Nk cell cytotoxicity. Medical search. Frequent questions

After isolating genomic DNA from the whole blood of 98 AD patients, the genotype of NK killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) was examined. (hhv-6foundation.org)
These two receptors are likely preferentially associated with each other, and when they are co-expressed, the inhibitory effects of KIR2DL2 override the activation of NK cells triggered by KIR2DS2. (hhv-6foundation.org)
Notably, 14/20 patients who exhibited worsening of clinical manifestations at one -year follow-up possessed this combination of NK receptors and HLA genotype, and the combination was also associated with significantly lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores at diagnosis of AD. (hhv-6foundation.org)
We show that CISH does not only regulate interleukin-15 (IL-15) signaling pathways but also natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) pathways, triggering CISH protein expression. (bmj.com)
A NK cell expresses Fcγ receptors. (wikipedia.org)
These receptors recognize and bind to the reciprocal portion of an antibody, such as IgG, which binds to the surface of a pathogen-infected target cell. (wikipedia.org)
The most common of these Fc receptors on the surface of an NK cell is CD16 or FcγRIII. (wikipedia.org)
Next, the NK cells which have reciprocal Fcγ receptors will bind to that antibody, inducing the NK cell to release proteins such as perforin and proteases known as granzymes, which causes the lysis of the infected cell to hinder the spread of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
2014). Human NK cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of leukemias and solid tumors. (springer.com)
Increased TME NK and CD8 + T-cell numbers correlated with augmented chemokine ligands and receptors. (bmj.com)
Their function is regulated by the activation of a number of activating and inhibitory receptors that bind to specific ligands expressed on the surface of target cells. (frontiersin.org)
In particular, NK cells mediate their cytolytic function through the engagement of activating receptors, such as NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp46, and NKp44 ( 3 , 4 ), or following pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
These receptors are present on phagocytic cells, mast cells, and lung epithelial and smooth muscle cells. (medscape.com)
Importantly, no major changes in NK cell phenotype, as measured by expression of 15 inhibitory or activating surface receptors, were observed following electroporation with CD16-158V mRNA. (maxcyte.com)
iNK cells expressed a favorable combination of multiple activation and few inhibitory receptors that corresponded to more potent cytolytic activity against HCC targets. (biospace.com)
2 Previous studies have evaluated the opioid receptors on a wide array of immune cells. (uspharmacist.com)
Numerical simulations generated using experimentally-based parameter estimates reveal that the system evolves on two timescales: a fast timescale on which antibodies bind to receptors on the surface of the tumour cells, and NK cells form complexes with the cancer cells, and a longer time-scale on which the NK cells kill the cancer cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
My postdoc studies on neurotransmitter receptors led to papers in Science, Nature and Cell, and earned the 1988 Boeringer Ingelheim Award. (gene.com)
CD161 molecules are C-type lectin-like receptors that can either activate (CD161a) or inhibit (CD161b) effector leucocyte responses, eg, cytotoxicity or cytokine production, against target cells which express C-type lectin-like related (Clr) molecules. (bdbiosciences.com)
Natural killer (NK) cells, with inhibitory and activating receptors, play unique roles in AXR by promoting graft rejection or tolerance. (iupui.edu)
Cell surface receptors containing an immunoglobin domain. (embl.de)
Killer cell inhibitory receptors. (embl.de)
B cell receptors (BCR) of mature lymphoid malignancies are exceptional in that they harbor tumor-specific-stereotyped sequences in the form of point mutations that drive self-engagement of the BCR and autologous signaling. (bvsalud.org)

NK cells cytokine expression, signaling and cytotoxicity has been evaluated in vitro. (bmj.com)
Specifically, we found the agonists 574 and 558 significantly enhanced NK cell-mediated ADCC in vitro as well as enhanced the anti-cancer efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in two different in vivo mouse models. (umn.edu)
The present study had aimed to evaluate the effect of a feeder layer of irradiated MSCs in the in vitro expansion of NK cells. (springer.com)
Post electroporation, cells were resuspended in NK cell media and transferred to culture flasks for in vitro analysis. (maxcyte.com)
In vitro cytotoxic activity against rituximab-coated CD20+ B cell lymphoma cells of CD16-engineered or non-engineered NK cells was assessed 24 hours post electroporation. (maxcyte.com)
The FLEX-NK TM tetravalent, multifunctional antibody CYT-303 directed against NKp46 and GPC3 demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity against HCC tumor targets. (biospace.com)
The combination of the FLEX-NK TM and iNK platforms demonstrated greater in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in HCC models than iNK cells alone, with a favorable in vitro cytokine release and immune cell subset safety profile. (biospace.com)
The FLEX-NK TM multifunctional engager antibody CYT-338 directed against NKp46 and CD38 demonstrated in vitro activity against multiple myeloma tumor targets. (biospace.com)
Moreover, this is the first paper to clearly establish that a CD56 bright CD3 - CD16 - perforin- NK reg population associates with a lack of cGvHD and has several unique characteristics, including the suppression of helper T-cell function in vitro. (haematologica.org)
Preclinical assessment of molecules that may cause antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) involves co-culturing cancer cells, NK cells and antibody in vitro for several hours and measuring subsequent levels of tumour cell lysis. (ebi.ac.uk)
Here we develop a mathematical model of such an in vitro ADCC assay, formulated as a system of time-dependent ordinary differential equations and in which NK cells kill cancer cells at a rate which depends on the amount of antibody bound to each cancer cell. (ebi.ac.uk)
In vitro assays for measuring the cytotoxic capacity of immune cells have been a staple in laboratories for many years. (jove.com)
These in vitro assays involve the mixing of different cell populations, as well as using a relatively low number of both effector and target cells. (jove.com)
As with any assay examining the function of immune cells in vitro , there are a number of important considerations to consider improving the performance of the experiment. (jove.com)
Anti-West Nile virus activity of in vitro expanded human primary natural killer cells. (fda.gov)
The expanded NK cells were tested for their ability to inhibit WNV infection in vitro. (fda.gov)
Here, we express an anti-CD19 ÎµTRuC in primary Î³Î´ T cells that were expanded using zoledronate (Zol) or concanavalin A. We show that the resulting ÎµTRuC Î³Î´ T cells were reprogrammed to better recognize CD19-positive B cell tumors and-in case of the Zol-expanded cells-a CD19-expressing colon adenocarcinoma-derived cell line in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
Our in vitro cytotoxicity data suggest that the VÎ´2 T cells were better killers than the VÎ´1 T cells. (bvsalud.org)

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system kills a target cell, whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
ADCC is independent of the immune complement system that also lyses targets but does not require any other cell. (wikipedia.org)
ADCC requires an effector cell which classically is known to be natural killer (NK) cells that typically interact with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
In general, ADCC has typically been described as the immune response to antibody-coated cells leading ultimately to the lysing of the infected or non-host cell. (wikipedia.org)
The typical ADCC involves activation of NK cells by antibodies in a multi-tiered progression of immune control. (wikipedia.org)
Several laboratory methods exist for determining the efficacy of antibodies or effector cells in eliciting ADCC. (wikipedia.org)
As NK cells are not themselves specific to certain pathways of immune control, they are utilized a majority of the time in ADCC as a less discriminate cell destroyer than antibody-specific apoptosis mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
define NK cell differentiation states based on their education via NKG2a and expression of CD16 (FcγRIII), an activating Fc receptor that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 8 , and demonstrate that nonpathogenic SIVagm infection in African green monkeys (AGMs) imprints the maturation of NK cells inducing terminally differentiated NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells, which express high levels of interleukin (IL)−21R. (nature.com)
One mechanism of NK cell anti-tumor activity is antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) induced via Fc receptor (CD16) binding to antibodies. (maxcyte.com)
Establish overexpression of high-affinity CD16 on NK cells as a potential combination therapy for improving ADCC activity of anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies. (maxcyte.com)
Engineered NK cells had an enhanced ability to mediate ADCC as measured both via NK cell degranulation (CD107a expression, Figure 2A) and specific lysis of B cell lymphoma cells ( 51 Cr release assay, Figure 2B). (maxcyte.com)
Created by COPASI 4.26 (Build 213) This model is described in the article: A mathematical model of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) F. Hoffman, D. Gavaghan, J. Osborne, I.P. Barrett, T. You, H. Ghadially, R. Sainson, R.W. Wilkinson, H.M. Byrne Journal of Theoretical Biology 436 (2018) 39-50 Abstract: Immunotherapies exploit the immune system to target and kill cancer cells, while sparing healthy tis- sue. (ebi.ac.uk)
Our results show how the processes involved in ADCC change as the initial concentration of antibody and NK-cancer cell ratio are varied. (ebi.ac.uk)
After short decreases during the first 24 h, significant increases in natural killer (NK) and antibody - dependent cell - mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities as well as augmented levels of large. (karger.com)
Natural killer (NK) and antibody - dependent cell - mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities as well as the number of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were. (karger.com)
investigated whether VEGF affects the antibody - dependent cell - mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of human monocytes mediated by trastuzumab. (karger.com)
Methods: HER-2-expressing tumor cell lines (MKN-7, TE-4 and SKOV-3) were evaluated for trastuzumab-mediated ADCC of human monocytes in the presence of VEGF 165. (karger.com)
The expanded NK (D2NK) cell has strong natural killing activity against both K562 and Vero cells, and killed the WNV infected Vero cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (fda.gov)
Humanized anti-CD123 antibody facilitates NK cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of Hodgkin lymphoma targets via ARF6/PLD-1. (rndsystems.com)

Finally, we targeted CISH in human NK-92 or primary NK cells, using a technology combining the CRISPR(i)-dCas9 tool with a new lentiviral pseudotype. (bmj.com)
Finally, using CRISPRi, we then targeted CISH in human NK-92 or primary NK cells. (bmj.com)
however, primary NK cells have historically been difficult to engineer. (maxcyte.com)
It was previously shown that K562-mb15-41BBL (K562D2) cells, which express IL-15 and 4-1BBL on the K562 cell surface, were able to expand and activate human primary NK cells of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (fda.gov)

Aldicarb suppresses macrophage but not natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells. (musc.edu)
NK cells are involved in killing tumor cells and other cells that may lack MHC I on their surface, indicating a non-self cell. (wikipedia.org)
Next, they introduced 30 thousand K-562 tumor cells (erythroblastic human leukemia) into the wells. (agelessway.org)
In the control series of the experiments for all of the transfer factor samples tested, there was no direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells at any of the concentrations tested. (agelessway.org)
When in the absence of the immune NK cells, they add the transfer factors directly with the cancer cells there is no cytotoxic effect on the tumor cells. (agelessway.org)
The intent of vaccination is to induce a combined antibody and T-cell anti-HER-2 immune response, which is intended to target HER-2-expressing tumor cells, and may induce tumor regression or slow progression of disease. (stanford.edu)
The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether breast cancer tumors respond (as measured by pathologic complete response: the absence of microscopic evidence of invasive tumor cells in the breast) to combined chemotherapy of AC(doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel plus trastuzumab or lapatinib or both given before surgery to patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. (stanford.edu)
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. (stanford.edu)

After washing, effector cells expressing Fc receptor CD16 are co-incubated with the antibody-labelled target cells. (wikipedia.org)
Both culture conditions showed high NK purity with predominance of NK CD56 bright CD16 + subset post expansion. (springer.com)
However, cultures without the presence of MSCs showed higher NK proliferation, expression of activation markers (CD16 and NKG2D) and related cytotoxic activity. (springer.com)
Here we report, using the pathogenic model of antiretroviral therapy-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques that sequential interleukin-21 and interferon alpha therapy generate terminally differentiated blood natural killer cells (NKG2a/c low CD16 + ) with potent human leukocyte antigen-E-restricted activity in response to SIV envelope peptides. (nature.com)
The frequency and activity of terminally differentiated NKG2a/c low CD16 + natural killer cells correlates with a reduction of replication-competent SIV in lymph node during antiretroviral therapy and time to viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption. (nature.com)
For example, ex vivo IL-21 treatment expanded CD16 + NK cells 9 , antagonized the IL-15-dependent expansion of resting NK cells 10 , and reverses hypo-responsiveness via the STAT1 and PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 pathways 11 . (nature.com)
Given previous findings on a role of IL-21 and IFNα in regulating NK cell function, and that NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells are generated while expressing high levels of IL-21R in nonpathogenic SIV infection, we sought to determine whether immunotherapy with IL-21 and IFNα rescues AGM-like profiles of NK cell maturation and activity in SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). (nature.com)
Only 10% of the human population is homozygous for this polymorphism, suggesting that genetic manipulation of NK cells to express CD16-158V prior to adoptive transfer may improve clinical success not only of NK cell therapies but also anti-tumor IgG1 antibodies. (maxcyte.com)
Specifically, demonstrate efficient expression of high-affinity CD16 in NK cells with minimal effects on cell viability and phenotype using mRNA electroporation and assess the effects of CD16-158V expression on rituximab - mediated cytotoxic activity against B cell lymphoma cells. (maxcyte.com)
NK cells were isolated from healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CD16-158F/F donors) and expanded ex vivo for 11-15 days with irradiated EBV-SMI-LCL cells. (maxcyte.com)
Ex vivo expanded NK cells electroporated with mRNA encoding the high-affinity Fc receptor, CD16-158V, demonstrated a significant increase in CD16 surface expression (Figure 1A). (maxcyte.com)
CD16 expression correlated with the concentration of CD16-158V mRNA used during electroporation and ranged from a 2-fold increase using 1 µg/10 6 NK cells up to a 3-fold increase using 8 µg/10 6 NK cells (data not shown). (maxcyte.com)
CD16 expression peaked 24 hours post electroporation and remained higher than non-electroporated NK cells for up to 72 hours post electroporation (Figure 1B). (maxcyte.com)
While increased CD16 expression was transient in nature, this may not negatively impact the therapeutic potential of engineered NK cells due to the short persistence of adoptively transferred NK cells. (maxcyte.com)
Ex vivo expanded NK cells were electroporated with mRNA (4 µg/10 6 NK cells) encoding the high-affinity, CD16-158V Fc receptor. (maxcyte.com)
NK cell CD16 expression was measured via flow cytometry for 72 hours post electroporation. (maxcyte.com)
Non-electroporated, ex vivo expanded NK cells were used as a control to assess endogenous CD16 expression. (maxcyte.com)
We also found that viable NK reg cells may be isolated by sorting on CD56 + and CD16 - NK cells, and this population can suppress allogeneic CD4 + T cells, but not T reg cells or CD8+ T cells through a non-cytolytic, cell-cell contact dependent mechanism. (haematologica.org)
While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
NK cytotoxicity mediated by CD16 but not by NKp30 is functional in Griscelli syndrome. (lu.se)

Immune status was assessed by measuring lytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells, secretion of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, TNFalpha), and proliferation by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (nih.gov)
The researchers used a standard method of density gradient to isolate mononuclear cells [NK Cells]. (agelessway.org)
Genetically modified pECs were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for E:T ratio of 10:1 for 2 hours. (iupui.edu)

NK cell proliferation, phenotypic expression and cytotoxic activity were evaluated. (springer.com)
In SIVagm infection, systemic IL-15 was associated with NK cell proliferation in lymph node (LN), while systemic IFNα correlated with NK cell cytotoxicity in LN 17 . (nature.com)
Morphine has been shown to negatively impact macrophage function by impairing the proliferation of macrophage progenitor cells, inhibiting cytokine secretion leading to decreased chemotaxis, hindering the ability of macrophages to directly phagocytize pathogens, and inhibiting nitric oxide production. (uspharmacist.com)
For IL-2, NK cell cytotoxicity, and lymphocyte proliferation, maximum responses were observed during depletion periods. (nih.gov)
It is associated with leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) involving in TCR-mediated signal transduction for T cell proliferation and differentiation. (biolegend.com)
Mediate cellular adhesion, involved in LFA-1 co-stimulatory signal for T cell differentiation and proliferation. (biolegend.com)
The patients' T cells show residual TCR signal transduction and proliferation following anti-CD3/CD28 and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
While both Lck-/- and LckP440S/P440S mice exhibit arrested thymic T cell development and profound T cell lymphopenia, only LckP440S/P440S mice show residual T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and intestinal inflammation. (bvsalud.org)

Similarly, HHV-6A/B may contribute to Alzheimer's by utilizing a specific NK cell inhibitory receptor to disrupt the ability of NK cells to clear infected cells. (hhv-6foundation.org)
This phenomenon could be offset by a dual-CAR system incorporating both an activating CAR against the cognate tumor antigen and an NK self-recognizing inhibitory CAR that transferred a 'don't kill me' signal to NK cells upon engagement with their TROG + siblings. (nature.com)

Our studies show these TLR7/8 agonists induce robust pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and activate NK cells. (umn.edu)
Using a chemo-genetic approach, we identify BET bromodomain containing proteins BRD2 and BRD4 as central regulators of NK cell functions, including direct cytokine secretion, NK cell contact-dependent inflammatory cytokine secretion from monocytes as well as NK cell cytolytic functions. (frontiersin.org)

CONCLUSIONS: Co-culture of PBMC with K562D2 stimulatory cells is an efficient technique to prepare large quantities of pure and active NK cells, and these expanded NK cells inhibited WNV infection of Vero cells through both cytolytic and noncytolytic activities, which may imply a potential role of NK cells in combating WNV infection. (fda.gov)
Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)

Infiltration and phenotype of NK cells in the tumor was evaluated. (bmj.com)
Fig. 2: Impact of antigen-induced self-engagement on CAR-NK effector cell phenotype and function. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Impact of TROG-antigen acquisition on CAR-NK cell phenotype and function in vivo. (nature.com)
The short labeling and total assay times reduces the potential for significant changes in the number and/or phenotype of the target cells, which could influence the outcome of the assay. (jove.com)
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to induce stem cell phenotype by up-regulation of GD2 in cancer cells. (mdanderson.org)
P440S) characterized by T cell lymphopenia with skewed memory phenotype, infant-onset recurrent infections, failure to thrive, and protracted diarrhea. (bvsalud.org)

These CD161 proteins form ~ 60 kDa homodimers that are expressed on natural killer cells and subsets of T lymphocytes, activated monocytes, and dendritic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Expressed on majority of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, NK cells, monocytes/macrophages and a subset of B cells. (biolegend.com)
CD244 is expressed on NK cells, a subset of T cells (including most CD8 + T cells and γ/δ T cells), monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. (biolegend.com)

In paper IV, a previously developed microchip assay was extended to study NK cell migration and cytotoxicity in a more in vivo-like 3D collagen matrix. (kth.se)
Shaping of natural killer cell antitumor activity by ex vivo cultivation. (springer.com)
Fig. 6: AI-CAR-expressing NK cells showed superior in vivo antitumor activity. (nature.com)
furthermore, in vivo IFNα-induced NK cell cytotoxicity correlates with reductions in HIV-DNA during antiretroviral therapy (ART) 16 . (nature.com)
The natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 (NCR2, CD336) is expressed on the majority of porcine NK cells ex vivo without stimulation. (usda.gov)
Genetically engineered CAR NK cells display selective cytotoxicity against FLT3-positive B-ALL and inhibit in vivo leukemia growth. (stembook.org)
In vivo experiments confirm epitope-selective cytolysis in xenograft models in female mice using engrafted IGLV3-21R110 expressing cell lines or primary CLL cells. (bvsalud.org)

MS patients with a particular haplotype on natural killer cells are more susceptible to HHV-6A infection. (hhv-6foundation.org)
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with the ability to recognize and eliminate virally infected cells and cancer cells without prior sensitization. (kth.se)
Background The success and limitations of current immunotherapies have pushed research toward the development of alternative approaches and the possibility to manipulate other cytotoxic immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. (bmj.com)
Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG 1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
In the early reconstitution phase following HSCT, natural killer (NK) cells represent the major lymphocyte population in peripheral blood and display graft-vs-leukemia (GvL) effects. (uni-hannover.de)
Functions of natural killer cells. (springer.com)
Natural killer cells: Detectors of stress. (springer.com)
Natural killer cell biology: An update and future directions. (springer.com)
Isolation, expansion, and characterization of natural killer cells and their precursors as a tool to study cancer immunosurveillance. (springer.com)
Understanding of molecular mechanisms in natural killer cell therapy. (springer.com)
Natural killer cell adoptive immunotherapy: Coming of age. (springer.com)
2016). Natural killer cell-based adoptive immunotherapy eradicates and drives differentiation of chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells. (springer.com)
Compared with N-803+αPD-L1, N-809 enhanced natural killer (NK) and CD8 + T-cell activation and function in the dLN and TME, relating to increased gene expression associated with interferon and cytokine signaling, lymphoid compartment, costimulation and cytotoxicity. (bmj.com)
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a pivotal role in the immune surveillance and elimination of transformed or virally infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
Natural killer cells are cytolytic lymphocytes belonging to the innate immune system and are involved in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses ( 1 ) and are recognized as major players in immune-mediated anti-tumor therapies ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Unlike HIV infection, which progresses to AIDS absent suppressive anti-retroviral therapy, nonpathogenic infections in natural hosts, such African green monkeys, are characterized by a lack of gut microbial translocation and robust secondary lymphoid natural killer cell responses resulting in an absence of chronic inflammation and limited SIV dissemination in lymph node B-cell follicles. (nature.com)
This is in contrast to control macaques, where less differentiated, interferon gamma-producing natural killer cells predominate. (nature.com)
These data demonstrate that African green monkey-like natural killer cell differentiation profiles can be rescued in rhesus macaques to promote viral clearance in tissues. (nature.com)
Natural killer (NK) cells are "licensed" with functional competence following education with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules 1 . (nature.com)
Cytovia is the first company to combine its own iPSC-derived natural killer (iNK) cells and multispecific, NK cell-engaging antibodies and is building a pipeline that encompasses both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. (biospace.com)
OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which Transfer Factor E-XF blends and 4Life Transfer Factor Plus Advanced Formula increases Natural Killer (NK) cell activity above baseline. (agelessway.org)
In large patient populations, we have shown a CD56 bright natural killer (NK) population to strongly associate with a lack of cGvHD and we hypothesize that these cells function to suppress cGvHD. (haematologica.org)
Various immune-suppressive cell populations appear to associate with suppression of cGvHD, including T reg cells, B reg cells, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD56 bright natural killer (NK) cells. (haematologica.org)
Antibody therapies, an important class of immunotherapies, involve the binding to specific antigens on the surface of the tumour cells of antibodies that activate natural killer (NK) cells to kill the tu- mour cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
An investigational natural killer cell (NK) therapy has shown promise in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in a small phase 1 proof-of-concept clinical trial. (medscape.com)
When we give these enhanced natural killer cells intravenously, not only do they get into the brain, but we've shown, through CSF biomarker data, that they reduce both amyloid and tau proteins, dramatically reducing the neuroinflammation," Paul Song, MD, chief executive officer of NKGen Biotech, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
Commenting on this research for Medscape Medical News , Shaheen Lakhan, MD, PhD, a neurologist and researcher in Boston, said NK cells have "natural abilities that could make them an ideal treatment approach for Alzheimer's and similar neurodegenerative diseases. (medscape.com)
Rat natural killer cell antigen, NKR-P1, related to C-type animal lectins is a carbohydrate-binding protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
Monoclonal antibody to a triggering structure expressed on rat natural killer cells and adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
BACKGROUND: Natural Killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the host innate immune system with anti-viral and anti-cancer properties. (fda.gov)
2008). Anomalies in conventional T and invariant natural killer T-cell populations in Fabry mice but not in Fabry patients . (up.pt)
Participants provided a blood sample for the measurement of circulating immune (natural killer (NK), B, and T) cell counts and NK cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) and completed a questionnaire survey during April to June 2002. (cdc.gov)
The absence of LFA-1 on host's cells that cause decreased T-cell function, T-cell cytotoxicity, and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity may actually facilitate engraftment. (medscape.com)
ABSTRACT Natural kil er (NK) cel s are key players in the immune response to viruses. (who.int)
of various populations of NKR+ T cells whole blood were withdrawn from Natural killer (NK) cells are potent have been reported to be impaired in each participant on ethylenediamine- antiviral cells which eliminate the vi- chronic hepatitis C patients [16,21]. (who.int)
NK: Natural killer including IL-5 and IL-13. (cdc.gov)
NKT: Natural killer T innate lymphoid cells and their role in asthma. (cdc.gov)

We then tested human NK cells functions. (bmj.com)
In human NK cells, CISH deletion also favors NCR signaling and antitumor functions. (bmj.com)

Paper V shows how NK cells can eliminate platelets in the presence of anti-platelet antibodies. (kth.se)
The elimination of major xenoantigens in pig cells prevents hyperacute xenograft rejection (HXR), driven by preformed antibodies. (iupui.edu)

NK cells were obtained from peripheral blood (PB) of healthy volunteers. (springer.com)

Conclusion This study represents a crucial step in the mechanistic understanding and safety of Cish targeting to unleash NK cell antitumor function in solid tumors. (bmj.com)
CD226 is also involved in NK cell and T cell mediated cytotoxicity against certain tumors. (biolegend.com)
Dr. Battula discovered GD2 and GD3 Synthase as a unique marker to identify CSCs from primary breast tumors and cell lines. (mdanderson.org)
Immune-checkpoint proteins that are highly expressed in cancer cells play a crucial role in the inhibition of immune cells Dr. Battula is interested in identification and targeting of immune checkpoint proteins in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. (mdanderson.org)

Immunology and Cell Biology, 89 (1), 111 - 121. (up.pt)

Over the course of a few hours a complex forms between the antibody, target cell, and effector cell which leads to lysis of the cell membrane of the target. (wikipedia.org)
If the target cell was pre-loaded with a label of some sort, that label is released in proportion to the amount of cell lysis. (wikipedia.org)
Target cell lysis is determined by measuring the amount of radiolabel released into the cell culture medium by means of a gamma counter or scintillation counter. (wikipedia.org)
YT mediates lysis of CD80 + /CD86 + B lymphoblastoid cell lines and the murine mastocytoma p815 transfected with CD80 or CD86. (elsevierpure.com)
Thus, one necessity of the assay is to label the target cells in a manner that can easily be detected and quantitated, allowing the user to then determine the 'percent specific lysis' mediated by the effector cells. (jove.com)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)

Cytovia focuses on harnessing the innate immune system by developing complementary and disruptive NK-cell and NK-engager antibody platforms. (biospace.com)
11,12 Dendritic cells are essential to the innate immune system through their presentation of foreign antigens to T-cells. (uspharmacist.com)
NK cells are an essential part of the innate immune system that can shape the adaptive response by eliminating activated (not resting) autologous CD4+ T cells. (medscape.com)

Here, we targeted an intracellular inhibiting protein 'cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein' (CISH) in NK cells to evaluate the impact on their functions and antitumor properties. (bmj.com)
Immunological and translational aspects of NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapies. (springer.com)
As an emerging cancer immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapies (OVTs) can not only selectively lyse cancer cells, but also induce a systemic antitumor immune response. (frontiersin.org)

Recent studies suggested that strategies to reduce immunosuppressive cells, promote systemic T-cell responses and lymphocyte trafficking to the tumor microenvironment (TME) may improve efficacy. (bmj.com)
Foremost, N-809 enhances intratumoral lymphocyte numbers by increasing trafficking via altered chemokine levels in the TME and chemokine receptor expression on CD8 + T cells and NK cells. (bmj.com)
We speculate that the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to affect T-lymphocyte and myeloid cell physiology coupled with age-related maladaptive biological phenomena explain the strong association between advanced age and increased risk of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. (ersjournals.com)
Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) is essential for T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated signal transduction. (bvsalud.org)

In paper II, the microchip platform was applied to test the ability of a novel trispecific killer engager (TriKE) to mediate an NK cell-dependent immune response. (kth.se)
Following activation, NK cells mediate killing of target cells through two major pathways that require direct contact between NK cells and their target cells ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
The elimination or persistence (NKRs) and mediate functions of both cells and CD56+NT cells was charac- of the infection depends on a balance T cells and NK cells [13]. (who.int)

B cells The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)

abstract = "The human leukemic cell line YT displays spontaneous cytotoxicity against CD80+ and/or CD86+ and ICAM-1+ target cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2010(3): 365-74 [ PubMed abstract ]. (lu.se)

Thus, having an assay in which the user can easily integrate any number of different effector cells, target cells, and/or response modifiers into the experimental design can serve as a valuable means of quickly assessing the cytotoxic capacity of effector cells and/or the responsiveness of the target cell. (jove.com)
In this assay hematopoietic cells are cultured in MyeloCult™ medium with supportive human or mouse stromal cell layers and tested for their ability to generate myeloid clonogenic progenitors for several weeks as assayed by replating the cells in a colony-forming unit (CFU) assay using MethoCult™ medium. (stemcell.com)
A study CDI case was nucleic acid amplification test‒/cytotoxicity neutralization assay‒positive or nucleic acid amplification test‒positive stool in a patient with pseudomembranous colitis. (cdc.gov)

NK cell degranulation was accessed by the percentage of CD107a expression in the CD3-CD56+population. (iupui.edu)
Conclusion and Impacts: Co-expression of HLA-E and HLA-G in 5GKO pECs significantly reduced human NK cell degranulation, compared to 5GKO.HLA-E, 5GKO.HLA-G, and 5GKO pECs. (iupui.edu)

In contrast, knockdown of BRD4 but not of BRD2 impairs NK cell cytolytic responses, suggesting BRD4 as critical regulator of NK cell mediated tumor cell elimination. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, NK cells are poised to release cytokines such as IFN- γ , TNF-α and growth factors that can initiate inflammatory responses mediated by both the innate and the adaptive arm of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Conversely, some diseases are hallmarked by the overexuberant activity of immune cell cytotoxic activity, resulting in efforts to identify agents to temper these responses. (jove.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)

We use these results to explain what information about the tumour cell kill rate can be extracted from the cytotoxicity assays. (ebi.ac.uk)
These assays have been used to determine the ability of T cells, NK cells, or any other immune cell to kill target cells in an antigen-specific or -nonspecific manner. (jove.com)

NK cells play a pivotal role in rapid and highly efficient cancer surveillance and represent a promising avenue for adoptive cell transfer either as a mono- or combination immunotherapy. (maxcyte.com)

Oligosaccharide ligands for NKR-P1 protein activate NK cells and cytotoxicity. (bdbiosciences.com)
Besides, Dr. Battula is developing novel therapeutic tools to target immune-checkpoint proteins in cancer cells and activate NK/T cells against cancer cells. (mdanderson.org)

2009). Hepatocytes and IL-15: A favorable microenvironment for T cell survival and CD8+ T cell differentiation . (up.pt)
Mutations affecting T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling typically cause combined immunodeficiency (CID) due to varying degrees of disturbed T-cell homeostasis and differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we describe two cousins with CID due to a novel nonsense mutation in LCK and investigate the effect of this novel nonsense mutation on TCR signaling, T-cell function, and differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
that regulate the differentiation and activation of these cells. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, HHV-6A induced PKA activity and phosphorylation of Sp1 in the NK cells, which may increase expression of KIR2DL2 and thereby inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity. (hhv-6foundation.org)
The authors also noted that the HHV-6A-induced expression of apolipoprotein E e4 may further inhibit NK cell function, in part by increasing PKA activity. (hhv-6foundation.org)
This is supported by pharmacological targeting where the first-generation pan-BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1(+) displays anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit tumor cell eradication, while the novel bivalent BET bromodomain inhibitor AZD5153, which shows differential activity towards BET family members, does not. (frontiersin.org)

Methods that allow studies of single NK cells are required to understand the functional differences and how they correlate with the activation and development status of the NK cell. (kth.se)
Global gene expression of Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells compared with Cish +/+ Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells revealed upregulation of pathways and genes associated with NK cell cycling and activation. (bmj.com)
Primed Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells display increased activation upon NCR stimulation. (bmj.com)
Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells display lower activation thresholds and Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ mice are more resistant to tumor metastasis and to primary breast cancer growth. (bmj.com)
IL-1 receptor activation and subsequent downstream signalling events were found to require gamma-secretase activity.Conclusion: Although the role of PGE2 in NK cell-MSC has been reported, the requirement of cell-cell contact for PGE2 induced immunosuppression remained unexplained. (uni-hannover.de)
NK expansion and activation were stimulated by culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and IL-2, in the presence or absence of BM-MSCs. (springer.com)
In this work, we report that CD28-mediated cytotoxicity of YT involves tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, the Tec kinase Itk/Emt, and protein kinase C (PKC). (elsevierpure.com)
Activation of PI 3-kinase and PMA-nonresponsive PKC isoenzymes is shown to be involved directly in cytolytic granule release by YT cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'CD28-mediated cytotoxicity by the human leukemic NK cell line YT involves tyrosine phosphorylation, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase C'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevierpure.com)
In the study activation by 4Life Transfer Factor Advanced Formula, 4Life Transfer Factor Plus Advanced Formula and IL-2 resulted in a kill rate of K562 cancer cells of 69%, 97% and 88% respectively with the 48-hour incubation period giving the greatest NK cell activation. (agelessway.org)
As previously reported in earlier publications, two 4Life products, 4Life Transfer Factor Classic and 4Life Transfer Factor Plus, demonstrated significantly improved NK cell activation, 103% and 248% respectively. (agelessway.org)
When they combine transfer factors from patented egg technology with bovine transfer factors, there is a synergistic activation of NK cell activity. (agelessway.org)
The improved formulas, 4Life Transfer Factor and 4Life Transfer Factor Plus Advanced Formulas improve NK cell activation by 283% and 437% respectively. (agelessway.org)
The objective was to find the bovine and egg transfer factor blend(s) (E-XF blends) that express the greatest NK cell activation. (agelessway.org)
However, acute xenograft rejection (AXR), driven by immune cell activation,continues to be a barrier in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. (iupui.edu)

The process of NK cell education was studied in paper III and for that the image analysis methods for the microchip platform was further developed, in order to reveal new insight into how the education process affects the cytotoxic function of single NK cells. (kth.se)
Methods To further understand CISH functions in NK cells, we developed a conditional Cish-deficient mouse model in NK cells ( Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ ). (bmj.com)
Methods: This study aims to demonstrate the use of HLA class I molecules in inducing human NK cell tolerance. (iupui.edu)

CISH deletion favors NK cell accumulation to the primary tumor, optimizes NK cell killing properties and decreases TIGIT immune checkpoint receptor expression, limiting NK cell exhaustion. (bmj.com)
Fig. 5: Expression of an iCAR by NK cells reduced fratricide and exhaustion induced by aCAR. (nature.com)

NK cells have been seen as potential agents in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. (springer.com)
Fig. 4: A lower level of CAR-mediated TROG-antigen expression was associated with improved clinical response to CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy. (nature.com)
This emerging cell-based immunotherapy is highly-specific to the cells responsible for Alzheimer's, avoids drug resistance, has long-lasting results, and has fewer side effects than drug counterparts," Lakhan said. (medscape.com)
With the explosion in tumor immunotherapy research in recent years, there is growing interest in finding agents to increase the cytotoxic activity of immune cells to improve patient outcomes. (jove.com)
In conclusion, the generation and use of Î³Î´ ÎµTRuC T cells might be a new approach for cancer immunotherapy. (bvsalud.org)

Moreover, in contrast to N-803+αPD-L1, N-809 reduced immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (T reg ), monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) and M2-like macrophages in the TME. (bmj.com)
In addition, N-809 reduces immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic immune cells in the TME, including T reg , M2-like macrophages and M-MDSC. (bmj.com)
CD226 (DNAM-1) is constitutively expressed on naïve CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, macrophages, and NK cells. (biolegend.com)

Cytovia's GPC3-directed NK-engager in combination with iPSC-derived NK cells demonstrated impressive anti-tumor activity in mice that merits clinical development," added Dr. Michael Friedman , a member of Cytovia's Board of Directors. (biospace.com)

Until date, MSC-NK cell interaction studies are largely focussed on bone marrow derived (BM)-MSCs. (uni-hannover.de)
MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow (BM) cells remaining in the bag and filter used in the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. (springer.com)
In this regard, he has identified several markers including FZD9, CD140b, tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in combination with other cell surface for prospective isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from human bone marrow and placenta. (mdanderson.org)
Establish stromal cell layers and culture hematopoietic progenitors in "Dexter-type" long-term bone marrow cultures. (stemcell.com)
The bone marrow in patients with LAD is hyperplastic, and some T-cell function is present. (medscape.com)

Additionally, we found the agonists were able to stimulate CD8 T cells, likely indicative of an early adaptive immune response. (umn.edu)
We are currently developing strategies that aim to kill cancer cells by directly disrupting their inherent stress-adaptation mechanisms or by augmenting the anti-tumor immune response. (gene.com)
We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)

Upon the loss of membrane integrity of the target cells as a result of the cytotoxic activity of the effector cells, the 51 Cr-labelled cellular proteins within the target cells are released into the culture supernatant, becoming available for quantitation. (jove.com)
One of the most critical features is to use healthy effector (for maximal cytotoxic activity) and target (for maximal responsiveness and minimal spontaneous death/ 51 Cr release) cells. (jove.com)

It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
With further investigation we may decipher the mechanism of NK reg suppression and operationalize expansion of NK reg cells associated with cGvHD suppression. (haematologica.org)

Thus, we studied the interaction of UC-MSCs with unstimulated allogeneic NK cells.Results: UC-MSCs could potently suppress NK cell cytotoxicity in overnight cultures via soluble factors. (uni-hannover.de)
Following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), interferon (IFN)-γ levels in the recipient's body can strongly influence the clinical outcome. (uni-hannover.de)
Early studies on the transfer of unmodified autologous or allogeneic NK cells have established their clinical safety and demonstrated modest anti-tumor efficacy. (maxcyte.com)

Understanding NK cell heterogeneity has the potential for improving e.g. cancer cell therapies. (kth.se)
Given the important role of both cytokine-mediated inflammatory microenvironment and cytolytic NK cell activities in immune-oncology therapies, our findings present a compelling argument for further clinical investigation. (frontiersin.org)
Cytovia Therapeutics aims to accelerate patient access to transformational cell therapies and immunotherapies, addressing several of the most challenging unmet medical needs in cancer. (biospace.com)
Down the road, it will be interesting to see how NK cell therapy could "complement" anti-amyloid and anti-tau therapies, he added. (medscape.com)

Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)

While wild-type NK cells were able to effectively kill HHV-6A-infected T cells expressing the HLA-C1 allele, NK cells with KIR2DL2 expression were not able to do so. (hhv-6foundation.org)
SNK01, being developed by NKGen Biotech, is an autologous, nongenetically modified NK cell product that has enhanced cytotoxicity and activating receptor expression. (medscape.com)
It was reported that CD226 expression is up-regulated on Th1 cells, but down-regulated on Th2 and Th0 cells. (biolegend.com)
Finally, addition of vitamin C promoted the recovery of larger Î³Î´ T cell numbers after lentiviral transduction, as used for the expression of the ÎµTRuC. (bvsalud.org)

There is a functional heterogeneity between individual NK cells, where some NK cells are more efficient at killing cancer cells than others. (kth.se)
The functional interactions between NK cells and MSCs have the potential to influence the leukemia relapse rate after HSCT. (uni-hannover.de)

Usually, a target cell line expressing a certain surface-exposed antigen is incubated with antibody specific for that antigen. (wikipedia.org)
[ 3 ] Thus, it enhances and prolongs antigen signaling on B cells. (medscape.com)
This system prevented trogocytic antigen-mediated fratricide, while sparing activating CAR signaling against the tumor antigen, and resulted in enhanced CAR-NK cell activity. (nature.com)
CAR T cell trogocytosis and cooperative killing regulate tumour antigen escape. (nature.com)
For the large number of hepatocellular cancer patients who currently have such limited, poor clinical options, a novel tumor antigen-directed NK engager is needed. (biospace.com)
NK cell tolerance occurs naturally in utero where human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E and HLA-G are present. (iupui.edu)
and, in response to antigen, are subsequently secreted by plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Here, we use a BCR light chain neoepitope defined by a characteristic point mutation (IGLV3-21R110) for selective targeting of a poor-risk subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. (bvsalud.org)
We have developed a new format of a chimeric antigen receptor for αß T cells, in which the single-chain variable fragment recognizing the tumor antigen is directly fused to the T cell receptor, called T cell receptor fusion construct (TRuC). (bvsalud.org)

IFNg or TNF), or cytotoxic granules (i.e., perforin/granzyme B) expressed by effector cells are some ways in which target cell death can be induced. (jove.com)

PMA together with lonomycin did not induce granule exocytosis or cytotoxicity by YT cells. (elsevierpure.com)
In most tumor types, MSCs support tumor growth and induce chemo-resistance in cancer cells. (mdanderson.org)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly considered to be used as biological immunosuppressants in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (uni-hannover.de)
Chronic graft- versus -host disease (cGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (haematologica.org)
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapeutic option for patients with non-malignant diseases as well as high-risk and refractory hematopoietic malignancies. (haematologica.org)
[ 8 ] Immune reconstitution with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice. (medscape.com)

CR2 binds C3dg, and C3d is present on B cells and dendritic cells (see the Table 1). (medscape.com)
13 Morphine has been shown to decrease IL-23 production in murine models, decreasing dendritic cell antimicrobial protein production. (uspharmacist.com)
Our research further revealed that inhibiting IRE1 activity in cancer-surveilling dendritic cells augments anti-tumor immunity. (gene.com)

The aims of this article are to review the current knowledge regarding therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure, to discuss recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells, and to summarize the methodological improvement of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treating liver failure. (springer.com)

During replication of a virus, some of the viral proteins are expressed on the cell surface membrane of the infected cell. (wikipedia.org)
The UPR normally helps secretory cells to resolve issues with 3D shaping of newly synthesized proteins. (gene.com)
Radioactivity - especially, chromium 51 ( 51 Cr) in the form of Na 2 51 CrO 4 - is an inexpensive way to rapidly and nonspecifically label cellular proteins within the target cells (1). (jove.com)

RESULTS: Each of the samples significantly increased NK cell activity. (agelessway.org)
The percentage of CD56(bright) cells was significantly higher than the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)
The frequency of CD3+CD56- T cells was significantly lower in both the chronic and resolved groups compared to the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)

The main challenge for the success of this approach is to obtain a great quantity of activated NK cells for adoptive transfer. (springer.com)

Transcriptome analysis of a small patient cohort of CD56 bright compared to CD56 dim NK cells found the NK reg cells to also overexpress Granzyme K, IL-7R, GPR183, RANK, GM-CSFR, TCF7, and IL23A. (haematologica.org)

Trogocytosis is an active process that transfers surface material from targeted to effector cells. (nature.com)

Results In Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ mice, we detected no developmental or homeostatic difference in NK cells. (bmj.com)

Protein kinase C regulates human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. (rndsystems.com)
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: RANK protein was immunohistochemically stained on pre-therapeutic core biopsies from patients of the GeparX study (n=667) with the antibody RANK/Envision System HRP (DAB) and was analyzed for the percentage of membranous RANK tumor cell staining (>5 % RANKhighvs. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy33

Organisms12

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes40

Information Science3

Receptors23

Vitro18

ADCC19

Primary NK cells4

Tumor cells8

CD1621

Mononuclear cells3

Proliferation8

Inhibitory2

Cytokine secretion2

Potential role of NK cells2

Phenotype6

Monocytes3

Vivo7

Natural37

Human NK cells2

Antibodies2

Peripheral blood1

Tumors4

Immunology1

Lysis5

Subsets1

Innate immune3

Antitumor3

Lymphocyte4

Mediate3

Antigens1

Abstract2

Assay3

Degranulation2

Responses5

Assays2

Play a pivotal role1

Activate2

Differentiation4

Inhibit3

Activation15

Methods3

Exhaustion2

Immunotherapy5

Macrophages3

Anti-tumor activity1

Bone marrow5

Immune response3

Cytotoxic activity2

Mechanism2

Allogeneic3

Therapies4

Molecules1

Expression4

Functional2

Antigen9

Perforin1

Induce3

Hematopoietic stem cell trans4

Dendritic3

Mesenchymal stem1

Proteins3

Significantly3

Adoptive transfer1

Overexpress1

Effector cells1

CISH1

Protein2