Chemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Nitrogen CompoundsNitrogen OxidesNitratesNitrogenAmmoniaNitrogen FixationQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsNitrogen DioxideCarbonVehicle EmissionsNitritesNitric OxideExplosive AgentsAir PollutantsAir PollutionNitric Oxide SynthaseSulfur DioxideOzoneNitroso CompoundsGasesParticulate MatterArginineEnvironmental MonitoringPentanesNitrogen IsotopesNitrogen CycleBlood Urea NitrogenNitrous OxideAtmospherePeroxynitrous Acid
VolatileDioxideAmmoniaEmissionsNitricParticulateVOCsGasesLevels of nitrogenNitrous oxideReactive nitrogenOxygenChlorineNitratesHumansAtmosphereComponent of smogReductionsCombustionExposureSubstancesMoleculeInorganicExcessParticlesNitrationPollutionSpeciesEmissionEcosystemsCriteriaAmountsFumesInputsMolecularSubstanceChemicalPrimarilyClimate
Volatile26
  • We evaluate vertical profiles of trace gas species including O 3 , nitrogen oxides ( NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and relate to rates of O 3 production. (copernicus.org)
  • The most commonly reported categories of substances were other inorganic substances (excluding chemicals in the categories of acids, bases, ammonia, and chlorine), volatile organic compounds, and mixtures involving substances from different categories that were mixed or formed from a reaction before release. (cdc.gov)
  • The European emission ceilings for sulfur dioxide, ammonia and volatile organic compounds are not being exceeded. (europa.eu)
  • These locations had high concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated from industry and vehicle emissions. (uh.edu)
  • At the Earth's surface, the ingredients for making ozone are nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (organic chemicals that vaporize easily). (nasa.gov)
  • These maps show a satellite-based approach to deciding when it would be more effective to reduce nitrogen oxides and when it would be more effective to reduce volatile organic compounds. (nasa.gov)
  • Based on data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite, the maps show the relative amounts of the volatile organic compound formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide in July and September 2005. (nasa.gov)
  • Across virtually all of the United States, the ratio of formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide is greater than 1 (yellow, orange, red) throughout the summer months, despite the seasonal decline in naturally produced volatile organics. (nasa.gov)
  • Since there are plenty of naturally produced volatile organics in the air in most places, ozone production is limited by the amount of nitrogen oxides. (nasa.gov)
  • tighter regulation of manmade volatile organic compounds would more effectively stop ozone formation in these urban areas. (nasa.gov)
  • Ozone, or photochemical smog, is produced in the lower atmosphere by the action of sunlight on oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (newscientist.com)
  • sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM 2.5). (data.gov.uk)
  • Ozone in the lower air layer (the troposphere) at ground level is formed on hot days by the influence of sunlight (UV of ultraviolet light) on air polluted with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. (irceline.be)
  • enough nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) have to be present in the atmosphere, and in correct ratios. (irceline.be)
  • This paper describes the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using an e-nose system based on a virtual sensor array (VSA). (researchgate.net)
  • This corrosive three-atom molecule of oxygen forms in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction involving sunlight, nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds. (sltrib.com)
  • This pollutant is catalytically produced in the photochemical reactions that involve volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. (purdue.edu)
  • Among all the volatile organic compounds emitted into the atmosphere, isoprene is the most important non-methane organic compounds, marked by its high emission rate and high photochemical reactivity. (purdue.edu)
  • Since 2000, the Parties also have made good progress in reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and further reducing emissions of NOx, to address ground-level ozone in the border region. (state.gov)
  • NOx and volatile organic compounds can also produce ozone, a highly corrosive pollutant which CPVC successfully defends against. (lubrizol.com)
  • The fifth environmental action programme emission reduction targets for 2000 will be achieved for sulphur dioxide, but are unlikely to be met for nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (europa.eu)
  • Pollutants with the strongest evidence for public health concern are fine particulate matter1 and gases (mainly carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and volatile organic compounds). (who.int)
  • To achieve these objectives, SO2 emissions will need to decrease by 82%, NOx emissions by 60%, volatile organic compounds * (VOCs) by 51%, ammonia by 27%, and primary PM2.5 (particles emitted directly into the air) by 59% compared with the year 2000. (europa.eu)
  • In addition, estimated averaged emissions reduction in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown were reported (−33% for nitrogen oxides (NO x ), −8% for non-methane volatile organic compounds, −7% for sulfur oxides (SO x ), and −7% for PM2.5) with an 85% contribution of the road transport to the total reductions expect for SO 2 for which reductions were mainly driven by the energy and manufacturing industry sectors 17 . (nature.com)
  • NIOSH investigators conducted site visits at the four airports, collecting general area and personal breathing zone (PBZ) air samples for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), diesel exhaust particulate (measured as elemental carbon [EC]), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (cdc.gov)
  • Substances like biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), the various nitrogen oxides, carbonaceous particles, ozone or methane act in the atmosphere either directly as greenhouse gases and aerosols, or as key precursors for greenhouse gases and secondary organic aerosol. (lu.se)
Dioxide30
  • Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula NO2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitrogen dioxide is a paramagnetic, bent molecule with C2v point group symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike ozone (O3) the ground electronic state of nitrogen dioxide is a doublet state, since nitrogen has one unpaired electron, which decreases the alpha effect compared with nitrite and creates a weak bonding interaction with the oxygen lone pairs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitrogen dioxide typically arises via the oxidation of nitric oxide by oxygen in air (e.g. as result of corona discharge): NO + 1⁄2 O2 → NO2 Nitrogen dioxide is formed in most combustion processes using air as the oxidant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide have been found in at least 9 and 6 of the 1,585 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitric oxide is a sharp sweet-smelling gas at room temperature, whereas nitrogen dioxide has a strong, harsh odor and is a liquid at room temperature, becoming a reddish-brown gas above 70°F. (cdc.gov)
  • The reaction of nitrogen dioxide with chemicals produced by sunlight leads to the formation of nitric acid, which is a major constituent of acid rain. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrogen dioxide also reacts with sunlight, which leads to the formation of ozone and smog conditions in the air we breathe. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are found in tobacco smoke, so people who smoke or breathe in second-hand smoke may be exposed to nitrogen oxides. (cdc.gov)
  • If you were to come into skin or eye contact with high concentrations of nitrogen oxide gases or nitrogen dioxide liquid, you would likely experience serious burns. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitric oxide should not be confused with nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), a brown gas and major air pollutant , or with nitrous oxide (N 2 O), an anesthetic gas. (wikiwand.com)
  • The annual average concentrations for most air pollutants, such as particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, show a long-term decline. (europa.eu)
  • All but two of London's boroughs are exceeding EU limits for nitrogen dioxide, a toxic gas linked to respiratory problems. (gshp.org.uk)
  • Over 50 locations in London exceed the EU legal limits for nitrogen dioxide by two and a half times. (gshp.org.uk)
  • In other words, formaldehyde is more abundant than nitrogen dioxide. (nasa.gov)
  • Where urban development is extensive enough, however, the ratio of formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide shifts to less than 1 (purple, blue, green). (nasa.gov)
  • In combustion emits toxic fumes of carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, aromatic compounds, depending on thermal conditions. (europa.eu)
  • He conducted the analysis using data from Utah Division of Air Quality monitoring stations that record ambient concentrations of various pollutants, as well as from satellite imagery that shows nitrogen oxide levels and ground-based sensors that record carbon dioxide emissions . (sltrib.com)
  • Levels of nitric oxide, NO, were 57% lower than average for March, and 36% lower for nitrogen dioxide, NO2, which forms in the atmosphere. (sltrib.com)
  • Both Parties have made excellent progress in achieving reductions in emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), the two major pollutants leading to acidic deposition. (state.gov)
  • Among the main pollutants from coal-fired power plants are nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide. (bioedonline.org)
  • What particularly surprised the researchers is that these reductions were larger than would have been expected on the basis of the estimated emissions from power plants: the plants are thought to contribute only 20% of the nitrogen oxides and 70% of the sulphur dioxide in US air. (bioedonline.org)
  • The good news, Dickerson says, is that many of the dirty old power plants on the Ohio River are scheduled for big reductions in nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide emissions over the next couple of years. (bioedonline.org)
  • The proposed EU and national 2010 targets for sulphur dioxide appear achievable, but reaching those for nitrogen oxide, ammonia and VOC emissions will require substantial further reductions and additional policies and measures in most Member States. (europa.eu)
  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is a reddish-brown gas that has a sharp, harsh odor at higher concentrations but may be clear and odorless at lower, but still harmful, concentrations. (medscape.com)
  • Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema following exposure to nitrogen dioxide. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) toxicity largely depends on the history of exposure. (medscape.com)
  • Harmful effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) often occur from either high-level short-term or low-level long-term exposures. (medscape.com)
  • The 6 pollutants that account for the large majority of air pollution worldwide and for which standards are usually specified include carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), lead (Pb) and suspended particulate matter (SPM). (who.int)
  • NOx are generally reported as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). (who.int)
Ammonia4
Emissions9
  • Mr Zaehle, what are the main sources of nitrogen emissions? (mpg.de)
  • What consequences do the emissions of the various nitrogen compounds have for humans and the environment? (mpg.de)
  • Finally, nitrous oxide emissions damage the climate. (mpg.de)
  • Because of the diesel scandal, nitrogen oxide emissions from road traffic are now in the spotlight. (mpg.de)
  • The " Heavy-Duty Low NO x Omnibus Regulation " will require manufacturers to comply with tougher emissions standards, overhaul engine testing procedures, and further extend engine warranties to ensure that emissions of NO x (oxides of nitrogen, a key component of smog) are reduced to help California meet federal air quality standards and public health goals. (greencarcongress.com)
  • At a result, levels of nitrogen oxide, a key component of tailpipe emissions, plunged, as did fine particulate pollution, according to the new analysis . (sltrib.com)
  • EVs have zero tailpipe emissions and reduce carbon monoxide emissions, nitrogen oxide emissions and other toxic compounds. (thprd.org)
  • Gasoline-powered tug tailpipe emissions for hydrocarbons (HC), CO, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were measured at two airports while the tugs idled. (cdc.gov)
  • This includes representation of the full terrestrial nitrogen cycle and hence emissions of nitrogen oxides, emissions of BVOC, accounting for wetlands and emissions of methane, and inclusion of fire as a naturally- or anthropogenically-caused episodic event. (lu.se)
Nitric13
  • Nitrogen oxides are used in the production of nitric acid, lacquers, dyes, and other chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • Small amounts of nitrogen oxides may evaporate from water, but most of it will react with water and form nitric acid. (cdc.gov)
  • However, most of it will be converted to nitric acid or other compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Workers employed in facilities that produce nitric acid or certain explosives like dynamite and trinitrotoluene (TNT), as well as workers involved in the welding of metals may breath in nitrogen oxides during their work. (cdc.gov)
  • Can you list the top facts and stats about Nitric oxide? (wikiwand.com)
  • Nitric oxide ( nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide [1] ) is a colorless gas with the formula NO . It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen . (wikiwand.com)
  • NO). Nitric oxide is also a heteronuclear diatomic molecule , a class of molecules whose study spawned early modern theories of chemical bonding . (wikiwand.com)
  • An important intermediate in industrial chemistry , nitric oxide forms in combustion systems and can be generated by lightning in thunderstorms. (wikiwand.com)
  • In mammals, including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule in many physiological and pathological processes. (wikiwand.com)
  • However, when nitric oxide is sequestered by an organic compound to form an organic nitrate, the nitric oxide is removed from the catalytic cycle that forms ozone. (purdue.edu)
  • Katrina Miranda, PhD, claims nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized in the body via enzymatic oxidation of L-arginine, is critical to numerous physiological functions, but also can contribute to the severity of diseases such as cancer or pathophysiological conditions such as stroke. (bio5.org)
  • Using predicted physiological concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on low numbers of CFU of B. bronchiseptica, all redox active species displayed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity. (bio5.org)
  • A potential of about-0.8 (±0.2) V (at 1 M versus normal hydrogen electrode) for the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to its one-electron reduced species, nitroxyl anion ( 3 NO - ) has been determined by a combination of quantum mechanical calculations, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and chemical reduction experiments. (bio5.org)
Particulate1
VOCs2
  • Nitrogen oxides combined with VOCs form ozone under sunlight. (uh.edu)
  • About 75 per cent of oxides of nitrogen and 50 per cent of VOCs in urban areas come from motor vehicle exhausts. (newscientist.com)
Gases3
  • Nitrogen oxides are a mixture of gases that are composed of nitrogen and oxygen. (cdc.gov)
  • Most forms of space heating are based on combustion of gas, oil, coal or biomass: all forms of combustion emit gases including nitrous oxides, sulfur oxides and soot. (gshp.org.uk)
  • Welders are exposed to a range of fumes and gases (evaporated metal, metal oxides, hydrocarbons, nanoparticles, ozone, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) ) depending on the electrodes, filler wire and flux materials used in the process, but also physical exposures such as electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (who.int)
Levels of nitrogen6
  • Exposure to high levels of nitrogen oxides can damage the respiratory airways. (cdc.gov)
  • People who live near combustion sources such as coal burning power plants or areas with heavy motor vehicle use may be exposed to higher levels of nitrogen oxides. (cdc.gov)
  • Households that burn a lot of wood or use kerosene heaters and gas stoves tend to have higher levels of nitrogen oxides in them when compared to houses without these appliances. (cdc.gov)
  • Low levels of nitrogen oxides in the air can irritate your eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, possibly causing you to cough and experience shortness of breath, tiredness, and nausea. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing high levels of nitrogen oxides can cause rapid burning, spasms, and swelling of tissues in the throat and upper respiratory tract, reduced oxygenation of body tissues, a build-up of fluid in your lungs, and death. (cdc.gov)
  • Most plants cannot tolerate synthetic fertilisers or high levels of nitrogen. (soilassociation.org)
Nitrous oxide3
Reactive nitrogen3
  • As reactive nitrogen is soluble, it can easily make its way into watercourses. (soilassociation.org)
  • Upon initial interaction with the host upper respiratory tract mucosa, B. bronchiseptica are subjected to antimicrobial reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), effector molecules of the innate immune system. (bio5.org)
  • Alpine environments are particularly vulnerable to large inputs of reactive nitrogen because of the sparse cover of vegetation, short growing seasons, large areas of exposed bedrock and talus, and snowmelt nutrient releases (Williams et al. (nps.gov)
Oxygen4
  • 261.9 K). The bond length between the nitrogen atom and the oxygen atom is 119.7 pm. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the general public, the most prominent sources of NO2 are internal combustion engines, as combustion temperatures are high enough to thermally combine some of the nitrogen and oxygen in the air to form NO2. (wikipedia.org)
  • What's more, the molecule consists only of nitrogen and oxygen, which would make the rocket fuel environmentally friendly. (phys.org)
  • As mentioned, what is specific to this molecule is that it contains only nitrogen and oxygen. (phys.org)
Chlorine1
Nitrates2
  • NO2 is used to generate anhydrous metal nitrates from the oxides: MO + 3 NO2 → M(NO3)2 + NO Alkyl and metal iodides give the corresponding nitrates: TiI4 + 8 NO2 → Ti(NO3)4 + 4 NO + 2 I2 NO2 is introduced into the environment by natural causes, including entry from the stratosphere, bacterial respiration, volcanos, and lightning. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, when organic nitrates decompose and release nitrogen oxides back into the atmosphere, ozone formation is enhanced again. (purdue.edu)
Humans2
Atmosphere5
  • Nitrogen oxides are broken down rapidly in the atmosphere by reacting with other substances commonly found in the air. (cdc.gov)
  • The advantage of this is that the nitrogen is organically bound and not washed out so quickly or released into the atmosphere. (mpg.de)
  • Ozone-depleting substances were frequently used in the chemical industry, for example as coolant or as disinfectant in agriculture, and are very stable chemical compounds, allowing them to remain in the atmosphere for a long time. (irceline.be)
  • Nitrogen makes up 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. (soilassociation.org)
  • It is estimated that for this unsaturated carbonyl nitrate, photolysis is its dominant atmospheric degradation pathway, instead of reaction with OH, which is the most important loss mechanism for most organic compounds in the atmosphere. (purdue.edu)
Component of smog1
  • Nitrogen oxides react with other compounds in the air to produce ozone, a prime component of smog and a cause of respiratory problems. (bioedonline.org)
Reductions2
  • Further reductions of nitrogen oxides, then, would be the best way to limit ozone production in most places. (nasa.gov)
  • Nitrogen oxide, NOx, levels were lower due to traffic reductions, especially during rush hour peaks. (sltrib.com)
Combustion1
  • To decarbonise heating we need to put a stop to combustion of carbon compounds. (gshp.org.uk)
Exposure1
  • Fifth, she will identify of potential targets, such as enzymes, for treatment of disease through exposure to nitrogen oxide donors. (bio5.org)
Substances1
  • Air pollution seriously damages human health and the environment: respiratory problems, premature deaths, eutrophication * and damage to ecosystems as a result of the deposition of nitrogen and acidic substances are some of the consequences of this problem which is both local and transfrontier in nature. (europa.eu)
Molecule2
  • Working with a research team at KTH, he discovered a new molecule in the nitrogen oxide group, which is not something that happens every day. (phys.org)
  • It was while the scientists were studying the breakdown of another compound, using quantum chemistry computations, that they understood that the new molecule could be stable. (phys.org)
Inorganic1
  • NOx is generated from many processes including nitration process, for both organic and several inorganic compounds (including a few important metals). (chinaqualitycrafts.com)
Excess3
Particles1
  • Fume particles contain a wide variety of oxides and salts of metals and other compounds, which are produced mainly from electrodes, filler wire and flux materials. (who.int)
Nitration1
  • Nitrogen oxides are also used in rocket fuels, nitration of organic chemicals, and the manufacture of explosives. (cdc.gov)
Pollution4
  • Nitrogen pollution causes nitrogen-tolerant species to thrive and outcompete more sensitive wild plants and fungi. (soilassociation.org)
  • Nitrogen pollution can also impact upon fish and other aquatic life. (soilassociation.org)
  • In some areas, like the Gulf of Mexico, the effects of nitrogen pollution from farming are so severe, it's resulted in a marine 'dead zone' the size of Wales . (soilassociation.org)
  • 2019) used a U.S. Forest Service national survey to develop critical loads of nitrogen (N) and critical loads of sulfur (S) to prevent more than a 20% decline in four lichen community metrics: total species richness, pollution sensitive species richness, forage lichen abundance, and cyanolichen abundance. (nps.gov)
Species1
  • First, she will work on the development and utilization of analytical techniques for detection and measurement of NO and other nitrogen oxides as well as the resultant chemistry of these species. (bio5.org)
Emission1
Ecosystems3
  • Nitrogen compounds in air and water affect human health and endanger ecosystems. (mpg.de)
  • Sönke Zaehle at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry is investigating how the nitrogen balance of natural ecosystems affects their ability to store carbon. (mpg.de)
  • You are researching how natural ecosystems - especially forests - are linked to the nitrogen and carbon balance. (mpg.de)
Criteria1
Amounts2
Fumes1
  • Fumes from the welding of stainless-steel and other alloys contain nickel compounds and chromium[VI] and [III]. (who.int)
Inputs1
  • Atmospheric inputs of the mineral elements nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) were found to be substantial, and these elements accumulated in the system over time. (springer.com)
Molecular1
  • As a whole, Dr. Miranda is interested in elucidating the fundamental molecular redox chemistry of NO and in developing compounds to deliver or scavenge NO and other nitrogen oxides. (bio5.org)
Substance1
Chemical2
  • NO can also be readily converted to higher nitrogen oxides such as N2O3 or ONOOH, which have very different chemical and biological properties. (bio5.org)
  • Third, it's necessary to describe chemical characterization of these compounds (spectroscopic features, kinetics, mechanisms and profiles of nitrogen oxide release, etc. (bio5.org)
Primarily1
Climate1
  • The amount of CO 2 that plants can absorb depends not only on the climate but also on the CO 2 content of the air and the nitrogen content of the soil. (mpg.de)