SynthaseBioavailabilityDisorders of biopterinEndotheliumOxidativeSynthesisSuperoxide productionTetrahydrobiopterinBiosynthesisRecycling in cardiovascularMetabolismBiologicalLevelsCompoundStudySpecificCellsCofactorENOSOxidative stressInducibleMiceSuperoxideSynthase activityVascularDihydrofolateNeurotransmittersNeuronalCatecholaminesContributesInhibitorsRedoxRegulationProductionMoodUniqueFormImprove
Synthase8
- The results presented here support previous suggestions, based on experiments with isolated enzymes, that BH4 is absolutely required for cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide production in macrophages and they suggest that only a small fraction of the total intracellular BH4 pool in macrophages is utilized in the production of fully active nitric oxide synthase. (aspetjournals.org)
- The hyperemic response to heating after a specific nitric oxide-synthase inhibitor L-N-arginine-methyl-ester administration, versus a saline solution, allowed further characterization of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
- In addition to hydroxylating aromatic amino acids, BH4 serves as the cofactor for nitric oxide synthase and glyceryl-ether mono-oxygenase. (medscape.com)
- Although BH4 is absolutely essential for nitric oxide synthase activity, its exact biochemical function with different forms of the enzyme and its mechanism of action remain to be defined. (medscape.com)
- In cases of such stress, it was observed that BH4 itself, sepiapterin, folic acid, resveratrol, and a small-molecular-weight compound AVE3085 have the ability to recouple endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and improve endothelial function. (medscape.com)
- [ 12 ] BH4 deficiency converts neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) into an efficient peroxynitrite synthase, which is responsible for the increase in neuronal vulnerability to hypoxia-induced mitochondrial damage and necrosis. (medscape.com)
- Rapid, direct effects of statin treatment on arterial redox state and nitric oxide bioavailability in human atherosclerosis via tetrahydrobiopterin-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase coupling. (krakow.pl)
- Reducing oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity has been shown to be protective in cell or animal models of MPP(+) toxicity. (ox.ac.uk)
Bioavailability4
- Despite of the fact that there are several strategies aiming to improve endothelial dysfunction by enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability, it is still unclear whether they could be beneficial at a clinical level. (ox.ac.uk)
- Background: Reduced endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability, a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, is commonly encountered in cardiovascular diseases. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
- The aim of the study was to address the effects of intermittent «Ramadan-type» fasting on endothelial function, nitric oxide bioavailability, biological parameters and blood pressure. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
- Increased nitric oxide bioavailability during this period was negatively related to rises in serum triglycerides and blood urea nitrogen. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
Disorders of biopterin3
- A number of disorders of biopterin regulation exist. (wikipedia.org)
- The outcome of patients with disorders of biopterin synthesis can be favorable, with either normal or near-normal cognition, and with some residual neurological symptoms usually manifesting diurnal variation, that is, worst when patients become tired or when the dosage or interval for medications is inadequate. (thieme-connect.de)
- 3 Longo N. Disorders of biopterin metabolism. (thieme-connect.de)
Endothelium2
- His primary areas of study are Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Endothelium, Cardiology and Nitric oxide. (research.com)
- Internal medicine is a component of his Nitric oxide, Myocardial infarction, Endothelium, Ejection fraction and Pulmonary hypertension studies. (research.com)
Oxidative2
- In WT mice, induction of diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ) increased vascular oxidative stress, resulting in oxidative loss of BH4, forming BH2 and biopterin. (ox.ac.uk)
- Intermittent fasting reduces serum markers of oxidative stress, while nitric oxide levels may rise. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
Synthesis4
- Nitric oxide synthesis also uses biopterin derivatives as cofactors. (wikipedia.org)
- Single-gene defects affecting the gene GCH1 block the first step in biopterin synthesis, and lead to dopamine-responsive dystonia, also known as Segawa's syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- Mouse gene knockout models that block biopterin synthesis completely die shortly after birth due to their inability to produce catecholamines and neurotransmitters. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, these studies revealed that N-acetylserotonin has a direct inhibitory effect on nitric oxide synthesis, acting in a BH4-independent manner. (aspetjournals.org)
Superoxide production1
Tetrahydrobiopterin5
- Tetrahydrobiopterin is required for cytokine-induced nitric oxide production in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264). (aspetjournals.org)
- The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264 constitutively synthesizes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the cofactor required for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids and for the production of nitric oxide. (aspetjournals.org)
- Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent preservation of nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function in diabetes by targeted transgenic GTP-cyclohydrolase I overexpression. (ox.ac.uk)
- Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a natural and essential cofactor for the enzymatic hydroxylation of phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr), and for two tryptophan hydroxylases, three nitric oxide synthases, and glyceryl-ether monooxygenase. (thieme-connect.de)
- Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies are disorders that affect phenylalanine (Phe) homeostasis, as well as brain biosynthesis of catecholamine, serotonin, and (occasionally) nitric oxide. (medscape.com)
Biosynthesis1
- When the cells were stimulated in the presence of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP), an inhibitor of BH4 biosynthesis, biopterin levels decreased by 90% within 6 hr, whereas nitrite production was essentially unaffected. (aspetjournals.org)
Recycling in cardiovascular1
Metabolism1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110633 Neurological aspects of biopterin metabolism WiseGeek. (wikipedia.org)
Biological2
- The fully oxidized form, i.e. "biopterin" proper, has little biological significance. (wikipedia.org)
- Blood concentrations of neopterin and biopterin in subjects with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2022. (wikipedia.org)
Levels2
- Stimulation of the cells with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide induced the production of nitric oxide and increased BH4 levels further. (aspetjournals.org)
- Analysis of Plasma Biopterin Levels in Psychiatric Disorders Suggests a Common BH4 Deficit in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder. (serbsky.ru)
Compound1
- The prototypical compound of the class is biopterin (6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pterin), as shown in the infobox. (wikipedia.org)
Study2
- Nitric oxide and biopterin: a study in Chiaroscuro. (jci.org)
- His Nitric oxide study which covers Mesenteric arteries that intersects with Dihydrobiopterin and Biopterin. (research.com)
Specific1
- Bacteria produce several unique glycosides of biopterin (and of other pterins as well), using a specific BPt glucosyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Cells1
- MCF7 cells (a individual breasts adenocarcinoma cell series) were grown up in the RPMI moderate supplemented with 10% fetal leg serum 0.01 mg/ml insulin 100 Biopterin units/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Cofactor5
- 4. The Role of the BH4 Cofactor in Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Cancer Progression: Two Sides of the Same Coin. (nih.gov)
- H4-biopterin is a cofactor for hydroxylating aromatic amino acids - and is hence of crucial importance for neurotransmitter formation and phenylalanine degradation -, for nitric oxide (NO) formation from L-arginine - a key molecule for neurotransmission, blood pressure regulation and immune function -, and for alkylglycerol monooxygenase (glycerylether monooxygenase) - a little studied enzyme with (until 2010) unknown sequence (Figure 1). (i-med.ac.at)
- 6R)-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin (BH 4 ) is the rate-limiting cofactor in the production of catecholamine and indoleamine neurotransmitters and is also essential for the synthesis of nitric oxide by nitric-oxide synthase. (elsevierpure.com)
- Furthermore, hepatic levels of (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin (BH 4 ), a cofactor for NOS, were markedly reduced in arsenate-exposed rabbits to 62% of control, while no significant change occurred in cardiac L-arginine levels. (elsevierpure.com)
- In addition to hydroxylating aromatic amino acids, BH4 serves as the cofactor for nitric oxide synthase and glyceryl-ether mono-oxygenase. (medscape.com)
ENOS3
- 2. Metastatic Melanoma Progression Is Associated with Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling Induced by Loss of eNOS:BH4 Stoichiometry. (nih.gov)
- Taken together, these data reveal a key role for DHFR in regulating the BH4 vs BH2 ratio and eNOS coupling under conditions of low total biopterin availability in vivo. (qxmd.com)
- In cases of such stress, it was observed that BH4 itself, sepiapterin, folic acid, resveratrol, and a small-molecular-weight compound AVE3085 have the ability to recouple endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and improve endothelial function. (medscape.com)
Oxidative stress4
- To inform the vascular surgeons that oxidative stress can disrupt the biopterin system impairing vascular function. (vascular.org)
- In vascular disease states such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity is reduced and oxidative stress is increased, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. (ox.ac.uk)
- We have recently found evidence for impairment of nitric oxide (NO) formation and induction of oxidative stress in residents of an endemic area of chronic arsenic poisoning in Inner Mongolia, China. (elsevierpure.com)
- Reducing oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity has been shown to be protective in cell or animal models of MPP(+) toxicity. (ox.ac.uk)
Inducible3
- Profound biopterin oxidation and protein tyrosine nitration in tissues of ApoE-null mice on an atherogenic diet: contribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase. (ox.ac.uk)
- Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a key enzyme in the macrophage inflammatory response, which is the source of nitric oxide (NO) that is potently induced in response to proinflammatory stimuli. (ox.ac.uk)
- Alkylglycerol monooxygenase activity manipulation modulated the IFN-γ/lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist but not transforming growth factor β1, suggesting that alkylglycerol monooxygenase activity affects IFN-γ/lipopolysaccharide signaling. (ox.ac.uk)
Mice2
- 5. Uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cerebral vasculature of Tg2576 mice. (nih.gov)
- Macrophages from Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre mice lacked GTPCH protein and de novo biopterin biosynthesis. (ox.ac.uk)
Superoxide2
- We examined the associations between haplotypes of the GCH1 gene, GCH1 expression and biopterin levels, and the effects on endothelial function and vascular superoxide production. (nih.gov)
- 3. Imbalance between nitric oxide and superoxide anion induced by uncoupled nitric oxide synthase contributes to human melanoma development. (nih.gov)
Synthase activity1
- Although BH4 is absolutely essential for nitric oxide synthase activity, its exact biochemical function with different forms of the enzyme and its mechanism of action remain to be defined. (medscape.com)
Vascular1
- Diminished nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and enhanced peroxynitrite formation have been implicated as major contributors to atherosclerotic vascular dysfunctions. (ox.ac.uk)
Neurotransmitters1
- Low production of biopterin, leading to low neurotransmitters and depressed or altered mood. (geniusbiofeedback.com)
Neuronal2
- It has been shown that administration of cigarette smoke to rats leads to loss of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) activity and nNOS protein in penile tissue. (aspetjournals.org)
- 12] BH4 deficiency converts neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) into an efficient peroxynitrite synthase, which is responsible for the increase in neuronal vulnerability to hypoxia-induced mitochondrial damage and necrosis. (medscape.com)
Catecholamines1
- Increased production of catecholamines or nitric oxide cannot account for the enhancement of apoptosis by BH 4 . (elsevierpure.com)
Contributes1
- Adv Exp Med Biol 625:133В-140 Nare B, Garraway LA, Vickers TJ, Beverley SM (2009) PTR1-dependent unifying of tetrahydro- biopterin contributes to oxidant susceptibility in the trypanosomatid protozoan freeloader Leishmania major. (janmille.ru)
Inhibitors1
- scavenging enzyme Cu, Zn-SOD, as well as diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) or N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which are inhibitors for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). (elsevierpure.com)
Redox1
- Normal BH4 levels, nitric oxide production, and cellular redox state were restored by sepiapterin, a precursor of BH4 production by the salvage pathway, demonstrating that the effects of BH4 deficiency were reversible. (ox.ac.uk)
Regulation1
- A number of disorders of biopterin regulation exist. (wikipedia.org)
Production1
- Decreased production of nitric oxide in your body, which is important for healthy circulation and cardiovascular health? (geniusbiofeedback.com)
Mood1
- In psychiatry, imbalances of biopterin concentrations have been hypothesized to be linked to mood disorders, particularly depression. (wikipedia.org)
Unique1
- Bacteria produce several unique glycosides of biopterin (and of other pterins as well), using a specific BPt glucosyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Form1
- The fully oxidized form, i.e. "biopterin" proper, has little biological significance. (wikipedia.org)
Improve1
- Learn about the biopterin pathway and know how to improve your brain chemistry. (arielpolicano.com)