Nitrate and nitrite reductases. Medical search. Frequent questions

2001. Effects of pH, nitrite, and ascorbic acid on nonenzymatic nitric oxide generation and bacterial growth in urine. (cdc.gov)
Nitric Oxide Assay Kit (Colorimetric) ab65328 provides an accurate, convenient measure of total nitrate/nitrite in a simple two-step process. (abcam.com)
team found herbs like DanShen ( Salvia miltiorrhiza , aka Chinese Salvia or Red Sage) and GuaLou ( Trichosanthis krilowii ) "have profound nitric oxide bioactivity primarily through the enhancement of nitric oxide in the inner walls of blood vessels, but also through their ability to convert nitrite and nitrate into nitric oxide. (holisticprimarycare.net)
The switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration in the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans is orchestrated by the action of three FNR-type transcription regulators FnrP, NNR and NarR, which are sensors for oxygen, nitric oxide and nitrite, respectively. (nih.gov)
The nitric acid combines with various salts present in the soil to form nitrates and nitrates. (biokaryon.com)
The Nitric Oxide Detection Kit is a colorimetric assay for the indirect determination of Nitric Oxide concentrations based on the enzymatic conversion of nitrate to nitrite by a nitrate reductase. (ozbiosciences.com)
Nitrate can be synthesized endogenously from nitric oxide (especially in the case of inflammation), which reacts to form nitrite. (sleepadvice.ca)
Nitrite and nitric oxide can be produced and utilized from exogenous and endogenous sources. (sleepadvice.ca)
A schematic diagram of the physiologic disposition of nitrate, nitrite, and nitric oxide (NO) from exogenous (dietary) and endogenous sources. (sleepadvice.ca)
Nitrate can be reduced to nitrite and nitric oxide when needed physiologically or as part of pathological processes (see Figure 1). (sleepadvice.ca)
Nitrate can be reduced to nitrite and nitric oxide when needed physiologically or as part of pathological processes depending on local conditions such as inflammation and tissue oxygenation. (sleepadvice.ca)
Molybdoenzymes isolated from S. glanis liver can produce nitric oxide from nitrates and nitrites. (biotechlink.org)
Although still a relatively small company, NECi's nitrate reductase dominates the biomedical research market for nitric oxide synthase activity kits. (nitrate.com)

This reduction constitutes the first step in the assimilation of nitrate before obtaining the ammonium which is incorporated into Glutamate through GS/GOGAT pathway in chloroplast. (hindawi.com)
An enzyme found primarily in BACTERIA and FUNGI that catalyzes the oxidation of ammonium hydroxide to nitrite. (lookformedical.com)
Denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) are processes occurring simultaneously under oxygen-limited or anaerobic conditions, where both compete for nitrate and organic carbon. (essex.ac.uk)
This research investigated spatial-temporal variation in benthic bacterial community structure, rates of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) processes and abundances of corresponding genes and transcripts at three sites-the estuary-head, mid-estuary and the estuary mouth (EM) along the nitrate gradient of the Colne estuary over an annual cycle. (gla.ac.uk)
A total of 74 genes were induced in cells grown with nitrate as N-source compared with ammonium, including nasTSABGHC and ntrBC genes. (uea.ac.uk)
The nasTS and nasABGHC transcripts were detected at similar levels with nitrate or glutamate as N-source, but nasABGHC transcript was undetectable in ammonium-grown cells. (uea.ac.uk)
The nitrite reductase NasG subunit was detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in cytoplasmic fractions from nitrate-grown cells, but it was not observed when either ammonium or glutamate was used as the N-source. (uea.ac.uk)
On the contrary, the nasS mutant showed similar levels of the nasABGHC transcript to the wild-type strain and displayed NasG protein and NADH-nitrate reductase activity with all N-sources tested, except with ammonium. (uea.ac.uk)
Effect of ammonium or nitrate nutrition on net photosynthesis, growth, and activity of enzymes nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in blueberry, raspberry and strawberry. (org.in)
Nitrate, ammonium, and free amino acids content decreased with increased ketoprofen. (bvsalud.org)
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for growth and is readily available to microbes in many environments in the form of ammonium and nitrate. (ox.ac.uk)
Diverse species of bacteria that have an assimilatory nitrate/nitrite reductase system (NAS) can use nitrate or nitrite as the sole nitrogen source for growth when ammonium is limited. (ox.ac.uk)

the first step converts nitrate to nitrite by using nitrate reductase - the second step uses Griess Reagent to convert nitrite to a deep purple azo compound. (abcam.com)
Some also have an enzyme called nitrite reductase that can convert nitrite into nitrogen gas. (vumicro.com)

Abundance of gene markers for nitrate-reduction (nitrate reductase narG and napA), denitrification (nitrite reductase nirS) and DNRA (DNRA nitrite reductase nrfA) declined along the estuary with significant relationships between denitrification and nirS abundance, and DNRA and nrfA abundance. (gla.ac.uk)
These differences in nirK-gene abundance show that there is greater potential for denitrification in soil water under sugarcane, leading to low concentrations of nitrate in the underlying groundwater. (edu.au)

In enzymology, a ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (EC 1.7.7.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 oxidized ferredoxin ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nitrite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 7 H+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NH3, H2O, and oxidized ferredoxin, whereas its 3 products are nitrite, reduced ferredoxin, and H+. (wikipedia.org)

Oxidoreductases that are specific for the reduction of NITRATES. (lookformedical.com)
Nitrate reduction process generally mediated by anaerobic bacteria by which nitrogen available to plants is converted to a gaseous form and lost from the soil or water column. (lookformedical.com)
Nitrate Reduction Functional Genes and Nitrate Reduction Potentials Persist in Deeper Estuarine Sediments. (essex.ac.uk)
Nitrate reduction potentials measured in sediment depth profiles along the Colne estuary were in the upper range of nitrate reduction rates reported from other sediments and showed the existence of strong decreasing trends both with increasing depth and along the estuary. (essex.ac.uk)
For information on how to detect nitrate and nitrite reductase activity, refer to the nitrate reduction test . (vumicro.com)
This reaction is pH dependent, with no nitrate reduction occurring below pH 4 or above pH 9. (sleepadvice.ca)
His work was published in Nature ( Reduction of nitrate and nitrite in water by immobilized enzymes ) and attracted a flurry of press, drew business inquiries, and created a brand-new market for nitrate reductase. (nitrate.com)

However, pyrosequencing analysis did not detect any such organisms, leaving other bacteria, microbenthic algae, or foraminiferans which have also been shown to accumulate nitrate, as possible candidates. (essex.ac.uk)
Some bacteria have an enzyme called nitrate reductase that can convert nitrate to nitrite. (vumicro.com)
Enterosalivary circulation pathway (nitrate reductase activity of bacteria on the tongue generates nitrite and nitrite which is metabolized to NO in the stomach and circulation). (sleepadvice.ca)
Approximately 5%-10% of the total nitrate intake is converted to nitrite by bacteria in the saliva, stomach, and small intestine. (sleepadvice.ca)
This occurs in cases with low bacterial colony forming unit counts, or in recently voided or dilute urine as it can take up to four hours before the urinary enzyme nitrate reductase is converted by bacteria in urine. (chronicutiinfo.com)

It catalyzes the six-electron oxidation of AMMONIA to nitrite. (lookformedical.com)
Further ammonia is converted to nitrites and nitrates, so that plant roots can absorb them. (biokaryon.com)
Ammonia assimilation in the roots of nitrate- and ammonia- grown Hordeum vulgare (cv. (org.in)

In this work, we analyzed the protein composition of four strains (wild type, FnrP-, NNR- and NarR-mutant strains) grown aerobically, semiaerobically and semiaerobically in the presence of nitrate to discover the global role of FNR-family transcription regulators using proteomics, with data validation at the transcript and genome levels. (nih.gov)
How is the presence of nitrate reductase determined? (vumicro.com)

The most striking differences between D. ficus KS 0460 and D. radiodurans BAA-816 identified by the comparison of the KEGG pathways were as follows: (i) D. ficus lacks nine enzymes of purine degradation present in D. radiodurans , and (ii) D. ficus contains eight enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including nitrate and nitrite reductases, that D. radiodurans lacks. (escholarship.org)
Inorganic nitrate/nitrite does not undergo first pass metabolism. (sleepadvice.ca)
2004. Effects of nitrate nutrition on nitrogen metabolism in cassava. (org.in)
NECi was founded to commercialize nitrate reductase, the focus of Dr. W.H. (Bill) Campbell's academic research on plant metabolism. (nitrate.com)

The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (lookformedical.com)

Therapeutic uses of inorganic nitrite and nitrate: from the past to the future. (cdc.gov)
An increase in inorganic nitrite levels peaks around 3 hours post ingestion and can be detected about an hour after ingestion. (sleepadvice.ca)

For an assay kit to detect nitrite alone see Griess Reagent Kit ab234044 . (abcam.com)
Lavage supernatants were tested for nitrate/nitrite concentrations using Nitrate Reductase kit and Griess Reagent (Caymen Chemical) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (mek-signaling.com)

It occurs when there is a problem with an enzyme called cytochrome b5 reductase . (medlineplus.gov)
The pathway responsible for reducing most methemoglobin (95%-99%) back to hemoglobin is the NADH-dependant methemoglobin reductase system, in which the enzyme cytochrome-b5 reductase5plays a crucial role in a transfer of electrons from NADH to methemoglobin. (medscape.com)

The Committee at its forty-fourth meeting therefore based its safety evaluation on studies of toxicity with nitrite. (inchem.org)
The high pH of the infant gastrointestinal system makes them more susceptible to nitrite toxicity from elevated nitrate/nitrite ingestion. (sleepadvice.ca)

They released the first recombinant nitrate reductase to the market as a reliable and cost-effective reagent for nitrate detection. (nitrate.com)

1981. Accidental poisoning of two laboratory technologists with sodium nitrite. (cdc.gov)
Sodium tungstate was used in this study to implement nitrogen stress by inhibiting nitrate reductase (NR) in Dunaliella tertiolecta . (hindawi.com)
At its sixth meeting, the Committee allocated an ADI of 0 0.4 mg/kg bw to this substance, expressed as sodium nitrite. (inchem.org)
mean weight, 68 3.3 kg) received a single oral dose of sodium nitrite at 0.06 or 0.12 mmol/mmol haemoglobin, corresponding to 140 190 mg or 290 380 mg, depending on the weight of the person, and 7 days later received one intravenous dose of sodium nitrite at 0.12 mmol/mmol haemoglobin, corresponding to 290 380 mg. (inchem.org)
Adverse effects, blood pressure, heart rate, haemoglobin concentra-tion, per cent methaemoglobin in blood and plasma nitrite and nitrate concentration were recorded frequently for 24 h after each administration of sodium nitrite. (inchem.org)
Amooaghaie R, Tabatabaei F, Ahadi A (2013) Role of hematin and sodium nitroprusside in regulating B nigra seed germination under nanosilver and silver nitrate stresses. (vegetosindia.org)
Differential expression of nitrate reductase in response to potassium and sodium nitrate: realtime PCR analysis. (biotechlink.org)

Nitrate reductase (NR), Glutamine synthatase (GS), Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and Aspartate aminotransaminase (AspAT) were assayed in flag leaves and roots of four pearl millet genotypes, started from ear emergence till grain maturity at four days intervals. (org.in)

Lotus Japonicus como Modelo para la Identificaci n de Nuevos Genes Implicados en la Respuesta a Estr s Abi tico y Productividad en Leguminosas. (us.es)
Fields with low C : N ratio had an overrepresentation of genes for carbon degradation, carbon fixation, metal reductase, and organic remediation categories, while fields with high C : N ratio had an overrepresentation of genes encoding dissimilatory sulfate reductase, methane oxidation, nitrification, and nitrogen fixation. (hindawi.com)
Significant decreases in copy numbers of 16S rRNA and nitrate reducing genes were observed along the estuary and from surface to deeper sediments. (essex.ac.uk)
Both metabolic potentials and functional genes persisted at sediment depths where porewater nitrate was absent. (essex.ac.uk)
The significant variation in the vertical pattern and abundance of the various nitrate reducing genes phylotypes reasonably suggests differences in their activity throughout the sediment column. (essex.ac.uk)
qPCR was used to measure copy numbers of the nirK and nirS genes encoding NOforming nitrite reductases. (edu.au)
The nasT and nasS genes were cotranscribed, although nasT was more strongly induced by nitrate than nasS. (uea.ac.uk)
Mutational analysis of the ntrBCYX genes indicated that while ntrBC genes are required for nitrate assimilation, ntrYX genes can only partially restore growth on nitrate in the absence of ntrBC genes. (uea.ac.uk)
La represión de los genes de transportadores de nitrógeno en las células del exocarpo de mutantes de mandarina con retraso en el cambio de color sugiere que es necesaria la movilización de nitrógeno del flavedo para que se inicie el cambio de color. (upv.es)

A ferredoxin that serves as the physiological electron donor to the nitrate and nitrite reductases in this assimilatory process has been characterized. (uea.ac.uk)

Our results revealed several types of regulation under the conditions tested: (1) FnrP-controlled regulation of nitrous oxide reductase, UspA and OmpW as confirmed at protein, transcript and DNA level (position of FNR boxes). (nih.gov)
2) Proteins regulated via additional regulators, including proteins involved in NNR and NarR regulons: nitrate reductase beta-subunit, TonB-dependent receptors, nitrite reductase, a TenA-type transcription regulator, and an unknown protein with an alpha/beta hydrolase fold. (nih.gov)
This group contains SSU ribosomal protein S305 / sigma(54) modulation protein, and two short-chain reductase-dehydrogenase proteins. (nih.gov)
This robust N2O-reducing activity of B. ottawaense was confirmed by N2O reductase (NosZ) protein levels and by mitigation of N2O emitted by nodule decomposition in laboratory system. (bvsalud.org)
1972. Inheritance of nitrate reductase activity, grain protein and straw protein in a hard red winter wheat cross. (org.in)
This protein-protein interaction is sensitive to nitrate and nitrite, which cause dissociation of the NasS-NasT complex into monomeric NasS and an oligomeric form of NasT. (ox.ac.uk)

The general objective of this study was from infants into EDTA tubes by a well- to evaluate the relationship between nitrate trained laboratory technician and tested for concentrations in the drinking water sources haemoglobin (Hb) and Met-Hb. (who.int)

The action of bacterial nitrate reductases on the tongue and mammalian enzymes that have nitrate reductase activity in tissues are noted by the number 1. (sleepadvice.ca)
Bacterial nitrate reductases are noted by the number 2. (sleepadvice.ca)
Nitrogen oxyanion-dependent dissociation of a two-component complex that regulates bacterial nitrate assimilation. (ox.ac.uk)

Transcriptional adaptation to nitrate-dependent anabolism by Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was studied. (uea.ac.uk)

1966. The regulation of activity of enzymes involved in the assimilation of nitrate by higher plants. (org.in)

The presence of groups containing both oxygen and nitrogen in GTN and in amyl nitrite makes it likely that both act as vasodilators by transformation into NO. Equally it suggests that other compounds containing groups with the same constituent elements could also be vasodilators. (chemistryworld.com)
In March 1976 and 1977, nitrate reductase, nitrate, nitrite, and oxygen were measured between depths of 30 and 250m in the subsurface waters overlying the Peruvian continental shelf and shelf edge at 15S latitude. (yale.edu)

Then they collaborated with my lab by open sourcing a new photometer, which radically undercut the cost of other methods to detect nitrates using their nitrate reductase enzymes. (nitrate.com)
Nitrites - Nitrite tests detect the products of nitrate reductase, an enzyme produced by some bacterial species that can cause a UTI. (chronicutiinfo.com)
In addition, a nitrite test does not detect organisms unable to reduce nitrate to nitrite, such as enterococci or staphylococci. (chronicutiinfo.com)

Haloferax mediterranei is a halophilic archaeon that can grow using nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. (uea.ac.uk)

2004. Dietary nitrites and nitrates, nitrosatable drugs, and neural tube defects. (cdc.gov)
Nitrite both with and without nitrosatable precursors was found to be genotoxic in vitro in several tests, but, with the exception of a test in Drosophila melanogaster, the results obtained in vivo were negative. (inchem.org)
The results of carcinogenicity studies with nitrite were negative, except those in which extremely high doses of both nitrite and nitrosatable precursors were administered simultaneously or premixed in the diet. (inchem.org)
As there was no quantitative evidence of the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N- nitroso compounds at the levels of intake of nitrite and nitrosatable precursors achievable in the diet, a quantitative risk assessment of nitrite on the basis of endogenously formed N- nitroso compounds was considered to be inappropriate. (inchem.org)

The reaction of nitrite with endogenous molecules to form N-nitroso compounds may have toxic or carcinogenic effects. (sleepadvice.ca)

Campbell, W., Structure and function of eukaryotic NAD (P) H: nitrate reductase. (biotechlink.org)

The existence of a regulation mechanism for nitrate assimilation in P. denitrificans, by which nitrate induction operates at both transcriptional and translational levels, is proposed. (uea.ac.uk)
Datta R, Sharma R (1999) Temporal and spatial regulation of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in greening maize leaves. (vegetosindia.org)

The nasT mutant lacked both nasABGHC transcript and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent nitrate reductase activity. (uea.ac.uk)

We hypothesised that his could be attributed to intracellular nitrate pools from nitrate accumulating microorganisms like Thioploca or Beggiatoa. (essex.ac.uk)

Alternative pathways by which methemoglobin can be reduced, which become more important in deficiencies of the primary pathway, involve the NADPH-methemoglobin reductase system, reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione. (medscape.com)

Mammalian metalloproteins and enzymes that have nitrate reductase activity include aldehyde oxidase, heme proteins, mitochondria and xanthine reductase. (sleepadvice.ca)
Both amyl nitrite and GTN are substrates for the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase, which converts them into NO. This could explain why they are effective in treating angina. (chemistryworld.com)

1994. Fatal methemoglobinemia due to inhalation of isobutyl nitrite. (cdc.gov)
Inorganic nitrate/nitrite can be absorbed via inhalation. (sleepadvice.ca)

2011. Dietary nitrate attenuates oxidative stress, prevents cardiac and renal injuries, and reduces blood pressure in salt-induced hypertension. (cdc.gov)

Nitrite reacts with certain chemicals to yield a red-colored product. (vumicro.com)

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. (lookformedical.com)

The different antioxidant enzymes show disparate behaviour with signalling molecule NO. The activity of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and nitrate reductase were upregulated whereas ascorbate peroxidase was downregulated with NO. The elevated activities of antioxidant and NO accumulation might be responsible for detoxifying the detrimental effect of salinity in B. juncea . (vegetosindia.org)

If a bacterium producing nitrate reductase is grown in a medium containing nitrate, the enzyme converts the nitrate to nitrite. (vumicro.com)

1967. The role of carbon dioxide, light and nitrate in the synthesis and degradation of nitrate reductase in lines of Perilla fructescens. (org.in)

Therefore, homemade baby food purees made from vegetables containing high levels of natural nitrates, such as carrots, beetroots, or spinach should be avoided. (medlineplus.gov)

This raises interesting questions as to what the alternative metabolic roles for the various nitrate reductases could be, analogous to the alternative metabolic roles found for nitrite reductases. (essex.ac.uk)
The metabolic pathway of plasma and tissue nitrates depends on local conditions such as tissue oxygenation, and inflammatory state. (sleepadvice.ca)

Nitrite occurs in the environment, in food and water, and is produced endogenous-ly. (inchem.org)

8. Over expression of Nitrate Reductase or Nitrite Reductase in Roots of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Towards Achieving Better Nitrogen Use Efficiency - funded by DST-Fast-Track Young Scientist. (abfindia.org)

1993. The effects of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds on human health: a review. (cdc.gov)

Salivary, plasma, and urinary levels of nitrate and then nitrite rise abruptly after ingestion. (sleepadvice.ca)
In the Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, urinary levels of nitrate were measured in a subsample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) consisting of participants aged 6 years and older during 2007-2008. (sleepadvice.ca)
The geometric mean for urinary nitrate (in mg/g of creatinine) for the US population aged 6 years and older during 2007-2008 was 47.7, with a 95% confidence interval of 45.9-49.7. (sleepadvice.ca)

Disease activity and impairment were determined and artificial suction blisters were made on the CRPS1 and the contralateral extremities for measurements of IL-6, TNF-α, ET-1 and nitrate/nitrite (NOx). (biomedcentral.com)
We characterized GbsMerA, a mercury reductase belonging to the mercury-resistant operon of Gelidibacter salicanalis PAMC21136, and found its maximum activity of 474.7 µmol/min/mg in reducing Hg+2. (bvsalud.org)
Mammalian enzymes with nitrite reductase activity are noted by the number 3. (sleepadvice.ca)
Nitrate reductase activity and nitrate content under two forms and three levels of nitrogen nutrition in Lolium perenne L. Journal of Plant Physiology, 132: 28-33. (org.in)
Nitrate reductase activity in the subsurface waters of the Peru Curren" by T. T. Packard, R. C. Dugdale et al. (yale.edu)

Type 1 (also called erythrocyte reductase deficiency) occurs when RBCs lack the enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
Type 2 (also called generalized reductase deficiency) occurs when the enzyme doesn't work in the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Intake of some amount of nitrates is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. (sleepadvice.ca)

The importance and bioavailability of a KCl-extractable nitrate sediment pool remains to be tested. (essex.ac.uk)

The medium used is nitrate broth with Durham tube, a nutrient broth with potassium nitrate added. (vumicro.com)

1999. Infantile methemoglobinemia: re-examining the role of drinking water nitrates. (cdc.gov)

By contrast, a nitrogen oxyanion-binding sensor (NasS) is required for nitrate/nitrite-responsive control of nas gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)

For example, intensive agricultural crop fertilization and livestock production often cause harmful levels of nitrate. (nitrate.com)
Short-term exposure this study which was conducted over 6 to high levels of nitrates in drinking water months between the beginning of June 2002 can cause methaemoglobinaemia, known as and the end of November 2002. (who.int)

The nitrate reductase from plants-NECi's first enzyme product-reduces nitrate to nitrite, a first step in the chain that turns the elements into proteins and DNA. (nitrate.com)

In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites significantly enhances nitrates' toxic potency. (sleepadvice.ca)

Plasma from peripheral blood was collected to measure tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by ELISA and nitrite (NO3) using a Griess assay. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms24

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes20

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Nitric13

Ammonium12

Convert nitrite2

Denitrification2

Ferredoxin-nitrite r1

Reduction7

Bacteria5

AMMONIA3

Presence of nitrate2

Metabolism4

Organic nitrites1

Inorganic nitrite2

Griess Reagent2

Cytochrome b5 reduct2

Toxicity2

Reagent1

Sodium7

Glutamate1

Genes9

Assimilatory1

Protein6

Concentrations1

Bacterial nitrate3

Paracoccus1

Assimilation of nitrate1

Oxygen2

Detect3

Sole nitrogen source1

Nitrosatable4

Carcinogenic1

Eukaryotic1

Regulation2

NADH1

Microorganisms1

Ascorbic acid1

Xanthine2

Inhalation2

Oxidative stress1

Reacts1

Oxidation1

Peroxidase1

Converts1

Degradation1

Spinach1

Metabolic2

Endogenous1

Roots1

Compounds1

Urinary3

Activity5

Deficiency2

Nitrogen cycle1

Bioavailability1

Potassium1

19991

Gene1

Levels2

Proteins1

Vivo1

Assay1