Neutralizing antibodies dengue viruses neutralization tests. Medical search. Frequent questions

Limited cross-neutralization between Zika virus and DENV. (cdc.gov)
DENV, dengue virus. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Module A contained serum samples spiked with cultured dengue virus (DENV) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) for the detection of nucleic acid and DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen. (who.int)
Module B contained human serum samples for the detection of anti-DENV antibodies. (who.int)
Among 20 laboratories testing Module A, 17 (85%) correctly detected DENV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 18 (90%) correctly determined serotype and 19 (95%) correctly identified CHIKV by RT-PCR. (who.int)
suggested that there are 390 million dengue virus (DENV) infections per year, of which 96 million manifest clinically. (who.int)
Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although dengue virus (DENV) control strategies have targeted vector control and disease surveillance, the development of an effective vaccine is the holy grail of prevention. (blogspot.com)
A candidate vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA) containing all 4 DENV serotypes is in advanced clinical testing. (blogspot.com)
Although protective immunity was raised in susceptible rhesus monkeys inoculated with all 4 DENVs at a single site, inoculation of 4 chimeric dengue viruses at 1 or 2 sites did not result in neutralizing antibody responses to all 4 DENV ( 3 ). (blogspot.com)
It has therefore been assumed that persons with DENV neutralizing antibodies are protected against infection. (blogspot.com)
In clinical testing of the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine, failure of multiple booster doses to show protection was unexpected because the children were already substantially immune from prior exposure to DENV or Japanese encephalitis vaccine. (blogspot.com)
There is evidence that DENV neutralization titers differ when the same antibodies are assayed in epithelial and Fc-receptor-bearing cells ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
4) Transcriptional profiling of DENV virus infection (Joint College of Medicine/Engineering Biomedical Engineering grant with Donna Rizzo and John Hanley from UVM and Sam Scarpino from Northeastern). (uvm.edu)
Adapt the microneutralization test (MNT) to detect neutralizing antibodies against dengue serotype 2 virus (DENV-2) in the Vero-76 cell line. (cmp.org.pe)
DENV-2 was propagated by carrying out 5 successive passages in the Vero-76 cell line, then the virus was titrated in microplates and 2 methods were evaluated: complete monolayer and cell suspension, and the optimal coloring day was determined. (cmp.org.pe)
nbsp;Obtained the results, it was evaluated by the MNT for DENV-2: 5 sera negative to DENV-2 and YFV, 5 sera negative to DENV-2 and seropositive to YFV and 5 seropositive sera to DENV-2 confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. (cmp.org.pe)
MNT allows the detection of IgG antibodies against DENV-2, provides reliable results and a greater number of samples can be analyzed with material savings. (cmp.org.pe)
Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) share a lot of similarities being both phylogenetically closely related, share the same insect vector passage for reaching the host, affinity for the same carbohydrate. (biomedcentral.com)
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. (creative-biolabs.com)

Neutralizing activity is displayed as a percentage of the number of foci or plaques counted for naïve human serum at each dilution. (cdc.gov)
Neutralization of 4 Zika virus strains, H/PF/2013 (A), PRVABC59 (B), MR766 (C), and Dakar 41519 (D) by human immune serum was determined by focus-reduction neutralization test on Vero cel s. (cdc.gov)
Due to the temporal nature of Zika virus RNA in serum and urine, a negative NAAT does not exclude recent Zika infection. (cdc.gov)
FDA has cleared one enzyme immunoassay to detect Zika virus IgM antibodies in serum and currently has issued Emergency Use Authorizations external icon for other IgM antibody assays to diagnose Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
The HI assay is used to measure the level of antibodies in a patient's serum that will prevent the agglutination of susceptible erythrocytes by inactivated antigens that are able to attach to the erythrocyte receptors on red blood cells. (canada.ca)
A fourfold or greater increase or decrease in titre between the acute phase and convalescent phase serum is considered to be diagnostic of infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus. (canada.ca)
Yellow Fever, Dengue, Powassan, etc.) detection of total anti-JE virus specific antibody in a single serum sample is indicative of past or present exposure to this agent, or a related agent from the same virus genus. (canada.ca)
Serum samples from children given ≥1 doses of the dengue chimeric vaccine can now be tested for primary neutralizing antibody responses to each of the 4 DENVs. (blogspot.com)
It accurately measures neutralising antibody titres in human serum samples within as little as 24 h. (pasteur.fr)
cell / mL) and percentages of fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 2%, 3% and 4%, passages number of virus stock and incubation days were evaluated. (cmp.org.pe)
Virus-specific IgM antibodies in CSF or serum. (cdc.gov)
Virus-specific IgM antibodies in CSF or serum but with no other testing. (cdc.gov)
The serum neutralization test confirmed that 70 of the 173 ELISA-positive sera had neutralizing antibodies against TBEV. (biomedcentral.com)
These RVPs offer researchers a ready-to-use reagent to reliably test vaccinee serum for influenza neutralization, providing an alternative to the standard assay method requiring laborious preparation of live viruses in cells or eggs. (integralmolecular.com)
28 Indeed, by the time neurological symptoms develop, PCR testing of serum or CSF often returns a negative result. (mja.com.au)
Specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and neutralizing antibodies to the virus in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique: IgM is usually but not always present during acute illness. (medscape.com)
Has clinical laboratory test results (hematology, serum chemistry, or coagulation) with a toxicity score of Grade = 1 at Screening. (who.int)

Diagnostic testing for Zika virus infection can be accomplished using both molecular and serologic methods. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus antibody testing is also complicated by cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, which may make conclusive determination of which flavivirus is responsible for the person's recent infection difficult. (cdc.gov)
FDA has issued Emergency Use Authorizations external icon for multiple NAAT assays to diagnose Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
The meetings provided up-to-date information on the current situation and agreed on a set of actions for the countries to undertake to enhance their preparedness and response capacities to Zika virus infection and its complications. (who.int)
it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
The best way to prevent Zika virus infection is to avoid mosquito bites by avoiding exposure and eliminating mosquito breeding areas. (cdc.gov)
Health care providers should contact their state or local health department about testing patients with symptoms of Zika virus infection and a compatible travel history. (cdc.gov)
In addition to mosquito-to-human transmission, Zika virus infections have been documented through intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection, intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn, sexual transmission, blood transfusion, and laboratory exposure ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Pregnant women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission have an ongoing risk for infection throughout their pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
Health care providers should discuss reproductive life plans, including pregnancy intention and timing, with women of reproductive age in the context of the potential risks associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Evidence suggesting an association of Zika virus infection with an increased risk for congenital microcephaly and other abnormalities of the brain and eye ( 5 ) prompted the World Health Organization to declare the Zika virus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016 ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/ external icon ). (cdc.gov)
There is currently no vaccine or medication to prevent Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Although, the first confirmed Zika virus infection in Brazil were diagnosed in a returning traveller in March 2015. (wikipedia.org)
The inhibiting effect of these drugs on ZIKV infection progression may probably contribute to the absence of neurological disorders associated with the virus despite being endemic in the environment for several decades. (bvsalud.org)
To develop and validate a cell suspension method using Vero 76 cells for culturing Zika virus (ZIKV) based on infection of detached freshly seeded cells. (bvsalud.org)
Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia or conjunctivitis, who traveled to areas with ongoing transmission in the two weeks prior to illness onset. (cdc.gov)
Additional studies are planned to learn more about the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
However, it is not known how many of the microcephaly cases are associated with Zika virus infection and what factors increase risk to the fetus. (cdc.gov)
Guillain-Barré syndrome also has been reported in patients following suspected Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis who recently returned from affected areas. (cdc.gov)
Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Suspected infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus and has travel to endemic area. (canada.ca)
A 4 fold rise or greater in neutralizing antibody titre, is required to document a 'confirmed case' of infection with associated illness. (canada.ca)
Studies on human primary immune responses to dengue infection have identified critical attachment sites on the virion for neutralizing antibodies ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
Myeloid cells are major targets of dengue infection in humans. (blogspot.com)
To our knowledge, only once has an in vitro test correctly predicted which children would be susceptible or have silent infections accompanying a second heterotypic dengue infection ( 9 ). (blogspot.com)
B cells manufacture antibodies which are exquisitely tailored protein tools critical to controlling infection. (uvm.edu)
Alternatively, activated B cells can develop into memory B cells that persist long after infection to provide an institutional memory of those manufactured antibodies to facilitate their rapid remanufacture (or improvement) to protect against a subsequent pathogen encounter. (uvm.edu)
His goal is to develop novel immune metrics and specific antibody tools that can be used to advance vaccine development and to understand host-pathogen interactions during viral infection or vaccination. (uvm.edu)
Our work on dengue and zika immunology draws on an extensive bank of human vaccine clinical trial specimens and natural infection studies in partnership with the Vaccine Testing Center and other collaborators. (uvm.edu)
Therefore, both basic infection research and diagnostic population screenings would benefit from improved methods to determine virus-neutralising activity in patient samples. (pasteur.fr)
Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly (a serious birth defect), eye abnormalities, and a number of developmental impairments termed congenital Zika syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
Prevention involves avoiding mosquito bites, avoiding unprotected sex with a partner at risk of having Zika virus infection, and, for pregnant women and their partners, avoiding travel to areas with ongoing transmission. (msdmanuals.com)
A. albopictus is thought to be a secondary vector of epidemic Zika virus infection in the tropics, but whether it would do so in the more temperate climate of the United States is unclear. (msdmanuals.com)
In 2016 and 2017, cases of locally transmitted Zika virus infection were reported in Miami-Dade County in southeastern Florida and Brownsville, Texas. (msdmanuals.com)
Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
or 2) infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. (blogspot.com)
For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. (blogspot.com)
Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)
The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported a marked increase from previous years in the number of infants born with microcephaly and intracranial calcifications in 2015, although it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection ( 6 , 8 - 11 ). (blogspot.com)
The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is made through molecular and serologic testing ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
and monoclonal recombinant antibodies are also currently being pursued for prevention of HIV-1 infection in large Phase IIb clinical trials (NTC02716675 and NCT02568215). (frontiersin.org)
When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
Although the mice initially infected with Chikungunya had low levels of neutralizing antibodies in their bloodstream, these levels rose rapidly after secondary infection with Mayaro, inducing cross-protection against the latter. (azolifesciences.com)
The levels of antibodies produced after each infection were measured. (azolifesciences.com)
Production of memory cells [ B and T lymphocytes ] takes time, but the mice first infected with Chikungunya already had them, so during secondary infection by Mayaro the immune response was faster, including a rise in levels of neutralizing antibodies,' Fumagalli explained. (azolifesciences.com)
This experiment served to demonstrate that antibodies produced in response to infection by Chikungunya also led to cross-protection against Mayaro. (azolifesciences.com)
Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
During virus infection, the specific immune signals produced from infected cells are important for dictating the recruitment and activation of innate or adaptive immune cells that are required to fight virus infection. (nature.com)
For SARS-CoV-2, lung epithelial cells are the primary site of infection and therefore are responsible for initiating immune responses to virus infection. (nature.com)
In addition to direct viral sensing, cells have also evolved ways to detect the indirect effects of virus infection, such as nuclear or mitochondrial damage caused by the heavy cellular burden imposed by virus replication. (nature.com)
Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
Although antibody (Ab)-mediated immunity against HIV-1 has been the focus of intense research, the role of Abs in preventing HIV-1 infection remains to be fully elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
Another consideration in modeling natural infection in humans is the nature of transmitted HIV-1 strains: most such viruses are relatively difficult to neutralize (tier 2 neutralization phenotype). (biomedcentral.com)
On the contrary, second dose of vaccination has been shown to produce enough antibodies against COVID-19 infection, suggestive of its efficiency. (metropolisindia.com)
Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France. (ox.ac.uk)

Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) are quantitative assays that measure virus-specific neutralizing antibody titers. (cdc.gov)
These results were obtained even though 91% of the children had circulating dengue or Japanese encephalitis antibodies before vaccination, neutralizing antibodies developed to all 4 DENVs, and neutralizing antibody titers increased 2-3 fold after 3 doses of vaccine in 80%-90% of vaccinated children. (blogspot.com)
Currently assessing neutralizing Ab titers for vaccinated subjects. (ivi.int)
Significant antibody titers include levels of more than 320 by hemagglutination inhibition, more than 128 by complement fixation, more than 256 by immunofluorescence, or more than 160 by plaque reduction neutralization test. (medscape.com)
In the first phase test of the two vaccines, high titers of neutralizing antibodies can be induced, and strong CD4+ and CD8+ reactions are produced, accompanied by mild to moderate adverse reactions. (medicaltrend.org)

In the United States, the current ACIP YF vaccine recommendations note that "[International Health Regulations] require revaccination at intervals of 10 years to boost antibody titer. (cdc.gov)
IVI tested international standard candidates in terms of binding antibody titer and neutralizing antibody titer, and transferred the results to the United Kingdom's National Institute for Biological Standards and Control. (ivi.int)
To date, IVI has completed two samples for binding antibody titer and neutralizing antibody titer and the KDCA has since provided four additional samples which are undergoing testing. (ivi.int)
We assessed whether polyclonal IgG, isolated from rhesus monkeys (RMs) with high-titer nAbs (termed SHIVIG), could protect RMs against the R5-tropic tier-2 SHIV-2873Nip, which was heterologous to the viruses or HIV-1 envelopes that had elicited SHIVIG. (biomedcentral.com)

About 13.8% of Zika virus-neutralizing antibodies (nAb) did not cross-react with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses suggesting possible monotypic infections. (bvsalud.org)
However, 86% of the sera with ZIKV nAb also neutralized other related viruses at varied degrees: dengue viruses (60.7%), West Nile viruses (23.2%), yellow fever virus (7.1%) and 39.3% were co-infections with chikungunya viruses. (bvsalud.org)
For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. (biomedcentral.com)
FluoRNT: A robust, efficient assay for the detection of neutralising antibodies against yellow fever virus 17D. (pasteur.fr)
Here we describe a robust, objective, and scalable Fluorescence Reduction Neutralisation Test (FluoRNT) for yellow fever virus, relying on flow cytometric detection of cells infected with a fluorescent Venus reporter containing variant of the yellow fever vaccine strain 17D (YF-17D-Venus). (pasteur.fr)
The Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is antigenically and structurally similar to the viruses that cause dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile virus. (msdmanuals.com)
11 It is also possible that prior immunisation with yellow fever virus or JEV vaccine may induce cross-reactive antibodies. (mja.com.au)

This allows me to test the exciting hypothesis that a non-HIV antigen may be required to elicit HIV-bnAbs. (wrfseattle.org)
Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
Some functions, such as neutralization, mainly depend on interaction of the Fv domain ( Figure 1A ) with antigen and are therefore predominantly Fc domain independent. (frontiersin.org)
Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions are also involved in activation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators ( 12 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Progress in this arena, however, is being made with a new generation of merozoite antigen targets identified in recent years that exhibit relatively low levels of polymorphism and against which functional neutralizing antibodies can be raised by vaccination. (nature.com)
Human leucocyte antigen ( HLA ) -DR plays a crucial role in the immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV). (biomedcentral.com)
33 Antigen detection assays are not available for MVEV, but have been used for JEV and Dengue fever virus. (mja.com.au)
This biopsy material tested positively for La Crosse virus antigen on direct immunofluorescence assay. (medscape.com)
Has a positive test result at the Screening Visit for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, or HIV type 1 or 2 antibodies. (who.int)

Despite the specificity of molecular testing, false positive NAAT results have been reported in rare cases and may depend on the type of NAAT assay performed and patient population (i.e., limited or no prevalence of viral transmission) being tested. (cdc.gov)
Serological detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) directed towards Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. (canada.ca)
Isolation of an arbovirus, detection of specific antibody by plaque reduction neutralization assay or detection of nucleic acid by real-time RT-PCR in a clinical specimen would constitute firm evidence of viral association with illness and provide 'confirmed case' status. (canada.ca)
Anti-merozoite vaccine studies have long relied on the standardized in vitro assay of growth inhibition activity (GIA) 12 , whereby purified IgG antibodies are tested against parasites cultured in human red blood cells (RBC) in the absence of other cell types. (nature.com)
For flavivirus-seropositive group, has positive flavivirus test results (including dengue, West Nile, and Zika) as determined by ELISA or other commercially available serological assay. (who.int)

These patients' sera were analyzed for ZIKV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at 90% endpoint. (bvsalud.org)
This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (blogspot.com)
38 Neutralisation tests or an epitope-blocking ELISA can help identify MVEV-specific antibodies. (mja.com.au)

A key goal for HIV-1 envelope immunogen design is the induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). (biomedcentral.com)

Zika virus disease is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ( 1 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are found throughout much of the region of the Americas, including parts of the United States ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is primarily spread by the bite of infected Aedes spp. (phila.gov)
The virus is spread mainly by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is commonly found throughout the tropical and subtropical Americas. (wikipedia.org)
10) Adding to the concern of indigenous dengue transmission is the recent establishment in the United States of another known dengue vector, Aedes albopictus, which was probably imported in shipments of tires from Asia. (cdc.gov)
tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with the primary vector being the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. (frontiersin.org)
Overwintering of La Crosse virus in Aedes triseriatus. (medscape.com)

If Zika virus IgM antibody testing is positive and definitive diagnosis is needed for clinical or epidemiologic purposes, confirmatory PRNT should be performed against Zika and other flaviviruses endemic to the region where exposure occurred. (cdc.gov)
I'm delighted to welcome you to today's COCA call: Update on Interim Zika Virus Clinical Guidance and Recommendations. (cdc.gov)
Updated guidelines include a new recommendation to offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease) who have traveled to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
For pregnant women with clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease,* testing is recommended during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
The early history of dengue is clouded by the similarity of its clinical picture to that of other febrile illnesses. (cdc.gov)
The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (mdpi.com)
This CDC Health Advisory includes information and recommendations about Zika virus clinical disease, diagnosis, and prevention, and provides travel guidance for pregnant women and women who are trying to become pregnant. (cdc.gov)
Clinical symptoms resemble dengue, and while chikungunya is a generally milder disease, debilitating sequelae such as persistent arthralgia have been reported in 36-64% of cases. (who.int)
Patient name and / or identifier (specimen reference number), date of birth, test(s) requested, collection date of specimen, date of on-set of symptoms, and clinical and travel history of patient. (canada.ca)
YF virus causes an estimated 200,000 cases of clinical disease and 30,000 deaths annually [WHO 1992]. (cdc.gov)
Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
To confirm the dengue out-break from suspected clinical samples with the help of molecular diagnostic test (PCR/RT-PCR). (ncdc.gov.in)
The diagnosis of California encephalitis is based on immunology, because the virus is not present in blood or secretions during clinical CNS disease. (medscape.com)

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. (mdpi.com)
INTRODUCTION: Although environmental and human behavioral factors in countries with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks are also common in Nigeria, such an outbreak has not yet been reported probably due to misdiagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
In Borno State, 9.4% of IgG neutralized ZIKV denoting past infections while 13.5% were non-neutralizing IgM and IgG indicating other related virus infections. (bvsalud.org)
ZIKV nAb was significantly distinct among recipients and non-recipients of antibiotic/antimalaria treatments before seeking malaria tests. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSION: The cryptic ZIKV infections underscore the need for differential diagnosis of malaria-suspected febrile patients for arboviruses, especially the Zika virus. (bvsalud.org)
Since the Zika virus (ZIKV) was first the health ministries of the 22 Members preparedness measures. (who.int)
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
7,8 That may also be the case for Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus that was detected in Asia in the 1960s but has recently emerged in the Pacific and the Americas. (who.int)
Zika virus (ZIKV) has been presumed to be endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA), with a low rate of human infections. (ox.ac.uk)
Positive and equivocal samples were confirmed for anti-ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by virus neutralization tests. (ox.ac.uk)
Zika virus seroprevalence observed in the studied blood donors was low, 4.5% in 2003-2004 with an increase in 2015 to 9.9% (P = 0.002), possibly reflecting the increase of ZIKV incident cases reported over this period. (ox.ac.uk)

PRNT might not discriminate between flaviviruses antibodies, especially following secondary flavivirus infections. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Due to the cross-reactive nature of anti-flavivirus antibody, (Eg. (canada.ca)

mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (cdc.gov)
These mosquitoes can also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
All travelers to or residents of areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission should be advised to strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites because of the potential for exposure to Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)

In light of the recent outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States is likely to increase. (cdc.gov)
During outbreaks, humans are the primary amplifying host for Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
French researchers speculated the virus arrived shortly afterwards, in August 2014, when canoeing teams from French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Easter Island, and the Cook Islands, which had been or were experiencing Zika outbreaks, attended the Va'a World Sprint Championships in Rio de Janeiro. (wikipedia.org)
1) Outbreaks of the more severe form of dengue, DHF, occurred in Cuba in 1981 (2) and in Venezuela in 1989. (cdc.gov)
9) Outbreaks of indigenous dengue transmission occurred in Texas in 1980 and again in 1986. (cdc.gov)
Outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been reported previously in Africa, Asia, and islands in the Pacific. (cdc.gov)
1 Estimated to bear around 70% of the global burden, the Asia Pacific region (comprising the World Health Organization [WHO] South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions) is an area of high dengue activity with multiple and large outbreaks occurring yearly. (who.int)
In the Western Pacific Region in 2014 alone, there were outbreaks involving 1513 dengue cases in Solomon Islands, 2 45 171 cases in China and 108 698 cases in Malaysia. (who.int)
In 1947, the Zika virus was first isolated from monkeys in the Zika Forest of Uganda but was not considered an important human pathogen until the first large-scale outbreaks in the South Pacific islands in 2007. (msdmanuals.com)

Twenty-four national-level public health laboratories performed routine diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules. (who.int)
Current assays to determine neutralising activity against viral infections in sera are costly in time and equipment and suffer from high variability. (pasteur.fr)
RVPs display a quantitative and reproducible readout, enabling simple virus infectivity neutralization assays. (integralmolecular.com)
NK-cell depletion decreased the neutralizing activity of SHIVIG 20-fold in PBMC assays. (biomedcentral.com)
29 , 37 Most reference laboratories have developed in-house MVEV serological tests that can detect total antibody by haemagglutination inhibition, IgG by immunofluorescence assays (IFA) or enzyme immunoassays (EIA), and IgM by IFA or EIA. (mja.com.au)

When symptoms are present, the most common signs and symptoms of Zika virus disease include fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
An epidemic of Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, began in Brazil and affected other countries in the Americas from April 2015 to November 2016. (wikipedia.org)
In approximately one in five cases, Zika virus infections result in Zika fever, a minor illness that causes symptoms such as fever and a rash. (wikipedia.org)
While the symptoms resembled dengue fever, testing ruled out this and several other potential causes. (wikipedia.org)

mosquitoes might also transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
Overview of Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Infections Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) is defined as any virus that is transmitted to humans and/or other vertebrates by certain species of blood-feeding arthropods, mostly insects (flies and mosquitoes). (msdmanuals.com)
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes, ticks, sand flies, or midges. (cdc.gov)
Molecular screening of dengue virus in mosquitoes collected from field for early warning signals. (ncdc.gov.in)

The majority of patients with Zika virus infections are asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, infections have been reported among travelers visiting or returning to the United States, and these likely will increase. (cdc.gov)
Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, Zika virus infections have been reported in returning travelers ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic analysis of the first Brazilian infections have strongly indicated that the circulating virus is the Asian, rather than African, strain of the virus, and was genetically similar to the virus found in the outbreak in French Polynesia. (wikipedia.org)
Notably, the cross-reactions could also reflect co-infections as these viruses are also endemic in the country. (bvsalud.org)
However, Zika virus infections have been reported in travelers returning to the United States. (cdc.gov)
However, during the current outbreak, Zika virus infections have been confirmed in several infants with microcephaly and in fetal losses in women infected during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Diehl's work in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics encompasses translational and basic research aimed at understanding the human immune response to viral infections, primarily to dengue virus, zika virus, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2. (uvm.edu)
An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)

The mosquito-borne flaviviruses dengue and zika cause endemic or pandemic disease and long-term sequelae across over 40% of the world's population and there are no broadly licensed vaccines for either. (uvm.edu)
A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. (curehunter.com)
Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is found across Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. (mja.com.au)

Antibodies to coxsackievirus B serotypes are present in 75% of the population in developed countries. (medscape.com)

With IgM antibody testing, false-positive results are more common than with NAAT and can occur due to non-specific reactivity or cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. (cdc.gov)
However, cross-reactive antibodies remain problematic, and may complicate the ability to distinguish between MVEV and other flaviviruses. (mja.com.au)

ABSTRACT Following the WHO declaration on 1 February 2016 of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)

Hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue and DHF are reported each year in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. (cdc.gov)
From 1980 through 1987, 879 632 cases of dengue were reported to the Pan American Health Organization from countries in the American region. (cdc.gov)
The second reason dengue should concern health care providers in this country is the potential for encountering cases of dengue among travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
13-15) From 1980 through 1989, 1457 suspected and 276 confirmed cases of dengue in the continental United States and Hawaii were reported to the Centers for Disease Control. (cdc.gov)
Although the incidence of hemorrhagic dengue in United States travelers abroad is low,(13,15) clinicians in this country may encounter severe cases of dengue, particularly among immigrants from areas with a high incidence of DHF. (cdc.gov)

For symptomatic patients, it is important for providers to place separate testing orders for other arbovirus testing (dengue and chikungunya). (phila.gov)
d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
c,d Arbovirus antisera tested against Tsuruse virus by CF and N methods respectively. (cdc.gov)
Capitalization signifies that the arbovirus antibody was in polyvalent group specific antiserum kindly supplied by Dr. R. Shope at Yale University and Dr. T. Work, while at CDC. (cdc.gov)

Dengue-like epidemics occurred in Egypt and on Java in 1779, but these may actually have been caused by chikungunya virus. (cdc.gov)

Healthcare providers are encouraged to report suspected Zika virus disease cases to their state health department to facilitate diagnosis and to mitigate the risk of local transmission. (cdc.gov)

My curiosity about viruses and immunity stems from my undergraduate studies. (wrfseattle.org)
We believe that the unanticipated results of the dengue vaccine efficacy trial in Thailand call for new methods of assessing dengue immunity. (blogspot.com)
The Omicron S-bearing virus robustly escapes vaccine-induced humoral immunity, mainly due to mutations in the receptor-binding motif (RBM), yet unlike naturally occurring Omicron, efficiently replicates in cell lines and primary-like distal lung cells. (biorxiv.org)
A study conducted at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil suggests people previously infected by Chikungunya virus may develop partial immunity to Mayaro virus. (azolifesciences.com)
Blood-stage vaccines seek to induce antibodies against the merozoite form of the parasite that invades erythrocytes 2 , and could complement pre-erythrocytic immunity afforded by RTS,S/AS01, protect against disease severity and/or reduce transmission by accelerating the control and clearance of blood-stage parasitemia. (nature.com)

It appears Zika's route - from Africa and Asia to Oceania and then the Americas - may mirror that of chikungunya and dengue, both of which are now endemic in a large portion of the Americas. (wikipedia.org)
all the rest were travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)

No vaccines are currently available for Zika virus. (phila.gov)
This knowledge is critical to developing better vaccines and to develop better laboratory tests to determine whether vaccine candidates engage the immune system in a way that is likely to lead to protection. (uvm.edu)
PHILADELPHIA-Integral Molecular, a leader in providing safe, off-the-shelf Reporter Virus Particles (RVPs) to study vaccine efficacy, has expanded its extensive portfolio with RVPs for influenza strains recently recommended by WHO for 2023/2024 seasonal influenza vaccines. (integralmolecular.com)
There are several reasons to be worried about, including faster transmission, more severe illness, decreased neutralisation by antibodies and or reduced efficiency of treatment and vaccines.The pandemic is far from over. (metropolisindia.com)
This mutation allows the virus to better attack lung cells and potentially escape vaccines. (metropolisindia.com)
Moreover, the Delta plus variant of coronavirus, due to its mutation of K417N spike protein, may escape vaccines and antibodies more than the Delta variant. (metropolisindia.com)
Due to the unavailability of mRNA vaccines, the CoronaVac (inactivated) and ChAdOx-1 (virus-vectored) vaccines have been authorized for use as primary COVID-19 vaccines in Thailand since March 2021. (biomedcentral.com)

Symptoms of Zika virus are generally mild and last for several days to a week. (cdc.gov)
Monitor your symptoms and do get an RT-PCR test done if you found yourself facing symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 The Delta variant In view of the growing COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world, health officials are evaluating certain coronavirus mutations and variants that could be more contagious or deadly than the original strain. (metropolisindia.com)

My job is to learn from the patients' samples what is required to induce our immune system to make these super-effective antibodies. (wrfseattle.org)
Viruses continue to change to adapt and survive, and variants emerge when a strain has one or more mutations that induce it to differ from others. (metropolisindia.com)

focus-reduction neutralization test (A, B) or plaque reduction neutralization test (C-F) on Vero cel s. (cdc.gov)
Title : Guidelines for plaque-reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases (U.S.) Published Date : June 2008 Source : Viral immunology. (cdc.gov)
The seroconversion rate of CoronaVac-induced NAbs against the Delta variant has been reported to be only 55.8% according to the plaque-reduction neutralization test [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 5 as a Versatile, Multi-Functional Effector in Host-Pathogen Interactions. (nih.gov)
Chunpeng Yang , Rui Gong , Natalia de Val , 2019: Development of Neutralizing Antibodies against Zika Virus Based on Its Envelope Protein Structure, Virologica Sinica, 34, 168-174. (virosin.org)
Where research scientists come to find up to date resources on antibody discovery against challenging membrane protein targets. (integralmolecular.com)
Using sensitive high-throughput flow cytometry to identify binding interactions on a protein level, this technology has emerged as the leading solution for antibody specificity profiling. (integralmolecular.com)
The antibodies induced by one protein variant were shown to be qualitatively similar to responses induced by other vaccine platforms. (nature.com)
13 , 14 However, the amino acid perfectly maintains the stability of the mutual structural conformation of the virus S-protein and the ACE2 receptor in a holistic manner. (medsci.org)
Most SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates produce an immune response to the spike protein on the surface of the virus. (medicaltrend.org)

While most state health departments and many commercial laboratories perform dengue and Zika virus NAAT and IgM antibody testing, confirmatory neutralizing antibody testing using PRNT is currently only available through a limited number of state health departments and CDC. (cdc.gov)
Serological tests remain the mainstay of confirmatory diagnostic testing. (mja.com.au)

Further work is aimed at identifying novel monoclonal antibodies and T cell responses to the virus. (uvm.edu)
All variants bound the PfRH5 receptor basigin and were recognized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. (nature.com)

A licensed indirect fluorescent antibody test is available for IgG and IgM antibodies to La Crosse virus and may be useful in diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of La Crosse encephalitis and Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the CSF has the potential to identify a broad range of pathogens in a single test (ref DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1803396). (medscape.com)

Antibodies are a key component of the human adaptive immune system, and the elicitation of antibodies has been correlated with vaccine efficacy in many diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
With excellent reproducibility and ease of use, RVPs are commonly used as critical reagents for high-throughput testing of hundreds or thousands of samples in vaccine efficacy trials. (integralmolecular.com)
As AIDS vaccine recipients will not be exposed to strains exactly matching any immunogens due to multiple HIV-1 quasispecies circulating in the human population worldwide, heterologous SHIV challenges are essential for realistic vaccine efficacy testing in primates. (biomedcentral.com)

Testing is available through commercial laboratories, many state health departments, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Questions are limited to clinicians who would like information related to Zika virus disease. (cdc.gov)
In December, the Ministry of Health estimated that 440,000-1,300,000 suspected cases of Zika virus disease had occurred in Brazil in 2015 ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Although serologic evidence indicated additional human exposure during subsequent decades in parts of Africa and Asia, before the 2007 Yap Islands Zika virus outbreak, only 14 cases of human Zika virus disease had been documented. (wikipedia.org)
Dengue Branch and the Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, CID, Fort Collins, CO. Duane J. Gubler, Sc.D and Edward B. Hayes, MD. (cdc.gov)
The purpose of this assignment was to assess our selected article--Isolation of Potent SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies and Protection from Disease in a Small Animal Model--in terms of accuracy, availability, and reliability. (openwetware.org)
Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model. (openwetware.org)
As an arboviral disease, Zika virus disease is a nationally notifiable condition. (blogspot.com)
Dengue is a major public health concern, affecting almost 400 million people worldwide, with about 70% of the global burden of disease in Asia. (frontiersin.org)
Each disease requires the production of different types of antibody, although some recognize the same proteins. (azolifesciences.com)
The potential for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to be associated with disease enhancement is of theoretical concern, given similar observations with other respiratory viruses in general, and in animal models of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in particular [14] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
Only a few state laboratories or other specialized laboratories, including those at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are capable of performing this specialized testing. (medscape.com)
TWiV 1045: Less Lassa, CRISPR RNA viruses September 17, 2023 TWiV reviews a Lassa virus mRNA vaccine that confers protection against disease without inducing neutralizing antibodies, and a CRISPR-based method for engineering the genome of RNA viruses. (microbe.tv)

Analysis following immunization of rabbits identified quantitative and qualitative differences in terms of the functional IgG antibody response against the P. falciparum parasite. (nature.com)
Book a quantitative COVID antibody test and check how many antibodies you developed after completing your COVID jabs. (metropolisindia.com)

One of the most effective prevention measures against YF is vaccination with the live, attenuated YF 17D substrain virus vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Negative urine pregnancy test at the Screening visit and at the day of each vaccination for females of childbearing potential. (who.int)

To prevent human-to-mosquito-to-human transmission, persons infected with Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus should protect themselves from mosquito exposure during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
Then, in May 2015, researchers from the Federal University of Bahia and the Evandro Chagas Institute determined, using the RT-PCR technique, that the illness was an outbreak of Zika virus. (wikipedia.org)
14,18,19) Nevertheless through the first half of the 20th century, dengue was generally described as a self-limited, nonfatal febrile illness, with occasional hemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and menorrhagia, that only rarely resulted in more severe or fatal outcomes. (cdc.gov)
We assessed predominantly pediatric patients in Vietnam with dengue and other febrile illness 3 months after acute illness. (researchgate.net)
More recently we seek to understand how norovirus, a family of viruses for which there is no vaccine and causes significant gastrointestinal illness (vomiting and diarrhea) and hospitalization can skew the infant antibody response towards those that may not offer protection. (uvm.edu)

The virus has an incubation time of 1 week in the gastrointestinal tract and then, through hematogenous dissemination, involves the target organs, most commonly the skeletal muscles but also the CNS (ie, meningitis, encephalitis) and myocardium (ie, carditis with or without associated pericarditis). (medscape.com)
The virus has an incubation time of 1 week in the gastrointestinal tract and then, through hematogenous dissemination, involves the target organs, most commonly the skeletal muscles but also the central nervous system (CNS) (ie, meningitis, encephalitis) and myocardium (ie, carditis with or without associated pericarditis). (medscape.com)
Ribavirin (already established as therapy for hepatitis C virus, which is also in the Flaviviridae family) was used in a study of 153 Indian children with JEV encephalitis, but did not indicate any benefit compared with placebo. (mja.com.au)
46 There are numerous reports of immunotherapy for WNV encephalitis in Israel and the United States with WNV-specific intravenous immunoglobulin (Omr-IgG-am, Omrix Biopharmaceuticals, Tel Aviv, Israel) obtained from donors with high titres of WNV antibodies. (mja.com.au)
California encephalitis virus, a newly described agent. (medscape.com)

For this reason, Zika virus immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody testing is recommended in certain situations . (cdc.gov)

Zika virus like other vector-borne diseases poses a particular challenge to the countries because of their complex nature which requires multidisciplinary competencies and strong rapid interaction among committed sectors. (who.int)
e WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Tropical and Emerging Virus Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. (who.int)
In other words, Mayaro and Chikungunya trigger the production of different antibodies, but some of these antibodies are effective against both diseases,' Fumagalli said. (azolifesciences.com)

I study the developmental pathway of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in longitudinal samples of super-infected individuals. (wrfseattle.org)
These super defenses are called broadly neutralizing antibodies. (wrfseattle.org)
With this information, I hope to design a template for a vaccine that can teach our bodies to make HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies from scratch and protect us against HIV diversity. (wrfseattle.org)
SHIVIG demonstrated binding to HIV Gag, Tat, and Env of different clades and competed with the broadly neutralizing antibodies b12, VRC01, 4E10, and 17b. (biomedcentral.com)

Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions are important components of the immune response that provide mechanisms for clearance of infected host cells, immune complexes, or opsonized pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
The immune response to pathogens is both innate [ macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells ] and adaptive [ B and T lymphocytes ], as well as involving soluble mediators such as antibodies and cytokines. (azolifesciences.com)
Classic examples of VAED are atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurring after administration of inactivated vaccine for these pathogens. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)

In March 2020 we implemented broad serological testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus underlying COVID-19 used to profile hospitalized COVID-19 patients as well as those exposed to the virus but did not require hospitalization. (uvm.edu)
20 , 29 - 32 The use of PCR in conjunction with serological tests can increase the sensitivity of WNV diagnostic tests to 94% compared with 45% for serological tests alone. (mja.com.au)

Low Zika Virus Seroprevalence in Vientiane, Laos, 2003-2015. (ox.ac.uk)

He studied how naïve B cells that do not yet make antibodies, become activated (in part by CD4+ T cells) to scale up and develop into antibody-producing cellular factories such as plasmablasts and plasma cells. (uvm.edu)
When a vaccine is administered to an individual, they can make antibodies to many different parts of the virus. (metropolisindia.com)

2017 . Persistent arthralgia associated with chikungunya virus outbreak, US Virgin Islands, December 2014-February 2016 . (ajtmh.org)

Detailed studies on innate immune responses in human myeloid cells with a variety of dengue immune complexes should proceed forthwith. (blogspot.com)

3) Defining B cell memory to Dengue and Zika and developing potent neutralizing antibodies (CDC and NIH, Collaboration with A. De Silva, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill). (uvm.edu)
These Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions provide a direct link between the innate and adaptive immune systems by combining the potent antiviral activity of innate effector cells with the diversity and specificity of the adaptive humoral response. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we aimed to develop a potent SARS-CoV-2 antibody w. (biomedcentral.com)

A total of 4114 individual goat sera were screened for TBEV-specific antibodies using immunological methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Peng-cheng Yu , Akira Noguchi , Satoshi Inoue , Qing Tang , Simon Rayner , Guo-dong Liang , 2012: Comparison of RFFIT Tests with Different Standard Sera and Testing Procedures * , Virologica Sinica, 27, 187-193. (virosin.org)

5) Cellular and molecular characterization of dengue-associated rash (Merck). (uvm.edu)
To indicate the dengue virus type and genotype of the Dengue out-break with the help of molecular characterization and genotyping of dengue virus based on gene sequencing. (ncdc.gov.in)

Although dengue is primarily a health problem of tropical areas, it is of potential concern to health care providers in the continental United States for two reasons. (cdc.gov)

Consequently, in areas with high prevalence of dengue and Zika virus neutralizing antibodies, PRNT may not confirm a significant proportion of IgM positive results. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, such jurisdictions should make informed decisions about the utility of PRNT confirmation of IgM results depending on the prevalence of dengue and Zika virus neutralizing antibodies and observed performance of PRNT to confirm IgM test results. (cdc.gov)

Before boosting, the median % inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the wild-type (WT), Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants in the ChAdOx-1 and BNT162b2 groups was 52.8% vs. 53.4, 36.6% vs. 39.9, 5.2% vs. 13.7, 34.3% vs. 44.9, and 20.8% vs. 18.8%, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Detection of the TBE virus (TBEV) in local populations of Ixodes ricinus ticks is the most reliable proof that a given area is at risk for TBE, but this approach is time-consuming and expensive. (biomedcentral.com)
Xue-ling WU , Chun-tao ZHANG , Xiao-ke ZHU , You-chun WANG , 2010: Detection of HPV Types and Neutralizing Antibodies in Women with Genital Warts in Tianjin City, China, Virologica Sinica, 25, 8-17. (virosin.org)

7) Dengue or dengue-like epidemics were reported through- out the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Americas, southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia and on various islands in the Indian Ocean, South and Central Pacific and the Caribbean. (cdc.gov)

This study randomly recruited 496 malaria-suspected patients who visited selected health institutions in Adamawa, Bauchi, and Borno states for malaria tests. (bvsalud.org)
However, pleurodynia most commonly affects adults infected with the virus, with fewer than 10% of cases occurring in patients younger than 20 years. (medscape.com)
This work in the lab of Dr. Hergen Spits at the University of Amsterdam provided mechanistic insights which formed the groundwork of a new technique that Sean's lab uses to discover new anti-viral antibodies from patients. (uvm.edu)

RVPs are "pseudoviruses" lacking viral components that enable replication, and so are safe under standard (BSL2) laboratory conditions, unlike many viruses or pandemic strains that require restrictive and limited (BSL4) facilities. (integralmolecular.com)
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that has rapidly spread, causing a global pandemic. (nature.com)

The West Nile virus (WNC) first appeared in North America in 1999. (mdpi.com)

Different Zika virus strains have similar neutralization profiles. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the establishment and recent spread of lineage II WNV virus strains into Western Europe and the presence of neurovirulent and neuroinvasive strains among them is a cause of major concern. (mdpi.com)
Integral Molecular's seasonal Influenza RVPs represent specific strains for influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 and influenza B. Integral Molecular also offers a broad range of RVPs for other influenza strains including A H5N1 and H7N9, along with RVPs for an extensive selection of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and dengue, Zika, chikungunya, Ebola, and Nipah viruses. (integralmolecular.com)

People infected with Zika can transmit the virus to their sexual partners. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms77

Diseases40

Chemicals and Drugs60

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes30

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Information Science4

Health Care7

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Flavivirus3

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Outbreaks9

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Fever4

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Infections13

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Associated with Zika virus2

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Arbovirus4

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Immunity5

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20171

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