Neutrophil apoptosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Neutrophil apoptosis was reduced by increasing the extracellular concentration of glucose, but was unaffected by glutamine concentration. (portlandpress.com)
0.05) reduction in the intracellular ATP concentration of neutrophils incubated in the absence of extracellular glucose compared with cells incubated in the presence of 5.5mM glucose. (portlandpress.com)
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) forming neutrophils were found throughout the brain tissue of TBI patients and elevated plasma NET biomarkers correlated with worse outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an essential enzyme for neutrophil extracellular trap formation, is overexpressed with adenoviruses in the cortex of mice 1 day before TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we used the OrganoPlate to develop a humanized 3D in vitro inflammation-on-a-chip model to recapitulate neutrophil transmigration across the endothelium and subsequent migration through the extracellular matrix (ECM). (nature.com)
During an inflammatory response, neutrophils move from the blood to the site of inflammation by transmigrating across the endothelial barrier and through the basement membrane (BM) of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). (nature.com)
In a recent Nature Reviews Immunology journal study, researchers assess the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. (news-medical.net)
Neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. (news-medical.net)
The ability to degrade neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is reduced in a subset of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (biomedcentral.com)
Following transcytosis and macrophage apoptosis, Shigella avoids extracellular exposure and spreads intercellularly using actin polymerization processes (rocket propulsion). (wikidoc.org)
COVID-19 is characterized by severe acute lung injury, which is associated with neutrophil infiltration and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). (biomedcentral.com)

CONCLUSIONS Monocyte and neutrophil CD44 expression is reduced in SLE, and this may contribute to the impaired recognition and clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by monocyte derived macrophages. (bmj.com)
BAL fluid inflammatory cell proportions, apoptosis of circulating neutrophils, efferocytosis displayed by alveolar macrophages, and plasma lipid concentrations were compared between groups fed low and high amounts of Ω-3 by use of repeated measures of generalized linear models. (avma.org)
Sivelestat significantly inhibited the increase in lung collagen content, fibrotic changes, the numbers of total cells (including macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes), the levels of the active form of TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad2 in bleomycin-induced early-stage pulmonary fibrosis. (ersjournals.com)
The inflammatory process in patients with stable COPD is dominated by macrophages, CD8+ T‐lymphocytes and neutrophils, and to a lesser extent mast cells, in the bronchial submucosa and alveoli 5 . (ersjournals.com)
Furthermore, cigarette smoke promotes the influx and activation of neutrophils and macrophages. (ersjournals.com)
Neutrophil leukocytes and macrophages represent professional phagocytic cells. (nel.edu)
Immune cell responses induced by DAMPs may include cytokine and chemokine release to activate inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. (nature.com)
Shigella then invades macrophages and induces cellular apoptosis , which results in inflammation , generation of proinflammatory cytokines , and recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). (wikidoc.org)
Following transcytosis, Shigella enters macrophages and induces cellular apoptosis . (wikidoc.org)
Following apoptosis and inflammation, Shigella is released from the macrophages. (wikidoc.org)

Once they have performed their function, neutrophils die by apoptosis, which is important for the effective resolution of the inflammatory response. (portlandpress.com)
Overall, these findings suggest that induction of an imbalanced immune tolerance in monocytes by P. gingivalis LPS, which favors continued secretion of IL-8 but decreased TNF-a production, may be associated with enhanced migration of neutrophils to the site of infection but also with decreased apoptosis and may play a role in the chronic inflammatory state seen in periodontal disease. (elsevierpure.com)
Inflammatory diseases are often characterised by excessive neutrophil infiltration from the blood stream to the site of inflammation, which damages healthy tissue and prevents resolution of inflammation. (nature.com)
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells formed confluent vessels against collagen I and geltrex mix, a mix of basement membrane extract and collagen I. TNF-α-stimulation of vessels upregulated inflammatory cytokine expression and promoted neutrophil transmigration. (nature.com)
This multi-step process is enabled by inflammatory receptors and molecules expressed by the endothelial cells which capture the neutrophils and support their extravasation, alongside gradients of chemokines that guide the neutrophils through the ECM. (nature.com)
Conversely, neutrophil transmigration is a potential drug target for treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions. (nature.com)
Recent research has shown that neutrophils, particularly NETs released upon activation, have critical roles in the onset and progression of systemic autoimmune disorders and in the development of complex inflammatory responses that cause organ damage. (news-medical.net)
Inflammatory responses primarily involve innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, which are the leading cause of autoinflammatory disorders. (news-medical.net)
Neutrophil apoptosis may be inhibited, enhancing the release of inflammatory mediators. (msdmanuals.com)

OBJECTIVE To determine the expression of CD44 on peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils in SLE, and examine the relations with disease activity and numbers of circulating apoptotic neutrophils. (bmj.com)
It is highly expressed on neutrophils and monocytes, and at lower levels on the subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes and NK cells. (biolegend.com)
Objectives Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are autoimmune vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies that target proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO) found within neutrophils and monocytes. (bmj.com)
Endotoxin priming significantly increased neutrophil viability with no effect on lymphocyte viability or TLR4 expression by neutrophils and monocytes. (avma.org)
Flow cytometric estimation of the apoptotic marker CD95 in peripheral neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes was done for 18 infants with non-oedematous protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and 12 oedematous ones, on hospital admission and after supervised nutritional rehabilitation, and compared with 12 matched controls. (who.int)

Altogether, we are the first to demonstrate that NETs inhibition with Cl-amidine ameliorated neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological deficits via STING-dependent IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition of neutrophil proteases inhibited neutrophil transmigration on geltrex mix, but not collagen I. These findings highlight the important role of the ECM in determining cell phenotype and response to inhibitors. (nature.com)
Four different glucocorticoids caused a dose-dependent inhibition of apoptosis leading to increased survival of neutrophils. (aai.org)
Whereas inhibition of p38/MAPK did not result in improved neutrophil defense, pharmacological blockade of the phagocyte oxidase (PHOX) or its genetic ablation mimicked the impaired antimicrobial activity detected under high salt conditions. (frontiersin.org)
We found a significantly lower expression of key autophagy- (ATG-) related genes in primary AML as compared to healthy granulocytes, an increased autophagic activity during all- trans retinoic acid- (ATRA-) induced neutrophil differentiation, and an impaired AML differentiation upon inhibition of ATG3, ATG4D, and ATG5. (hindawi.com)
These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
The results demonstrated that NAC pretreatment alleviated LPS‑induced apoptosis and inhibition of NO production in HUVECs. (spandidos-publications.com)

Manganese superoxide dismutase and heat shock protein 70 are not necessary for suppression of apoptosis in human peripheral blood neutrophils. (mcmaster.ca)
Vulnerability to infection is extremely high in patients with agranulocytosis, which is the virtual absence of neutrophils in peripheral blood, with ANC typically lower than 100/μL. (medscape.com)
Enhanced apoptosis in the leukocytes of peripheral blood of PEM patients may be a marker of increased infection and immune disturbances. (who.int)

Although not infected by an ebolavirus, lymphocytes undergo apoptosis resulting in decreased lymphocyte counts. (cdc.gov)

In the analysis of immune infiltration, ATF2 was negatively correlated with T cells but positively correlated with neutrophils and endothelial cells. (hindawi.com)
However, the effects of NAC on LPS‑induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the associated mechanisms are not well characterized. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, few studies have investigated LPS-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The apoptosis of endothelial cells is a key event that may impair the integrity of the vessel wall and lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Toll-like receptor activation, cytokine network induction, and accumulation of neutrophils at the site of inflammation are important in the host defense against infection. (elsevierpure.com)
At the same time, induction of immune tolerance and the clearance of neutrophils from the site of infection are essential in the control of the immune response, resolution of inflammation, and prevention of tissue destruction. (elsevierpure.com)
These results indicate that HBO improves ischemic wound healing by downregulation of HIF-1alpha and subsequent target gene expression with attenuation of cell apoptosis and reduction of inflammation. (nih.gov)
Alexander är vidare en av initativtagarna till och temakoordinator för Tema: akut inflammation i ORUs strategiska forskningssatsning X-HiDE. (oru.se)
Macrophage apoptosis results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1-beta and IL-18), which signal intestinal inflammation and consequent activation of the innate immune system . (wikidoc.org)
As Shigella infiltrates the epithelial cells, activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-KB) by Shigella generates IL-8 , which in turn mediates the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to the site of inflammation. (wikidoc.org)
LPS (also referred to as endotoxin) is one of the important virulence factors that is known to mediate inflammation and apoptosis ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
I have chosen to study a group of severe autoimmune diseases with acute inflammation in the vessels, called anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated systemic vasculitis (AAV). (lu.se)

In this study, we demonstrate that HBEC-CM also induces increased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in neutrophils. (mcmaster.ca)
A series of caspases proteins have been shown to be activated by the death induced signal complex [a form of death ligand that binds to the corresponding death receptor on the cell surface ( 13 )], which in turn induces apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)

High salt caused reduced spontaneous movement, degranulation and impaired production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) while leaving neutrophil viability unchanged. (frontiersin.org)

Vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, and neutrophil infiltration were reduced in ischemic wounds treated with HBO. (nih.gov)

We examined the direct effects of glucocorticoid treatment on neutrophil survival and function in vitro. (aai.org)
The effect of PRLM on neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis was examined in vitro. (avma.org)
Molecular targets of the natural antioxidant pterostilbene: effect on protein kinase C, caspase-3 and apoptosis in human neutrophils in vitro. (nel.edu)

We hypothesized that glucose and/or glutamine significantly alter rates of spontaneous and anti-Fas antibody-induced apoptosis of human neutrophils cultured ex vivo . (portlandpress.com)
Equally, studying neutrophils using in vivo animal models has important ethical implications and can inaccurately model human physiology 5 . (nature.com)
These data indicate that glucocorticoids can augment the effector potential of neutrophils by prolonging their survival and functional responsiveness, and such treatment might be detrimental in vivo because of delay in neutrophil apoptosis and in ultimate clearance of them from tissues. (aai.org)

BACKGROUND Increased numbers of apoptotic neutrophils, and impaired monocyte/macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, have been demonstrated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (bmj.com)
We have previously shown that granulocyte (G-CSF) and granulocyte/macrophage (GM-CSF) colony-stimulating factors present in human bronchial epithelial cell conditioned medium (HBEC-CM) suppress apoptosis in neutrophils. (mcmaster.ca)
Since patients with GPA have augmented neutrophil PR3 expression, and PR3-expressing apoptotic cells frustrate macrophage phagocytosis and cellular clearance, we investigated the role of PR3 in stimulating giant cell and granuloma formation. (bmj.com)

Lung cell apoptosis was determined by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and lymphocyte influx and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry. (cdc.gov)
Calcitriol had no significant effect on the degree of neutrophil or lymphocyte apoptosis, nor was neutrophil and monocyte TLR4 expression affected in unprimed or endotoxin-primed leukocytes. (avma.org)

Neutrophil elastase plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. (ersjournals.com)
In the bleomycin-induced early-stage pulmonary fibrosis model, the neutrophil elastase level was increased in the lungs. (ersjournals.com)

Cl-amidine, 2′3′-cGAMP (an activator of stimulating Interferon genes (STING)), C-176 (a selective STING inhibitor), and Kira6 [a selectively phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha [IRE1α] inhibitor] were administrated to explore the mechanism by which NETs promote neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
Neutrophils form NETs presenting in the circulation and brain at 3 days after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
Many of the autoantigens generated by neutrophils in NETs, including double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), citrullinated peptides, histones, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and proteinase 3 (PRTN3), are known to be attacked by the adaptive immune system observed in systemic autoimmunity. (news-medical.net)
Particularly in the initial phases of the disease, rheumatoid arthritis patients have an abundance of neutrophils in their inflamed joints that might produce NETs locally. (news-medical.net)
NETs consist of chromatin and antimicrobial enzymes that are released from neutrophils as a "last-resort" defense to trap and kill pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
The formation of NETs is known as NETosis, and it starts with neutrophil activation by pattern recognition receptors (TLRs, e.g.) or chemokines. (biomedcentral.com)

Primary human neutrophils incubated with P. gingivalis LPS-treated naïve monocyte supernatant displayed a high migration index and increased apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
In contrast, neutrophils treated with P. gingivalis LPS-tolerized monocyte supernatant showed a high migration index but significantly decreased apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
Monocyte and neutrophil density of surface CD44 expression was determined by immunofluorescence labelling and flow cytometry, and results expressed as mean channel fluorescence (MCF) values. (bmj.com)
Monocyte, but not neutrophil, CD44 expression correlated negatively with the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils. (bmj.com)
There was no significant correlation of monocyte or neutrophil CD44 expression in SLE with disease activity or damage. (bmj.com)

The addition of a competitive inhibitor of glycolysis, 2-deoxy- d -glucose (10mM), attenuated the protective effect of 5.5mM glucose, indicating that glucose metabolism is essential for its protective effect against apoptosis. (portlandpress.com)
The results of CCK‑8 and flow cytometric analyses showed that pretreatment of HUVECs with NAC or p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) attenuated LPS‑induced decrease in cell viability and increase in cell apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)

Infection with E. ewingii may delay neutrophil apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is a tickborne rick- chemical tests for Ehrlichia chaffeensis , the causative ettsial infection of neutrophils caused by Anaplasma agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) were nega- phagocytophilum . (cdc.gov)
Neutrophils play a vital role in protecting against infection, so the duration and severity of neutropenia directly correlate with the total incidence of all infections, including those that are life threatening. (medscape.com)

1997. Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to convert hydroxyl-amino acids into glycolaldehyde, 2-hydroxypropanal, and acrolein. (cdc.gov)

Neutrophils are phagocytic cells of the innate immune system that use a combination of reactive oxygen species and anti-microbial toxins to kill and destroy ingested micro-organisms. (portlandpress.com)
Formation of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils of rats with adjuvant arthritis and generation of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7. (nel.edu)

Previous studies have suggested that neutrophils as the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and the first peripheral immune cells to reach the contused brain are highly involved in regulating neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis after brain injury [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

ODE-induced AHR was significantly attenuated in MyD88 KO mice, and neutrophil influx and cytokine/chemokine production were nearly absent in MyD88 KO animals after ODE challenges. (cdc.gov)
Mice deficient in TLR9, TLR4, and IL-18R, but not IL-1IR, demonstrated partial protection against ODE-induced neutrophil influx and cytokine/chemokine production. (cdc.gov)

Thus, we conclude that induction of stress proteins is associated with, but not necessary for, suppression of apoptosis. (mcmaster.ca)
We now show that during early apoptosis limited membrane permeabilization occurs in blebs and apoptotic bodies, which allows release of proteins that may affect the proximal microenvironment before the catastrophic loss of membrane integrity during secondary necrosis. (nature.com)

The mitochondrial pathway is also referred to as the endogenous apoptosis pathway ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Therefore, the shift from apoptosis to secondary necrosis is more graded than a simple binary switch, with the membrane permeabilization of apoptotic bodies and consequent limited release of DAMPs contributing to the transition between these states. (nature.com)

Numerous studies have linked neutrophils to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity. (news-medical.net)
Decreased Neutrophil Apoptosis in Quiescent ANCA-Associated Systemic Vasculitis. (lu.se)

most of the neutrophils in the body are contained in the bone marrow, either as mitotically active (one third) or postmitotic mature cells (two thirds). (medscape.com)
Apoptosis allows for efficient and immunologically silent removal of damaged or superfluous cells in multicellular organisms. (nature.com)
Granulomas are exclusively found in GPA and form around multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), at sites of microabscesses, containing apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils. (bmj.com)
Apoptosis refers to the self-regulated and orderly death of cells controlled by genes in order to maintain the stability of internal environment ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In other cells, apoptosis may be augmented, increasing cell death and thus worsening organ function. (msdmanuals.com)

Glucocorticoid treatment inhibits apoptosis in human neutrophils. (aai.org)

When added in combination, dexamethasone did not increase survival with LPS, but did augment the effect of GM-CSF, suggesting diversity in the mechanisms by which these stimuli regulate apoptosis. (aai.org)
However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the autoregulatory apoptosis of glia and the termination of neuroinflammation. (jneurosci.org)

After sample incubation, LPS-stimulated leukocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-10 (IL10) was measured with a canine-specific multiplex assay, and apoptosis and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression were evaluated via flow cytometry. (avma.org)

Since neutrophils produce enzymes like peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) that catalyze the conversion of arginine to citrulline, they are a key source of citrullinated antigens. (news-medical.net)

More study is ic and serologic studies indicated a close or identical rela- needed to define the immunology and pathogenetic mech- anisms and to understand why severe disease develops in tionship to the veterinary pathogens of neutrophils, E . equi some persons and why some animals become long-term and E . ( Cytoecetes ) phagocytophila . (cdc.gov)

Our findings suggest that increases in local Na + represent an ionic checkpoint that prevents excessive ROS production of neutrophils, which decreases their antimicrobial potential and could potentially curtail ROS-mediated tissue damage. (frontiersin.org)

Neutrophils in Barth syndrome (BTHS) avidly bind annexin-V in the absence of apoptosis. (lu.se)

Like Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia ewingii infects neutrophils. (wikipedia.org)
Here we show that, in neutrophils, increases in Na + (high salt, HS) impair the ability of human and murine neutrophils to eliminate Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . (frontiersin.org)
Suppression of oxidative burst in human neutrophils with the naturally occurring serotonin derivative isomer from Leuzea carthamoides. (nel.edu)
Nosal R, Perecko T, Jancinova V, Drabikova K, Harmatha J, Svitekova K. Suppression of oxidative burst in human neutrophils with the naturally occurring serotonin derivative isomer from Leuzea carthamoides. (nel.edu)

NADPH oxidase is also thought to regulate the activity neutrophils (15). (bartleby.com)

Siglec-9 plays a role in negative regulation of T cell activation, and it also affects neutrophil apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis. (lu.se)

2 , 3 A key feature of apoptosis has been defined as the maintenance of an intact cellular membrane (detectable as exclusion of impermeable dyes such as propidium iodide, PI) throughout the apoptotic program to prevent intracellular protein release and subsequent immunological activation. (nature.com)

Although neutrophils play an important role in fighting intruding invaders, the impact of increased Na + on the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils remains elusive. (frontiersin.org)
Stimulation of neutrophils with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) overcame high salt-induced impairment in ROS production and restored antimicrobial activity of neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)

A common reference range for the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), which is calculated on the basis of the percentage of neutrophils in the white blood cell count (see the Absolute Neutrophil Count calculator) is 2500-8000/µL. (medscape.com)
Autoantigens can be altered and presented to the adaptive immune system due to dysregulated neutrophil cell death. (news-medical.net)
No difference was evident in the small degree of ODE-induced lung-cell apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
The death receptor pathway plays an important role in cell apoptosis ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

As the condition worsens, neutrophil-specific gene expression is enriched in the neutrophil populations of SLE patients relative to healthy controls. (news-medical.net)

Neutrophil apoptosis was measured by morphology in 15 patients with SLE, nine with RA, and six normal subjects. (bmj.com)

Anatomy27

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