Nicotinic receptors receptors muscle and nerve. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist which causes paralysis by preventing the binding of acetylcholine to the nAChR. (wikipedia.org)
Lysine, K at position 23 binds selectively to Torpedo AChR (Acetylcholine receptor). (wikipedia.org)
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor controls electrical signalling between nerve and muscle cells by opening and closing a gated, membrane-spanning pore. (proteopedia.org)
Structure and gating mechanism of the acetylcholine receptor pore. (proteopedia.org)
Miyazawa A, Fujiyoshi Y, Unwin N. Structure and gating mechanism of the acetylcholine receptor pore. (proteopedia.org)
It binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and keeps the receiving nerve stuck in a depolarized state. (picmonic.com)
IMIDACLOPRID acts as Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) Antagonist at the neuronal and neuromuscular junctions of central nervous system. (ambachem.co.in)
10 hours it penetrates to the peripheral nerve ends through binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction, and is then transported centripetally (through retrograde axonal transport) to dorsal root ganglia and cells of the spinal ventral horns. (empendium.com)
After striking out for years to characterize the structure of a key nicotinic acetylcholine receptor called a7, Noviello and Hibbs got a major boost in 2016 after UTSW purchased equipment for cryogenic electron microscopy, or cryo-EM. (phys.org)
The acetylcholine receptor. (doctorbhatia.com)
In MG, the autoantibodies are directed most commonly against the acetylcholine receptor (nicotinic type), the receptor in the motor end plate for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine that stimulates muscular contraction. (doctorbhatia.com)

These small currents were linked to ACh release since anticholinesterases (neostigmine) increased their effects, while cholinergic receptor antagonist (tubocurarine, a nicotinic receptor blocker) blocked. (pharmacology2000.com)
Yet, in all groups, epibatidine-induced strip contractions were similarly inhibited by mecamylamine and hexamethonium (ganglionic nicotinic receptor antagonists), SR 16584 (α3β4 neuronal nicotinic receptor antagonist), atracurium and tubocurarine (neuromuscular nicotinic receptor antagonists), and atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist), indicating that nicotinic receptors (particularly α3β4 subtypes), neuromuscular and muscarinic receptors play roles in bladder contractility. (jefferson.edu)

Nerve agents inhibit both muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors. (msdmanuals.com)
The consequence of this is overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and therefore upregulation of the parasympathetic, and to a lesser extent sympathetic, nervous systems. (scielo.org.za)

When the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, attaches to the portion of the nicotinic receptor outside of the cell wall, it induces a conformational change that selectively opens up the channel to sodium ions. (cdc.gov)
The motor nerve fibres reach the muscle fibres at sites called motor end plates, which are located roughly in the middle of each muscle fibre and store vesicles of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (this meeting of nerve and muscle fibres is known as the neuromuscular junction ). (britannica.com)
Muscle strips were collected, mucosa-denuded, and mounted in muscle baths before incubation with neurotransmitter antagonists, and contractions to the nicotinic receptor agonist epibatidine were determined. (jefferson.edu)
Nerve agents inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) once ACh has finished activating receptors in neurons, muscles, and glands. (msdmanuals.com)
Cholinergic receptors are receptors on the surface of cells that get activated when they bind a type of neurotransmitter called acetylcholine . (osmosis.org)
It is an autoimmune disorder, in which weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction, [1] inhibiting the stimulative effect of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. (doctorbhatia.com)
Here, we analyse by cryo-EM the architecture of this membrane in vesicles isolated from the (muscle-derived) electric organ of the Torpedo ray, with view to defining the protein-lipid interplay required to achieve an optimal neurotransmitter response. (iucr.org)
The neurotransmitter released at the NM junction is acetylcholine (ACh), which binds to nicotinic receptors in the postsynaptic membrane and generates an end-plate potential. (veteriankey.com)

It causes a postsynaptic block at the NMJ nAChRs by preventing the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Myasthenia gravis is a relatively rare autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerves in which antibodies form against acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic postsynaptic receptors at the myoneural junction. (medscape.com)
The cholinergic postsynaptic membrane is an acetyl-choline receptor-rich membrane mediating fast chemical communication at the nerve-muscle synapse. (iucr.org)
The microdomains may promote cooperativity between neighbouring receptors, leading to an enhanced postsynaptic response. (iucr.org)
The postsynaptic membrane, apposing the pre-synaptic nerve terminal, is where transmitter-gated ion channels are concentrated. (iucr.org)
The cholinergic membrane of the nerve-muscle synapse is the best-understood postsynaptic membrane and its principles of operation serve to illuminate principles pertaining to the more complex synapses of the central nervous system. (iucr.org)
Structure of the ACh receptor in Torpedo postsynaptic membrane. (iucr.org)

This means that they block or inhibit the activity of the α1 receptors. (proprofs.com)
Most of the drugs that stimulate or inhibit smooth muscle contraction do so by regulating the concentration of intracellular calcium , which is involved in initiating the process of contraction. (britannica.com)
In control bladder strips, since tetrodotoxin did not inhibit epibatidine contractions, nicotinic receptors are likely located on nerve terminals. (jefferson.edu)
Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) work at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to inhibit the nicotinic receptor. (openanesthesia.org)
Hyoscine hydrobromide is one of the major antimuscarinic agents that inhibit the action of acetylcholine (ACh) on autonomic effectors innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that lack cholinergic innervation. (wellingtonicu.com)

These events help to explain why the initial phase of toxicity is manifested by over-stimulation (characterized by myoclonic jerks, fasciculations and muscle spasms) followed by weakness progressing to paralysis. (cdc.gov)
Muscle weakness may manifest as muscle fasciculations, low carriage of head and neck, the horse standing with thoracic and pelvic limbs under the abdomen, toe dragging, and exercise intolerance. (veteriankey.com)

The nicotinic receptors are cylindrically-shaped proteins imbedded in synaptic walls that act as chemically-controlled sodium channels (also called ligand-gated sodium channels) that penetrate through the cell walls of post-synaptic nerves and myocytes at the skeletal neuromuscular junctions. (cdc.gov)
The acetylcholine then attaches itself to the nicotinic receptors of the motor end plate which are specified of the post synaptic membrane. (topessaywriting.org)

Research on cell cultures indicates that borneol can affect the activity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are involved in the regulation of nerve-muscle communication and inflammatory processes. (royalqueenseeds.com)

α-Cobratoxin binds antagonistically and slowly reversible to muscle-type and neuronal type nAChRs. (wikipedia.org)
When acetylcholine binds to the receptor it remains in the open conformation for a longer period which is sufficient to cause the ion-flux. (wikipedia.org)
Because it crosses the blood-brain barrier so that the the alpha receptors it binds are ones in the CNS instead of on the effector organ. (proprofs.com)
This means that the alpha receptors it binds to are located in the central nervous system (CNS) rather than on the effector organ, which in this case is the heart. (proprofs.com)

As a result, the chemical-gated nicotinic receptor Na+ channels are held in the open position, and a constant state of depolarization occurs. (cdc.gov)
This drug mimics acetylcholine at the nicotinic receptor, opening sodium channels and causing membrane depolarization. (picmonic.com)
Succinylcholine keeps cells in sustained depolarization and prevents muscle contraction. (picmonic.com)
In neurons and neuroendocrine cells this depolarization induces the opening of plasmalemmal voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs), which generate nano- or microdomains of relatively higher intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) within the vicinity of docked, NOP Receptor/ORL1 Agonist Biological Activity primed vesicles (Neher Sakaba, 2008). (nicotinic-receptor.com)
They bind to ACh receptors and cause a depolarization of the endplate which leads to rapid skeletal muscle relaxation. (openanesthesia.org)
Depolarization occurs when the nerve impulse forces sodium ions into the cell. (topessaywriting.org)

Among the myriad chemicals that neurons release as signals, acetylcholine was the very first to be identified at the interface between nerve and muscle. (nih.gov)
Neuromuscular junction is a chemical synapse link between the motor neuron and muscle fiber and for the nervous system to efficiently function, neurons must be able to send and receive signals. (topessaywriting.org)
Signals are transmitted by neurons due neuromuscular junction and this enables contraction of the muscles. (topessaywriting.org)
Nerve fibers are dendrites that receive signals from other neurons, and axons that send signals along to other neurons. (osmosis.org)
Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
Muscles contain the synaptic connection between lower motor neurons and muscle fibers, i.e., the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as well as specialized sensory nerve endings (e.g., muscle spindles). (frontiersin.org)
All motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle are excitatory, and a single discharge of a motor neuron results in contraction of all the myofibers that it innervates. (veteriankey.com)
Disorders can be mixed and may affect both neurons and muscles. (veteriankey.com)
Disorders affecting lower motor neurons can result in diffuse or focal muscle weakness, paresis to paralysis, decreased muscle tone, and neurogenic muscle atrophy. (veteriankey.com)

In mammals and many higher vertebrates, each muscle fiber typically has a single synaptic site innervated by a single motor axon branch. (intechopen.com)
1993). We designated these as Ca2+ syntillas (scintilla, Latin for `spark' from a nerve terminal, commonly a SYNaptic structure) (Fig. 1B). (nicotinic-receptor.com)
The ACh within these vesicles is released into the synaptic cleft, where they combine with and activate nicotinic receptors on the motor endplate. (openanesthesia.org)

Identify the key physiological effects that result from stimulation of nicotinic receptors by excessive amounts of acetylcholine. (cdc.gov)
Tetanic stimulation causes massive release of ACh at the NMJ and strong muscle contraction. (openanesthesia.org)
This test measures involuntary muscle activity and muscle response to nerve stimulation. (acismile.es)
In most cases this is muscarinic receptor stimulation, as the parasympathetic nervous system is particularly dependent on ACh regulation. (scielo.org.za)

Autonomic ganglia, which are often irregular in shape, are situated along the course of efferent nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system. (medscape.com)
The sensory (afferent) division carries sensory signals by way of afferent nerve fibers from receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). (medscape.com)
The motor (efferent) division carries motor signals by way of efferent nerve fibers from the CNS to effectors (mainly glands and muscles). (medscape.com)
Nerve fibers of the PNS are classified according to their involvement in motor or sensory, somatic or visceral pathways. (medscape.com)
Mixed nerves contain both motor and sensory fibers. (medscape.com)
Motor nerves contain motor fibers. (medscape.com)
A nerve is an organ composed of multiple nerve fibers bound together by sheaths of connective tissue. (medscape.com)
In large nerves, fibers are bundled into fascicles and wrapped in a fibrous perineurium. (medscape.com)
They're composed of a cell body , which contains all the organelles, and nerve fibers, which are projections that extend out from the neuron cell body . (osmosis.org)

The tetrodotoxin inhibition of epibatidine-induced contractions in Decentralized and ObNT-Reinn suggests a relocation of nicotinic receptors from nerve terminals to more distant axonal sites, perhaps as a compensatory mechanism to recover bladder function. (jefferson.edu)
Inhibition of AChE leads to an excess of ACh at all of its receptors (cholinergic crisis), first causing increased activity of the affected tissue, followed eventually in the CNS and in skeletal muscle by fatigue and failure of the tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
Structure of the Native Muscle-type Nicotinic Receptor and Inhibition by Snake Venom Toxins, Neuron (2020). (phys.org)

Guyton and Hall 2006) (See Figure 6 below) ( Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by muscarinic receptors, which are different and will be discussed later. (cdc.gov)
Because this mechanism is relatively insensitive to drug action, the most important group of drugs that affect the neuromuscular junction act on (1) acetylcholine release, (2) acetylcholine receptors, or (3) the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (which normally inactivates acetylcholine to terminate muscle fibre contraction). (britannica.com)
So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)
This prevents acetylcholine from binding to receptors and prevents muscle contraction. (picmonic.com)
The end-plate potential can result in an action potential and contraction of the skeletal muscle. (veteriankey.com)

They work by blocking potassium-selective channels in the nerve membrane, thereby prolonging the electrical impulse in the nerve terminal and increasing the amount of acetylcholine released. (britannica.com)
Phase I of this drug is characterized by maintaining the muscle cell's membrane potential above the action potential threshold. (picmonic.com)
Generation of a nerve impulse (action potential) of a sensory neurone occurs as a result of a stimulus such as light, a particular chemical, or stretching of a cell membrane by sound. (medscape.com)
This causes several hundreds of vesicles of acetylcholine (ACh) to fuse with the nerve membrane. (openanesthesia.org)
This activation opens the ion channel on the muscle membrane and depolarizes the muscle fiber membrane 1-3 (Figure 1). (openanesthesia.org)
that's where an axon releases neurotransmitters that bind to receptors present on the cell membrane of the dendrites or the cell body of the next neuron in the series. (osmosis.org)
Here, cryo-EM is used to examine the protein-lipid architecture of this membrane in tubular vesicles obtained from the (muscle-derived) electric organ of the Torpedo ray. (iucr.org)
Cholesterol interactions with the receptor are apparently essential for stabilizing and maintaining its physiological architecture, since the transmembrane structure contracts, involving displacements of the helices at the outer membrane surface by ∼2 Å (1-3 Å), when this lipid is extracted. (iucr.org)

Neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscles. (cdc.gov)
The contractile mechanism of skeletal muscles entails the binding of acetylcholine to nicotinic receptors on the membranes of muscle fibres. (britannica.com)
The somatic motor division carries signals to the skeletal muscles. (medscape.com)
The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system , which controls skeletal muscles , and the autonomic nervous system, which is further divided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic , and controls internal organs. (osmosis.org)

Competitive neuromuscular blocking drugs act as antagonists at acetylcholine receptors, reducing the effectiveness of acetylcholine in generating an end-plate potential . (britannica.com)
Nondepolarizing NMBAs are competitive antagonists which means they bind to the ACh receptor and prevent ACh from binding. (openanesthesia.org)

As a homodimer it is still able to bind to muscle type and α7 nAChRs, but with a lower affinity than in its monomeric form. (wikipedia.org)

It includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their roots and branches, peripheral nerves, and neuromuscular junctions. (medscape.com)
Ganglia may be divided into sensory ganglia of spinal nerves (spinal or posterior root ganglia) and cranial nerves and autonomic ganglia. (medscape.com)
Similar ganglia that are also found along the course of cranial nerves V, VII, VIII, IX, and X are called sensory ganglia of these nerve. (medscape.com)
Motor units consist of a single lower motor neuron located in the central nervous system (CNS), either in the cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem (III to VII, IX to XII) or in the ventral horns of gray matter in the spinal cord. (veteriankey.com)
The motor neuron reaches the periphery through its axons, located in the ventral nerve roots and spinal nerves or in the cranial nerves. (veteriankey.com)
Cranial nerves and segmental reflexes may be normal, decreased, or absent. (veteriankey.com)

Peripheral nerve supply to the muscles in the lower extremity. (medscape.com)
Anzini P, Neuberg DH, Schachner M, Nelles E, Willecke K, Zielasek J, Toyka KV, Suter U, Martini R. Structural abnormalities and deficient maintenance of peripheral nerve myelin in mice lacking the gap junction protein connexin 32. (2medicalcare.com)
This route is minimally invasive and therefore clinically relevant for gene therapy targeting to peripheral nerve soma. (frontiersin.org)
In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses-adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus-and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. (frontiersin.org)
Its use is supported by a series of randomized and controlled trials assessing diseases that affect the peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction, and skeletal muscle. (nursingcenter.com)
Peripheral nerve damage of either the myelin or axon is mediated by an immune cascade involving cytokines, monocytes, and complement-fixing antibodies. (nursingcenter.com)
Most of the evidence supports the conclusion that the immune damage is triggered by shared reactivity to peripheral nerve components and epitopes on the surface of infectious particles. (nursingcenter.com)

Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Lower Motor Neuron-Lesioned Bladder," by Nagat Frara, Mary F. Barbe et al. (jefferson.edu)
Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Lower Motor Neuron-Lesioned Bladder, Urethral, and Anal Sphincter Function in a Dog Model. (jefferson.edu)
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the functional contact (synapse) between an axon of motor neuron and muscle fiber. (intechopen.com)
It is generally accepted to consider this contact only as a specialized morpho-functional structure, where chemical transmission (via release of the acetylcholine (ACh)) of electrical signal from motor neuron to muscle fiber occurs, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. (intechopen.com)
However, due to the significant progress in the improvement and application of electrophysiological, genetic, pharmacological, biochemical and immunohistochemical methods a number of previously unknown aspects of neuron and muscle interaction were revealed. (intechopen.com)
A ganglion is a cluster of neuron cell bodies enveloped in an epineurium continuous with that of a nerve. (medscape.com)
Each muscle fiber (myofiber or myocyte) is innervated by a single α-motor neuron, but a single motor neuron may innervate from a few to thousands of myofibers, depending on the function of a given muscle. (veteriankey.com)
In muscles such as those of the eye, which are responsible for fine movements, one motor neuron supplies only a few myofibers. (veteriankey.com)
In contrast, in muscles involved in posture and locomotion, hundreds to thousands of myofibers are innervated by a single motor neuron. (veteriankey.com)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness due to impaired transmission at the neuromuscular junction. (tidsskriftet.no)

Very little is known about the physiological role of nicotinic receptors in canine bladders, although functional nicotinic receptors have been reported in bladders of many species. (jefferson.edu)

The effects of neurotoxins include muscle paralysis, which can lead to breathing difficulties and potentially death. (scivus.com)
In myasthenic crisis a paralysis of the respiratory muscles occurs, necessitating assisted ventilation to sustain life. (doctorbhatia.com)

The bulbar muscles are affected most commonly and most severely, but most patients also develop some degree of fluctuating generalized weakness. (medscape.com)
The patient may also complain of a specific weakness of certain muscle groups (eg, those used when climbing stairs). (medscape.com)
It is important to be aware of a possible increase in muscle weakness when introducing a new drug. (tidsskriftet.no)
Characteristics of congenital myasthenic syndrome Labrador retriever type are fatigable weakness of skeletal muscle. (orivet.com)
In most cases, the first noticeable symptom is weakness of the eye muscles. (doctorbhatia.com)
The degree of muscle weakness involved in MG varies greatly among patients, ranging from a localized form, limited to eye muscles (ocular myasthenia), to a severe or generalized form in which many muscles - sometimes including those that control breathing - are affected. (doctorbhatia.com)

By the 1930s, synthetic cholinesterase inhibitors were being used for skeletal muscle and autonomic disorders. (medscape.com)

Within the two broad classes of molecular receptors for acetylcholine-nicotinic and muscarinic-there are multiple subtypes found throughout the nervous system. (nih.gov)

Upregulation of ACh Receptor sites results in increased sensitivity to depolarizing NMBAs and resistance to nondepolarizing NMBAs. (openanesthesia.org)

Nerve agents are similar to organophosphate pesticides in their mechanism of action and symptomology. (emdocs.net)
Most nerve agents, like organophosphate insecticides, take hours to age fully, but GD (soman) can age essentially completely within 10 minutes of binding. (msdmanuals.com)

The sequence of α-cobratoxin is: IRCFITPDITSKDCPNGHVCYTKTWCDAFCSIRGKRVDLGCAATCPTVKTGVDIQCCSTDNCNPFPTRKRP The venom has different aminoacids that are able to bind reactively to the acetylcholine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
These receptors can bind different ligands like acetylcholine, nicotine and cobratoxin. (wikipedia.org)
These drugs bind to α1 receptors and activate them, leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. (proprofs.com)
This means that while they bind to the receptor in an antagonistic manner, they also stimulate the receptor at the same time. (proprofs.com)
Some forms of the antibody impair the ability of acetylcholine to bind to receptors. (doctorbhatia.com)

In front of the contact, the motor axon loses its myelin sheath and forms nerve terminal branches. (intechopen.com)

an example is sarin, the nerve gas used in a terrorist action in Tokyo in 1995. (medscape.com)

Sensory ganglia of spinal nerves are fusiform swellings situated on the posterior root of each spinal nerve just proximal to the root's junction with a corresponding anterior root. (medscape.com)

In the peripheral nervous system, bundles of nerve ﬁbers or axons conduct information to and from the central nervous system. (medscape.com)
The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system concerned with the innervation of involuntary structures, such as the heart, smooth muscle, and glands within the body. (medscape.com)
The visceral motor division, also known as the autonomic nervous system, carries signals to glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
The compound gets in the way of information transfer between nerve cells by interfering with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, and eventually paralysing the muscles of the insects. (bharatagri.com)
Globalization and Mental Health: Clonidine and other imidazoline compounds have also been shown to reduce muscle spasms by their central nervous system activity. (acismile.es)
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system, so the brain and spinal cord , and the peripheral nervous system , which includes all the nerves that connect the central nervous system to the muscles and organs. (osmosis.org)
Rapid communication in the nervous system takes place at the chemical synapse, which acts as a fundamental unit transmitting electrical impulses between nerves and their target cells, forming circuits and underpinning virtually all functions of the brain. (iucr.org)

Neuromuscular blocking drugs act on acetylcholine receptors and fall into two distinct groups: nondepolarizing (competitive) and depolarizing blocking agents. (britannica.com)

[ 6 ] Patients with myasthenia gravis do not present with primary complaints of sleepiness or muscle pain. (medscape.com)
In 15-20% of patients, myasthenia gravis affects the bulbar muscles alone. (medscape.com)
Fade can also be seen when the number of ACh receptors is reduced, such as in myasthenia gravis. (openanesthesia.org)
Behandling av pasienter med myasthenia gravis er en spesialistoppgave, men alle leger vil kunne komme i kontakt med pasientgruppen i forbindelse med andre tilstander. (tidsskriftet.no)
Nedenfor gir vi en oversikt over de vanligste medikamentene som kan utløse eller forverre myasthenia gravis (fig 1). (tidsskriftet.no)

By binding to α2 receptors in the CNS, clonidine can modulate the release of norepinephrine, resulting in a decrease in sympathetic outflow and ultimately leading to a decrease in heart rate. (proprofs.com)
Peripheral administration of nerve growth factor in the adult rat produces a thermal hyperalgesia that requires the presence of sympathetic post-ganglionic neurones. (2medicalcare.com)

We demonstrated in mice, utilizing a knock-in mutation, that the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) was involved inside the regulation of syntillas in these nerve terminals (De Crescenzo et al. (nicotinic-receptor.com)
In both preparations, nerve terminals and ACCs, Ca2+ syntillas are readily recorded inside the absence and presence of extracellular Ca2+ and usually do not depend on Ca2+ influx via VDCCs. (nicotinic-receptor.com)

In phase II, the receptors become sensitized and repolarize. (picmonic.com)
The myocytes become sensitized to their receptor activity and eventually repolarize. (picmonic.com)

When a complex was formed with an α7 receptor-like protein(AChBP-complex) and 5 α-Cobratoxins, it is not able to twist anymore. (wikipedia.org)
Mol Biol Rep 11:117125 [9] Roebroek AJ, Schalken JA, Leunissen JA, Onnekink C, Bloemers HP, Van de Ven WJ (1986) Evolutionary conserved close linkage of the c-fesfps proto-oncogene and genetic sequences encoding a receptor-like protein. (forexsanity.com)
c ) The 5.8 Å density map and superimposed 2.7 Å structure of the Torpedo receptor (PDB entry 6uwz ) obtained from detergent-solubilized protein complexed with α -bungarotoxin. (iucr.org)

Succincylcholine exerts its action by binding to the motor nicotinic receptor, which typically only accepts endogenous acetylcholine. (picmonic.com)
It exerts little effects on the actions of ACh at nicotinic receptor sites such as autonomic ganglia. (wellingtonicu.com)

Skeletal muscle contracts in response to electrical impulses that are conducted along motor nerve fibres originating in the brain or the spinal cord . (britannica.com)

they are less common and include the optic and olfactory nerves. (medscape.com)
In such cases the virus penetrates through the conjunctiva or nasal mucosa to the olfactory nerve endings. (empendium.com)

Smooth muscle , which is found primarily in the internal body organs and undergoes involuntary, often rhythmic contractions that are not dependent on outside nerve impulses, generally shows a broad sensitivity to drugs relative to striated muscle. (britannica.com)
These harmful substances function by causing cell destruction, impairing nerve impulses, or both. (scivus.com)

[ 1 ] The involvement of the facial muscles results in changes in expression and speech, whereas involvement of the pharyngeal muscles results in progressive difficulty with mastication and deglutition. (medscape.com)

It works by binding at motor nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and keeping myocytes in a depolarized state. (picmonic.com)
Myocytes still have succinylcholine actively bound to motor-nicotinic receptors and there is a constant depolarized state. (picmonic.com)

Anatomy92

Organisms18

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science2

Health Care1

Acetylcholine receptor11

Antagonist2

Muscarinic and nicotinic2

Neurotransmitter8

Postsynaptic7

Inhibit5

Fasciculations2

Post-synaptic2

Neuronal nicotinic1

Binds4

Depolarization6

Neurons9

Synaptic3

Stimulation4

Fibers9

Inhibition3

Contraction5

Membrane8

Skeletal muscles4

Antagonists2

NAChRs1

Cranial6

Peripheral nerve7

Neuron9

Autoimmune1

Physiological1

Paralysis2

Weakness6

Cholinesterase inhibitors1

Subtypes1

Upregulation1

Organophosphate2

Bind5

Axon1

Sarin1

Spinal nerves1

Nervous7

Neuromuscular block1

Myasthenia gravis5

Sympathetic2

Terminals2

Repolarize2

Protein3

Exerts2

Electrical impulses1

Olfactory2

Impulses2

Pharyngeal muscles1

Myocytes2