among other cells, are key effector cells of the innate immune system and play a crucial role in the antiviral response. (cdc.gov)
NK cells are an essential part of the innate immune system that can shape the adaptive response by eliminating activated (not resting) autologous CD4+ T cells. (medscape.com)

NK cells express germ-line receptors that are either stimulatory or inhibitory, and the summation of these signals determines activation status ( Caligiuri, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
Furthermore, the so-called adapter CARs have been developed by splitting antigen recognition and CAR-immune cell activation. (nature.com)
Primed Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells display increased activation upon NCR stimulation. (bmj.com)
Once activated, they engage in effector functions, like NK transactivation, T cell activation and differentiation, B cell activation, dendritic cell activation and cross-presentation activity, and macrophage activation. (wikipedia.org)
Upon activation, NKT cells are able to produce large quantities of interferon gamma, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, as well as multiple other cytokines and chemokines (such as IL-2, IL-13, IL-17, IL-21, and TNF-alpha). (wikipedia.org)
However, the role of chronic TCR activation in lymphomagenesis and in lymphoma cell survival is still poorly understood. (nebraska.edu)
KIR receptors contain up to three different extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains referred to as D0, D1, and D2 and play an important role in blocking NK cell activation against cells expressing the appropriate HLA antigens thus preventing cell lysis. (umassmed.edu)

Earlier in June 2023, the FDA also granted IND clearance for a study involving patients with synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, showcasing the progress of this program in treating various malignancies. (pharmafocusamerica.com)

NKT cells are a subset of T cells that coexpress an αβ T-cell receptor, but also express a variety of molecular markers that are typically associated with NK cells, such as NK1.1. (wikipedia.org)
CD244 is expressed on NK cells, a subset of T cells (including most CD8 + T cells and γ/δ T cells), monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. (biolegend.com)

In contrast, IL-15 plays a dominant role in early NK cell differentiation by maintaining normal numbers of immature and mature NK cells in the bone marrow and spleen. (pasteur.fr)
Altogether our data propose a novel tumor escape-mechanism based on the modulation of chemokine receptors that play pivotal roles in NK cells bone marrow homing, egress, or recruitment into peripheral tissues. (unicatt.it)
Monocytes (MC) are bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear phagocytes that play an important role in innate immune response and are the major immune cell population in chronic tissue inflammatory ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
SCID is considered a pediatric emergency because survival depends on expeditious stem cell reconstitution, usually by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). (medscape.com)

Trogocytosis is an active process that transfers surface material from targeted to effector cells. (nature.com)

Current research strategies aiming to prevent, control or eradicate HIV emphasize the adaptive arm of the immune system, harnessing effector functions of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, B cells and antibodies to attack HIV and HIV-infected cells. (nih.gov)

Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)
Subsequently, cells are transduced with CAR-encoding genes using (mostly) viral vectors. (nature.com)
Additional studies indicate a complex genetic control of defective NOD NK cells including genes linked to the MHC and possibly those that are associated with an altered cytokine response to the TLR3-agonist poly(I:C). (ox.ac.uk)

The acquisition of self HLA class I binding KIRs during NK cell differentiation tunes the cytotoxic potential of NK cells in a process termed education, characterized by increased loading of granzyme B in dense core granules. (confex.com)
Although NK cell differentiation and education are critical determinants of the functional potential of the cell, little is known about how these events shape the migratory behavior of NK cells. (confex.com)
Altogether, our results suggest that CD56brightCD16 KIR and CD56dimCD16KIR/ NK cells correspond to sequential steps of differentiation and support the hypothesis that secondary lymphoid organs can be sites of NK cell final maturation and self-tolerance acquisition during immune reaction. (unime.it)
These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)

Binding of the CD94/NKG2A receptor by its ligand (Qa-1(b)) did not significantly inhibit CD8(+) T cell effector functions. (duke.edu)

This new partnership is an exciting opportunity for Replay's cell therapy product company Syena to leverage JURA Bio's powerful toolkit of machine learning and synthetic protein design coupled with their extensive expertise and to use this to advance the development of our engineered TCR-NK cell therapy programs. (businesswire.com)
Here, we targeted an intracellular inhibiting protein 'cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein' (CISH) in NK cells to evaluate the impact on their functions and antitumor properties. (bmj.com)
protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor. (wikigenes.org)
Effect of fluoxetine and adenosine receptor NECA agonist on G alpha q/11 protein of C6 glioma cells. (nel.edu)
Kovárů H, Kováru F, Lisá V. Effect of fluoxetine and adenosine receptor NECA agonist on G alpha q/11 protein of C6 glioma cells. (nel.edu)
Neurochemical approaches to antidepressant effects and depressive disorder are also focusing on G-protein coupled receptors (GP. (nel.edu)

A family of receptors found on NK CELLS that have specificity for a variety of HLA ANTIGENS. (umassmed.edu)

Normally, potentially malignant cells are continuously eliminated by the immune system, but cancer cells can accumulate certain mutations, which allow them to escape these mechanisms [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
CAR-modified immune cells are expanded until sufficient cell numbers are attained and are adoptively transferred into the patient to fight malignant cells. (nature.com)
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapeutic option for patients with non-malignant diseases as well as high-risk and refractory hematopoietic malignancies. (haematologica.org)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)

CD28-negative cytolytic effector T cells frequently express NK receptors and are present at variable proportions in circulating lymphocytes from healthy donors and melanoma patients. (ox.ac.uk)
As you can see, they are large granular lymphocytes with granules that are responsible for killing of tumor cells or virus infected cells. (hstalks.com)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)

NKPs express the CD122 Ag (beta chain of the receptors for IL-2/IL-15), but lack other mature NK markers, including NK1.1, CD49b (DX5), or members of the Ly49 gene family. (pasteur.fr)
NKT cells include both NK1.1+ and NK1.1−, as well as CD4+, CD4−, CD8+ and CD8− cells. (wikipedia.org)

Cytokines, including those that signal via receptors using the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain (gamma(c)), have been implicated at various stages of NK cell development. (pasteur.fr)
These subset cells produce a different set of cytokines once activated. (wikipedia.org)

iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like antigen presenting molecule. (wikipedia.org)

haNKs represent an 'off the shelf' NK cellular therapy available for pre-clinical and clinical study. (elifesciences.org)
Most CAR-T cell-based gene therapy products that are under clinical evaluation consist of autologous enriched T cells, whereas CAR-NK cell-based approaches can be generated from allogeneic donors. (nature.com)
In this review, we are going to take a closer look at the commercial CAR-T cell therapies, as well as on CAR-T and CAR-NK cell products, which are currently under evaluation in clinical trials, that are being conducted in Germany. (nature.com)
Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) represent a significant unmet medical need with dismal clinical outcomes. (nebraska.edu)
Lachlan MacKinnon, CEO and Co-Founder of Replay, highlighted the significance of conducting clinical studies in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies, showing the promise of Syena's 'off-the-shelf' engineered TCR-NK platform in addressing various unmet clinical needs. (pharmafocusamerica.com)
This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will support basic, translational, and clinical research to improve the understanding of the effector or immunoregulatory potentials of NK cells for HIV prevention, control and/or eradication. (nih.gov)
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to foster interdisciplinary basic, translational, and clinical research that will define Natural Killer (NK) cell functions and interactions with other components of the innate and adaptive immune system affecting the potency and durability of HIV-1-specific immunity, including vaccine efficacy, reservoir size, reactivation or post-treatment control. (nih.gov)
An investigational natural killer cell (NK) therapy has shown promise in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in a small phase 1 proof-of-concept clinical trial. (medscape.com)
However, this line of early research shows that NK cells safely crosses the blood-brain barrier, infiltrates brain tissue, and may stave off Alzheimer's disease as measured by biomarkers and clinical symptoms," he noted. (medscape.com)

These results show the involvement of KIR-MHC class I interactions in the calibration of NK cell effector capacities, suggesting its role in the subsequent "missing self" recognition. (nih.gov)
NK cells express several families of receptors that play central roles in target cell recognition. (duke.edu)
2020) Inflammation by pattern recognition receptors in the uterine wall decidua and the placenta of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. (ntnu.edu)

ILC is those cells which release interferon gamma and have also, at least in the case of NK cells, the ability to kill viral infected cells. (hstalks.com)

Fig. 1: CAR19-mediated trogocytosis in NK cells cocultured with CD19 + tumor targets. (nature.com)
This is a single arm, open-label, multi-center, Phase 1 study to determine the safety and tolerability of an experimental therapy called NKX019 (allogeneic CAR NK cells targeting CD19) in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic. (uchicagomedicine.org)

Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)
These subtle effects suggest that CD94/NKG2A-mediated inhibition of T cells may be limited to particular circumstances or may synergize with other receptors that are similarly up-regulated. (duke.edu)

This innovative T-Cell Receptor Natural Killer (TCR-NK) cell therapy is designed for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. (pharmafocusamerica.com)

To mediate appropriate and directed immune response against cancer, NK cells must be capable of migration to the tumor site. (confex.com)

Methods To further understand CISH functions in NK cells, we developed a conditional Cish-deficient mouse model in NK cells ( Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ ). (bmj.com)
By using subcutaneous chambers inoculated with F. nucleatum we demonstrate that immune cells , including NK cells , rapidly accumulate in the chambers and that this leads to a fast and transient , NCR1-dependant TNF-α secretion . (bvsalud.org)

In human NK cells, CISH deletion also favors NCR signaling and antitumor functions. (bmj.com)
Conclusion This study represents a crucial step in the mechanistic understanding and safety of Cish targeting to unleash NK cell antitumor function in solid tumors. (bmj.com)

ABSTRACT Natural kil er (NK) cel s are key players in the immune response to viruses. (who.int)

Anatomy38

Organisms13

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs120

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes61

Information Science3

Phenotype9

Peripheral blood7

CD169

Antigen receptor3

Immunotherapy9

Tumor microenvironment on NK-cell1

Potential role of NK cells2

CD567

Chimeric antigen receptors1

Vivo5

Capability of NK cells2

Human NK cell2

Primary NK cells2

Inhibitory receptor1

Antibody6

Ligands4

Regulatory4

Subsets9

Cytotoxicity and cytokine1

Pathways6

NKp465

Mice13

Natural kille9

Dendritic cells6

Expression19

Chemokine receptor2

Vitro4

Molecules3

Innate immune3

Activation7

20231

Subset of T cells2

Bone marrow4

Effector cells1

Cytotoxic T cel1

Genes3

Differentiation4

Ligand1

Protein6

Specificity1

Malignant4

Lymphocytes3

NK1.12

Cytokines2

Antigens1

Clinical9

Recognition3

Interferon gamma1

CD192

Inhibition2

Multiple myeloma1

Mediate1

NCR12

Antitumor2

Abstract1