• Inhibition studies using other amino acids or their analogues provided information about the specificity of this system. (docksci.com)
  • Kinetic studies of the inhibition of L-alanine uptake also indicated the presence of a second neutral amino acid transport system capable of transporting this amino acid. (docksci.com)
  • Inhibition of the uptake of L-leucine indicated that this transport system has a similar specificity to the '%''-system initially described for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. (docksci.com)
  • Recent research has shown that GPNA can inhibit multiple other amino acid transporters and that GPNA's inhibition of cell viability is likely due to off-target effects from the activity of the γ-Glutamyltransferase enzyme rather than the disruption of glutamine metabolism [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In comparison with GPNA, V-9032 has approximately 100-fold increased potency in blocking cellular glutamine uptake, and inhibition of SLC1A5 with V-9032 was demonstrated to cause cell death, disrupt redox equilibrium, and result in disrupted development and progression of cancer [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • mainly involved in uptake, and ABC transporters (ABCs), mainly involved in efflux (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
  • The triangle composed of nutrition, inflammation and immunity, and cancer illustrates how qualitative and quantitative imbalances in food intake predispose organisms, in a manner dependent on or independent of the immune system, to a time-dependent deterioration in function that culminates in the development and progression of cancer. (nature.com)
  • Abnormalities of the immune system are also considered an essential component of PD susceptibility and progression, and this area of research has received increasing attention over the past decade. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This amino acid appears to be transported essentially via a relatively low affinity, high capacity, sodium ion dependent transport system. (docksci.com)
  • Considerable progress has been made in the characterisation of the various amino acid transport systems in bacteria and fungi, but the number and specificity of similar transport systems in mammalian cells is less clear. (docksci.com)
  • The studies reported in this paper describe the transport characteristics of certain neutral amino acids in monolayer cultures of the baby hamster kidney cell line BHK21-Cl3.Lalanine, which has been previously shown to be transported via the three major neutral amino acid transport systems in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (Christensen, '69) was consequently examined in most detail. (docksci.com)
  • Amino acids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups of compounds commonly concentrated by active transport, and their uptake has been studied in a wide variety of microbial and mammalian systems. (docksci.com)
  • 68) via uptake systems specific for single amino acids or groups of structurally related amino acids. (docksci.com)
  • This system with the two main parts and their groups makes it possible to combine two (or more) distinct searches into one search result, while being flexible in removing results from the final list. (diva-portal.org)
  • The α-Syn protein is a small acidic synaptic protein made up of 140 amino acids with a tendency to misfold and aggregate [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ABSTRACT The uptake of L-alanine into BHK21-Cl3 cells i n culture has been studied. (docksci.com)
  • have been carried out to determine the characteristics of the active transport of neutral amino acids by either isolated mammalian cells or cells in culture. (docksci.com)
  • This amino acid was demonstrated to be preferentially transported into BHK2l -C13 cells via a relatively low affinity, high capacity active transport system of broad specificity. (docksci.com)
  • Prior to amino acid transport assay cells were harvested during exponential growth, inoculated into 60 mm petri dishes (Gibco-Biocult) a t a density of 5.3 x lo3 cells/cm' and incubated as above for 48 hours. (docksci.com)
  • CXCR4 has been confirmed to have glia-modulatory and neuromodulatory properties in the central nervous system (CNS) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genomes reveal diverse mobile elements, including an integrative viral genome that bidirectionally replicates in a circular form and aloposons, transposons that encode the 5,000 amino acid-sized proteins Otus and Ephialtes. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
  • The Transporter Classification Database (or TCDB) is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)-approved classification system for membrane transport proteins, including ion channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ROS and MG detoxification systems as a whole did not provide sufficient detoxification capacity to prevent the Mg-deficiency-induced production and accumulation of ROS and MG, thus leading to lipid peroxidation and the loss of plasma membrane integrity, especially in the lower leaves and roots. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2/SLC1A5) is a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • A sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter that accounts for most of the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid uptake by mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
  • The Cystine/glutamate antiporter (system x C - ) is an active transporter for negatively charged amino acids, such as L-glutamate . (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Cystine, which is less soluble than the other amino acids, precipitates in the urine to form renal stones (also known as calculi). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • In the Na(+)-independent transport systems (10-20% of total cysteine transport), multifunctional ectoenzyme/amino acid transporter gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), and the neutral amino acid L-system contributed approximately equally towards cysteine uptake, in both neurons and astrocytes. (nih.gov)
  • L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is overexpressed in many cancer cells, and is associated with poor prognosis. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • The Transporter Classification Database (or TCDB) is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)-approved classification system for membrane transport proteins, including ion channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • 80-90%) for cysteine uptake in both neurons and astrocytes, with a minor contribution from the ASC transport system (Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid transport system for alanine, serine, and cysteine). (nih.gov)
  • Systems A and ASC mainly transport amino acids with short, polar, or linear side chains, such as L-alanine and L-serine. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • System A (alanine-preferring) amino acid transporters are important in regulation of cell growth. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • these usually are not only transported into cells but are also metabolized further and incorporated into proteins, and the uptake of these represents the activity of all these processes. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • The amino acids released from proteins during turnover can then be used for the synthesis of new proteins or for energy generation. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • existing proteins must be broken down to produce these amino acids for new protein synthesis. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • These problems may be compounded by a decreased ability to produce digestive enzymes and new intestinal epithelial cells because of a decreased availability of amino acids for the synthesis of new proteins. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 7.9 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)
  • Activity of amino acid transport can be assessed using radiopharmaceuticals that are transported normally but that cannot be metabolized or used in peptide synthesis. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Normal tissues with high demand for amino acids for peptide synthesis may have high expression of LAT1, too. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • We conducted a review and synthesis of the literature on strategies to increase uptake of HIV testing among MSM. (cdc.gov)
  • The uptake of cysteine in cultured primary astrocytes and neurons. (nih.gov)
  • The amino acid, cysteine, is the key rate-limiting substrate for the biosynthesis of GSH, and the maintenance of adequate intracellular GSH levels is dependent upon the extracellular availability and transport of cysteine into cells. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons were employed to characterize cysteine transport systems. (nih.gov)
  • Both astrocytes and neurons used Na(+)-dependent systems as the major route for cysteine uptake (80-90% of total), while Na(+)-independent uptake represented a minor component of total transport (10-20% of total). (nih.gov)
  • The present studies demonstrate that astrocytes and neurons accumulate cysteine by both Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent uptake systems, with major uptake occurring through the X(AG(-)) system and minor uptake via the ASC, GGT and L-systems. (nih.gov)
  • He had been diagnosed with cystinuria, a genetically determined amino acid substitution in the transport protein that normally reabsorbs cysteine, arginine, and lysine from the kidney lumen back into the renal tubular cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • An increase of dopamine uptake in the brains of EA-treated dement animals was also found. (bas.bg)
  • Tajima's neutrality test applied to HIV sequences in untreated individuals assumed that selection was neutral and predicted much smaller effective populations, of em N /em eff103 [11]. (irjs.info)
  • On a typical day the innate immune system of our gastrointestinal tract will process more immunological information than the rest of our body in its entire lifetime. (clinicaleducation.org)
  • In thisresearch, we contribute a semi-automatic system which is capable of performing robust 3-D segmen-tations on both small and large nodules with good accuracy. (preprints.org)
  • We evaluated the impact of a combined data-to-care and patient navigation system that was implemented in 3 cities in Louisiana from 2013 to 2015. (cdc.gov)
  • The sequence data reveal fixation of two alleles, both corresponding to an amino-acid alternative K103N. (irjs.info)
  • Our previous data revealed significant improving effect of a natural polyphenol Ellagic Acid (EA) on rodent cognitive functions. (bas.bg)
  • The program, LA Links, used a surveillance system to identify PLWH who were not in regular health care and connected them to a patient navigator. (cdc.gov)
  • has written an overview from a clinical perspective of the emerging science related to the mucosal immune system and the health of the brain in relation to affect. (clinicaleducation.org)