Niddm glucose transporter type 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

This is in contrast to conditions in the gut and kidney, where luminal glucose concentrations regularly exceed plasma glucose concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
0.01 mM and plasma glucose 0.19 mM [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Although all diabetic cells are exposed to elevated levels of plasma glucose, hyperglycemic damage is limited to those cell types that are unable to down regulate glucose transport into the cell (e.g., endothelial cells), leading to intra-cellular hyperglycemia ( Brownlee, 2001 ). (scialert.net)
Because they are complementary, we recommend screening with both a fasting plasma glucose and an A1C in older people. (diabetes.ca)
Plasma glucose is determined using blood drawn into a gray-top (sodium fluoride) tube, which inhibits red blood cell glycolysis immediately. (medscape.com)
A serum glucose measurement (commonly obtained on chemistry panels, using a red- or speckled-top tube) may be significantly lower than a plasma glucose measurement. (medscape.com)
[ 101 ] The WHO notes that IGT is not a clinical entity but a risk factor for future diabetes and/or adverse outcomes and that the risk of future diabetes, premature death, and cardiovascular disease begins to increase at 2-hour plasma glucose levels below the IGT range. (medscape.com)
Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)

Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)

In addition to the role of SNCA in cell susceptibility to insulin and glucose uptake, the SNCA expression can also be affected by insulin metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Impaired insulin secretion and free radical formation are the initial events triggering the development of insulin resistance and its causal relations with dysregulation of glucose and fatty acids metabolism. (wiley.com)
Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Since carnitine is involved in fat metabolism, attention is being paid to its possible role in NIDDM. (heraldopenaccess.us)
which, when activated, stimulate expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis, specifically the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids (Blaschke et al. (bodybuilding.com)
However, the role of mitofusion-2 (MFN2), a key factor in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, in skeletal muscle lipid intermediate accumulation remains to be elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a secondary metabolite of salicylic acid which has been hydrolyzed by liver enzymes during phase I metabolism. (medchemexpress.com)
Effect of metformin on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in NIDDM patients. (nhri.edu.tw)
Comparison of the effects of atenolol and nifedipine on glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension. (nhri.edu.tw)
Glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism in doxazosin-treated patients with hypertension. (nhri.edu.tw)
Effect of pravastatin treatment on glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with hypercholesterolemia. (nhri.edu.tw)

In pancreatic islets, GLUT2 allows a rapid equilibration of glucose between the extracellular space and the interior of the cells and it may play a crucial role in the glucose signaling mechanism leading to insulin secretion (43). (justia.com)
Clinical studies of subjects with the different forms of MODY indicate that each is associated with a different defect in the normal pattern of glucose stimulated insulin secretion. (scirp.org)
Two metabolic defects that seem to be central to the pathology of type 2 diabetes are impaired insulin secretion and the reduced ability of insulin to act on the major insulin-sensitive tissues ( 2 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Gluten peptides enter the pancreas where they affect the morphology and might induce beta-cell stress by enhancing glucose- and palmitate-stimulated insulin secretion. (mdpi.com)
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance (which affects skeletal muscle, liver and other insulin-sensitive tissues) and by defective insulin secretion [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Genetic contribution of polymorphism of the GLUT1 and GLUT4 genes to the susceptibility to type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in different populations. (uchicago.edu)
Kinetics of GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporters expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (wixsite.com)

Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) as the presynaptic protein is expressed in different tissues and prevents insulin-resistance (IR) through increasing glucose-uptake by adipocytes and muscles. (biomedcentral.com)
TLK16998 also increased the potency of insulin in stimulating 2-deoxy- d -glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with a detectable effect at 8 μmol/l and a 10-fold increase at 40 μmol/l. (diabetesjournals.org)
This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)

Some of the drugs such as sulphonylureas, and a few biguanides are valuable drugs for the treatment of hyperglycemia in NIDDM. (wiley.com)
The combination of these defects results in an inability of the body to maintain glucose homeostasis leading to hyperglycemia and other metabolic disturbances ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from the destruction of insulinproducing β cells in the pancreas, that leads to hyperglycemia [1,2,20]. (researchgate.net)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an insulin deficiency. (researchgate.net)
Hyperglycemia Nursing Care Plan 1 Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose related to lack of understanding about diabetes treatment or glucose levels control, insufficient monitoring of blood glucose levels, insulin shortage or overproduction, and noncompliance to diabetes treatment programs secondary. (villapina.de)

SLC2A10 is a member of the facilitative glucose transporter family, which plays a significant role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)
Understanding of mechanisms underlying lung glucose homeostasis could identify new therapeutic targets for control of ASL glucose and prevention and treatment of lung infection. (ersjournals.com)

Defects in this gene are a cause of pancreatic agenesis, which can lead to early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), as well as maturity onset diabetes of the young type 4 (MODY4). (thermofisher.com)
2001) Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the glucose transporter gene GLUT1 in maturity-onset diabetes of the young. (scirp.org)

In addition, there is evidence that fatty acids interfere with very early stages of Glucose Transporter Type 4 (GLUT4) and hexokinase II activity [8]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Phosphorylation state of the GLUT4 isoform of the glucose transporter in subfractions of the rat adipose cell: effects of insulin, adenosine, and isoproterenol. (wixsite.com)
Cell surface accessibility of GLUT4 glucose transporters in insulin-stimulated rat adipose cells. (wixsite.com)

Comparison of the model electron density profiles with that of gel phase DMPC provides areas per lipid A, 60.6 +/- 0.5 A(2) for DMPC and 63.2 +/- 0.5 A(2) for DLPC. (indexindex.com)
Obesity can be viewed as a state of long-term lipid disequilibrium that is marked by massive adipocyte hypertrophy and is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
Increased adiposity and lipid accumulation within the skeletal muscle and mitochondrial dysfunction have been shown to be strongly associated with insulin resistance [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
One potential benefit of fenugreek is improving elevated blood glucose and lipid levels associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. (lww.com)
Human investigations suggest that fenugreek can be beneficial as an adjunct in controlling high blood glucose and lipid levels in people with diabetes. (lww.com)
Two types of pores predominate: free lipid pores and peptide-lined transport pores. (dna-biopharm-sa.com)

On the other hand, insulinoma cells that had lost their normal glucose responsiveness have low GLUT2 content, but some glucose sensitivity may be recovered after reintroducing GLUT2 expression through stable transfection of these cells (10,16). (justia.com)
An HbA1C of 6-6.4% is neither normal glucose tolerance nor diabetes. (medscape.com)

Glucose transporter 4 translocation was confirmed by determining the uptake of glucose in the presence of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and PI3K inhibitors. (wiley.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator of several genes, including insulin, somatostatin, glucokinase, islet amyloid polypeptide, and glucose transporter type 2. (thermofisher.com)
Identification of type 2 diabetes genes in Mexican Americans through genome-wide association studies. (uchicago.edu)
Searching for NIDDM susceptibility genes: studies of genes with triplet repeats expressed in skeletal muscle. (uchicago.edu)
Linkage studies of the islet amyloid polypeptide/amylin and liver glycogen synthase genes and NIDDM. (uchicago.edu)

The GLUT2 facilitated glucose transporter isoform is a membrane protein present in the pancreatic .beta. (justia.com)

DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)

A rare, genetic form of obesity characterized by morbid obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia leading to early coronary disease, myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. (nih.gov)
In this review, we will consider obesity with special attention to adipocyte types, microbiota, and microbial products, LPS and bacteriocins. (heraldopenaccess.us)
A survey of people with obesity in the US shows that 35% of men and 40.4% of women are suffering from obesity [2]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Obesity is a prominent risk factor for Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, (NIDDM), which is also called diabetes mellitus type II. (heraldopenaccess.us)
In a study of 8430 men and 7034 women affected by obesity, it was shown that people with ectopic fat obesity are in the greatest risk of NIDDM [5]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Type 2 diabetes and obesity epidemics are in effect in the United States and the two pathologies are linked. (biomedcentral.com)
In this narrative review, we consider a number of explanations that have been forwarded regarding the pathological progression to type 2 diabetes both with and without the concurrent influence of overweight/obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
The vast majority possess type 2 diabetes (T2D), a disorder that is linked with the 'American obesity epidemic. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevalence of insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes in the US adult population. (biomedcentral.com)
Obesity has become endemic in the developed world and is on its way to becoming so in developing nations, producing many health-related problems ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Soon after the introduction of atypical antipsychotics, which antagonize serotonin receptors and dopamine D 2 receptors (D 2 R), numerous case reports appeared showing that the use of these drugs were associated with increased obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

In conclusion, AEG enhances glucose transport by modulating the proximal and distal markers involved in glucose uptake and its transformation into glycogen. (wiley.com)
Some studies suggest that an increase in plasma fatty acid concentration reduces glucose uptake and phosphorylation, and this leads to reduced glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation. (heraldopenaccess.us)

Insulin resistance (IR) as the main hyperglycemic process in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is observed in many tissues such as adipose and skeletal muscle [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose transporter recycling in rat adipose cells. (wixsite.com)

Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)

In present study we assessed the probable effect of insulin resistance on SNCA expression in muscle C2C12 cells and also skeletal muscle tissues of type 2 diabetic mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two experimental groups, including control and type 2 diabetic mice with IR (induced by high-fat diet + low-dose streptozotocin). (biomedcentral.com)
In diabetic mice, TLK16998, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, lowered blood glucose levels for up to 6 h. (diabetesjournals.org)

L-carnitine supplementation decreases serum glucose but has no effect on glucose oxidation [11]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)

DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)

2006). "Mutations in the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT10 alter angiogenesis and cause arterial tortuosity syndrome" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Mutations in the glucokinase gene are not a major cause of late-onset type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Japanese subjects. (uchicago.edu)

The encoded nuclear protein is involved in the early development of the pancreas and plays a major role in glucose-dependent regulation of insulin gene expression. (thermofisher.com)

In these cells, GLUT2 catalyzes the transepithelial transport of glucose. (justia.com)
Glucose diffuses into ASL via paracellular pathways at a rate determined by paracellular permeability and the transepithelial glucose gradient. (ersjournals.com)
Glucose diffusion is determined by epithelial permeability to glucose, the transepithelial glucose gradient and surface area. (ersjournals.com)

The animals of the study involved the measurements of fasting blood glucose, oral-glucose-tolerance-test, as well as fasting plasma insulin. (biomedcentral.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
Based on the factors mentioned above, your diabetes health-care team will work with you and your caregivers to select target blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels, appropriate glucose-lowering medications, and a program for screening and management of diabetes-related complications. (diabetes.ca)
Conversely, the D 2 R agonist bromocriptine, which has been used for over 40 years to treat Parkinson's disease and hyperprolactinemia ( 6 ), was found to lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in patients with T2DM ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Monitor and Manage Blood Glucose Level. (villapina.de)

In the distal lung, glucose transport via sodium-coupled glucose transporters predominates. (ersjournals.com)
Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression are significant public health and socioeconomic issues. (frontiersin.org)

An FPG level of 100-125 mg/dL is considered an impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and an FPG level of less than 100 mg/dL is considered a normal fasting glucose. (medscape.com)
The noted values for fasting glucose measurements are based on the level of glycemia at which retinopathy, a fairly pathognomonic diabetic complication, appears. (medscape.com)
Fasting glucose measurements are not as predictive for indicating macrovascular risk as are post-glucose load values. (medscape.com)

Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia. (nhri.edu.tw)
Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia in patients with angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease. (nhri.edu.tw)
Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia in patients with microvascular angina. (nhri.edu.tw)

Immunoblot analysis revealed an insulin-like glucose transporting mechanism of AEG by activating key markers involved in the insulin signaling cascade such as insulin receptor beta IRβ, insulin receptor substrate1, 85 phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) and PKB. (wiley.com)
It is only recently that we and others have begun to investigate glucose transport as an important mechanism for maintaining a nutrient-depleted environment in the lung lumen to limit the growth of pathogenic organisms. (ersjournals.com)

Traditionally this has involved studying both central and peripheral molecules involved in hunger and satiety, such as leptin, orexin (also known as hypocretin), insulin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), amylin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP, also known as a gastric inhibitory polypeptide), adiponectin and cholecystokinin (CCK). (frontiersin.org)

Because skeletal muscle is the major site of insulin-mediated glucose utilization (up to 80% in the postprandial state), losses in skeletal muscle mass may lead to metabolic impairments [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, transgenic mice that express GLUT2 antisense RNAs driven by the insulin promoter led to an 80% reduction in GLUT2 which was paralleled by a decreased glucose-induced insulin secretory response and by the onset of diabetes (48). (justia.com)
The disorder, Maturity Onset of Diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic form of Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), characterized by autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and onset is usually before 25 years of age. (scirp.org)
Insulin resistance is present in NIDDM patients 10 to 20 years prior to disease onset. (heraldopenaccess.us)

We sought to examine the role of both urinary and circulating TGF-β1 and its promoter Amadori albumin in the vascular complications of type 1 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The present article reports on a nested case-control study from the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study of Europeans with type 1 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 28 (2). (edu.au)

Evidence-based resources related to Diabetes (12) Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Screening. (villapina.de)

The population association of glucokinase gene with type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Chinese. (uchicago.edu)

The insulin-resistance was confirmed by the glucose-uptake assay. (biomedcentral.com)

Similar results were found in primary rat Müller cells under high glucose culture in vitro. (molvis.org)

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A10 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The glucose/fructose:H+ symporter, STP13 (sugar transport protein 13). (lbl.gov)
Human G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK1) gene (KCNJ3): localization to chromosome 2 and identification of a simple tandem repeat polymorphism. (uchicago.edu)
Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) protein is a dynamin-related protein with GTPase activity anchored in the external mitochondrial membrane [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A fragment of the murine GLUT2 promoter has been cloned and shown to be glucose-responsive when transfected into differentiated insulin-producing cells or into hepatocytes (35,36,52). (justia.com)

Type 2 diabetes due to insulin-resistance can decrease SNCA gene expression in muscles. (biomedcentral.com)

The erythrocyte/brain hexose facilitator, glucose transporter-1, Gtr1 or Glut1. (lbl.gov)

Human hexokinase II: localization of the polymorphic gene to chromosome 2. (uchicago.edu)

Insulin resistance is a key pathophysiological feature of type 2 diabetes. (wiley.com)
Insulin resistance, an important feature of type 2 diabetes, is manifested as attenuated insulin receptor (IR) signaling in response to insulin binding. (diabetesjournals.org)

Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
However, much subsequent research in this area was focused on the role of pulmonary SGLT transport as a modifier of lung liquid volume [ 3 , 4 ], and the effects of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport [ 1 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Although the etiology of type 2 diabetes is complex and cause/consequence characteristics of associated dysfunctions have been debated, it is well established that impaired insulin action plays a critical early role. (biomedcentral.com)

There is evidence that insulin-resistant obese individuals with type 2 diabetes have approximately 30% fewer mitochondria in their skeletal muscle than age-matched healthy controls [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasma insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin concentrations in obese and nonobese individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. (nhri.edu.tw)

The end result is that diabetes was responsible for ~ 12% of deaths in the US in 2010 making it the third leading cause of mortality in the country [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Both microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria significantly increase the risk of morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease and are strong predictors of subsequent severe renal disease ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms6

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes16

Information Science3

Plasma glucose8

Facilitative glucose transporters1

Metabolism11

Secretion5

GLUT1 and GLUT42

Adipocytes5

Hyperglycemia5

Homeostasis3

Maturity onset2

GLUT43

Lipid6

Normal glucose2

Uptake of glucose1

Genes4

Isoform1

High blood glucose1

Obesity11

Glycogen2

Adipose2

Regulate glucose1

Diabetic mice3

Serum glucose2

Enhances glucose1

Mutations2

Regulation1

Transepithelial3

Blood5

Distal2

T2DM1

Fasting3

Intolerance3

Mechanism2

Amylin1

Metabolic1

Onset3

Complications3

Prediabetes1

Glucokinase1

Assay1

Vitro1

Protein4

Promoter1

Gene expression1

Erythrocyte1

Hexokinase1

Feature of type 2 diabet2

Role3

Obese2

Mortality2