• These results demonstrate an arrangement by which NO and fetal hemoglobin inducers may stimulate globin genes in erythroid cells via the common paracrine effect of bone marrow stromal cells. (ac.rs)
  • In addition to numerous flavohemoglobins, many distantly related members of the hemoglobin superfamily including the muscle myoglobin, the non-symbiotic plant hemoglobin and symbiotic plant leghemoglobin, the neuronal neuroglobin, and the mammalian cytoplasmic cytoglobin appear to function as nitric oxide dioxygenases (NODs), although the cellular electron donor(s) for many globins have yet to be defined. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, nitric oxide dioxygenase (around 1.8 billion years ago) served to provide the modern day analogue of hemoglobin/myoglobin function for oxygen storage and transport. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Antarctic icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus lacks the globins common to most vertebrates, hemoglobin and myoglobin, but has retained neuroglobin in the brain. (uchile.cl)
  • In hypoxia, erythrocytic hemoglobin tetramers produce nitric oxide through nitrite reduction. (bilead.cn)
  • Hemoglobin is involved in the transport of other gases: It carries some of the body's respiratory carbon dioxide (about 20-25% of the total [9] ) as carbaminohemoglobin , in which CO 2 is bound to the globin protein. (ipfs.io)
  • The name hemoglobin is derived from the words heme and globin , reflecting the fact that each subunit of hemoglobin is a globular protein with an embedded heme group. (ipfs.io)
  • Hemoglobin consists of protein subunits (the "globin" molecules), and these proteins, in turn, are folded chains of a large number of different amino acids called polypeptides . (ipfs.io)
  • previously showed that a mutant form of Ngb reduces nitrite to nitric oxide 50x faster than myoglobin and 500x faster than hemoglobin. (wfu.edu)
  • 2009. Role of Pre-A motif in nitric oxide scavenging by truncated hemoglobin, HbN, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (ub.edu)
  • strong class="kwd-title" Keywords: sickle cell disease, pulmonary hypertension, nitric oxide, cell free hemoglobin sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disease caused by stage mutations in the gene that encodes the -globin stores of hemoglobin. (bibf1120.com)
  • A couple of two alleles coding for -globin, and two -globin substances match two -globins (encoded by 4 alleles) to create the standard hemoglobin tetramer. (bibf1120.com)
  • In early fetal lifestyle until early infancy -globin is normally portrayed rather than the -globin and combines with -globins to create fetal hemoglobin (HbF) tetramers. (bibf1120.com)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobin, HbN, is endowed with a potent nitric-oxide dioxygenase activity and has been found to relieve nitrosative stress and enhance in vivo survival of a heterologous host, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, within the macrophages. (irbbarcelona.org)
  • DNA polymorphisms at the BCL11A, HBS1L-MYB, and beta-globin loci associate with fetal hemoglobin levels and pain crises in sickle cell disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, the globins from the lamprey, sea hare and the legumes are as distant from one another as are α-hemoglobin and β-hemoglobin from myoglobin. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The flavohemoglobin protein contains two domains: an oxidoreductase FAD-binding domain, and a b-type heme-containing "globin" domain and optionally an oxidoreductase NAD-binding domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • In soluble guanylyl cyclase, heme serves as a protein cofactor for fundamental cellular processes, such as as the nitric oxide sensor, and thus plays an important role in electron transport in the respiratory chain, oxidative stress re- signal transduction. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • The protein carries a tunnel system composed of a short and a long tunnel branch that has been proposed to facilitate diatomic ligand migration to the heme and an unusual Pre-A motif at the N terminus, which does not contribute significantly to the structural integrity of the protein, as it protrudes out of the compact globin fold. (irbbarcelona.org)
  • When heme concentrations are low in the RBC , it shuts off production of globin chains. (en-academic.com)
  • Cross-Sectional Study for the Detection of Mutations in the Beta-Globin Gene Among Patients with Hemoglobinopathies in the Bengali Population. (cdc.gov)
  • Katie Carlberg, MD, of the Children's Hospital Oakland, is developing a noninvasive approach to prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in her study, "SNP Discovery and Characterization of the Human Beta-Globin Gene for Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing for Beta-Hemoglobinopathies. (thalassemia.org)
  • Beta thalassemia results from beta-globin gene mutations that impair beta-globin chain synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Background Myoglobin (Mb) and neuroglobin (Ngb) are representative members of pentacoordinated and bis-histidyl, hexacoordinated globins. (uchile.cl)
  • High pressure reveals structural determinants for globin hexacoordination: neuroglobin and myoglobin cases. (uchile.cl)
  • Structure, O2 binding, and reduction of globins appear optimized for a NO dioxygenase function. (wikipedia.org)
  • We conclude the presence of alpha globin in resistance artery endothelium acts as a nitrite reductase providing local nitric oxide in response to hypoxia. (bilead.cn)
  • 2008. A microscopic study of the deoxyhemoglobin-catalyzed generation of nitric oxide from nitrite anion . (ub.edu)
  • We have previously shown that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the hydroxyurea-induced increase of gamma-globin gene expression in cultured human erythroid progenitor cells and that hydroxyurea increases NO production in endothelial cells via endothelial NO synthase (NOS). (ac.rs)
  • In coculture studies of erythroid and stromal cells, we measured globin gene expression during stimulation by NO induers. (ac.rs)
  • We found that lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma together increased gamma-globin gene expression (up to twofold) in human macrophage/erythroid cell cocultures. (ac.rs)
  • Coculture of human bone marrow endothelial cells with erythroid progenitor cells also induced gamma-globin mRNA expression (2.4-fold) in the presence of hydroxyurea (40 mu M). Conclusion. (ac.rs)
  • She will also be experimenting with homology directed recombination of JMML intron enhancer mutation into human erythroid progenitor HuDEP-2 cells to test the effect on erythroid differentiation and globin gene expression. (thalassemia.org)
  • This cascade is known to effect mammalian erythroid globin synthesis through HRI1P and HRI2P. (en-academic.com)
  • Although the novel hexaco-ordinated globin cytoglobin was identified in activated hepatic stellate cells more than 10 years ago, its role in stellate cell biology and liver fibrosis remains enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (generated by free globin chains and labile plasma iron) is believed to be one of the main contributors to cell injury, tissue damage, and hypercoagulability in patients with thalassemia. (hindawi.com)
  • The molecule also carries the important regulatory molecule nitric oxide bound to a globin protein thiol group, releasing it at the same time as oxygen. (ipfs.io)
  • Various other substance heterozygote inheritance patterns can result in sickle cell disease, such as for example HbS-beta thalassemic mutations, where in fact the thalassemia mutation reduces the appearance of a standard -globin protein and for that reason enhances the comparative appearance from the mutant -sickle globin and HbS. (bibf1120.com)
  • Nitric oxide (NO) is formed from an inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as part of the host antimicrobial defence program [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we create two mouse strains to test this: an endothelial-specific alpha globin knockout (EC Hba1Δ/Δ) and another with an alpha globin allele mutated to prevent alpha globin's inhibitory interaction with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Hba1WT/Δ36-39). (bilead.cn)
  • The various other common type of sickle cell disease is normally HbSC disease, due to dual mutations in both -globin alleles, one coding for the glutamic acid-to-valine substitution as well as the various other for the valine-to-lysine substitution. (bibf1120.com)
  • The development of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for AR disorders has proven challenging as it requires knowing which allele was transmitted to the fetus from each parent… We will investigate an indirect method that involves calculating the ratio of sequence reads for the two maternal beta-globin alleles and compareing this ratio from the maternal plasma DNA to the maternal whole blood DNA. (thalassemia.org)
  • Sickle cell anemia - Nitric oxide related genetic modifiers of hematological and biochemical parameters. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-symbiotic globin class #1 (Glb1) genes are expressed in different plant organs, have a high affinity for oxygen, and are related to nitric oxide (NO) turnover. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are a number of reactive nitrogen oxide species, such as N2O3 and ONOO-, that can alter critical cellular components under high local concentrations of NO. However, NO can also abate the oxidation chemistry mediated by reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and O2- that occurs at physiological levels of NO. In addition to the antioxidant chemistry, NO protects against cell death mediated by H2O2, alkylhydroperoxides, and xanthine oxidase. (researchgate.net)
  • Although the biological function of SHP has yet to be identified, SHP has been shown, that with oxygen bound, it can react rapidly with nitric oxide to form nitrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] In these organisms, hemoglobins may carry oxygen, or they may act to transport and regulate other small molecules and ions such as carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfide. (ipfs.io)
  • In this, Nitrogen from atmosphere combines with atmospheric oxygen to form nitric oxide. (biokaryon.com)
  • If meat has been exposed to nitrites, it will remain pink because the iron atom is bound to NO, nitric oxide (true of, e.g., corned beef or cured hams). (bionity.com)
  • Additionally, flavoHbs have been shown to protect bacteria, yeast, and Dictyostelium discoideum against growth inhibition and damage mediated via NO. Nitric oxide dioxygenase was discovered, and first reported in 1998, as an inducible O2-dependent enzymatic activity that protected bacteria against nitric oxide toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have now expanded those studies to demonstrate that stimulation of gamma-globin gene expression is also mediated by NOS induction in stromal cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. (ac.rs)
  • Strikingly, deletion of Pre-A region from the M. tuberculosis HbN drastically reduces its ability to scavenge nitric oxide (NO), whereas its insertion at the N terminus of Pre-A lacking HbN of Mycobacterium smegmatis improved its nitric-oxide dioxygenase activity. (irbbarcelona.org)
  • Accelerated rates of globin evolution were found in lineages of cold-blooded vertebrates, some marsupials, and early placental mammals, while slower rates were found in warm-blooded vertebrates, especially higher primates. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The thalassemias are a group of inherited disorders in which globin chain production is reduced or absent. (medscape.com)
  • The net reaction for the reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide dioxygenase is shown below: 2NO + 2O2 + NAD(P)H → 2NO3− + NAD(P)+ + H+ Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous small molecule that is integrated in a wide variety of physiological processes including smooth muscle vasodilation, platelet disaggregation, neurotransmission, and immune response to bacterial infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Janus face of nitric oxide (NO) has prompted a debate as to whether NO plays a deleterious or protective role in tissue injury. (researchgate.net)