Neutral amino acid uptake by mammalian. Medical search. Frequent questions

Secondary active transporters of the SLC11/NRAMP family catalyse the uptake of iron and manganese into cells. (nature.com)
One-by-one depletion of 13 amino acids required for cell proliferation enabled gain-of-function genetic screens using a SLC-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activation approach to uncover transporters relieving cells from growth-limiting metabolic bottlenecks. (life-science-alliance.org)
Among the transporters identified, we characterized the cationic amino acid transporter SLC7A3 as a gene that, when up-regulated, overcame low availability of arginine and lysine by increasing their uptake, whereas SLC7A5 was able to sustain cellular fitness upon deprivation of several neutral amino acids. (life-science-alliance.org)
Because almost all mammalian transporters are selective for L\amino acids, the D\amino acids are generally regarded as unrelated to metabolic pathways. (biopaqc.com)
The kinetic properties are representative of the Na+- dependent high-affinity glutamate-aspartate transporters referred to as the X AG - class of amino acid transporters. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequent to our kinetic identification of the transport process, significant advances have been achieved in the genetic and protein identification and characterization of the X AG - transporter class as EAATs (excitatory amino acid transporters). (biomedcentral.com)
It is well-established that the secondary active transporters Glt Tk and Glt Ph catalyze coupled uptake of aspartate and three sodium ions, but insight in the kinetic mechanism of transport is fragmentary. (nature.com)
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) of the solute carrier family 1A (SLC1A) take up the neurotransmitter L-glutamate from the synaptic environment, which is necessary to keep the extracellular concentration low and prevent neurotoxicity 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
mainly involved in uptake, and ABC transporters (ABCs), mainly involved in efflux (e.g. (biorxiv.org)

They are members of the rBAT family of mammalian proteins (TC #8.A.9). (tcdb.org)
Variations in the amino acids are reflected by small conformational changes in the tertiary structure that contribute to the broad range of biological activities in these proteins. (frontiersin.org)
L-Aspartic acid is used as a cell culture media component for the commercial biomanufacture of therapeutic recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Depending on the length of their fatty acid chains and their degree of saturation, SL species have a strong impact on biophysical membrane parameters such as fluidity or rigidity and curvature, and on interaction with membrane proteins and/or cytoskeletal components, and membrane compartmentalization. (encyclopedia.pub)
The major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) facilitate the transport of water and neutral solutes across the lipid bilayers. (biomedcentral.com)
The activities of chicken extracts are suggested to be related to its active components, including proteins, free amino acids, taurine, many minerals, trace elements, and vitamins. (biomedcentral.com)
L-histidine is one of the 20 standard proteinogenic amino acids present in proteins of all living organisms (Kulis-Horn et al. (europa.eu)

1 L/d of drinking water was associated with concurrent changes in carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and micronutrient metabolism, a metabolomic pattern of carbohydrate oxidation via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, instead of glycolysis to lactate, and a reduction of chronic disease risk factors in Week 6. (ppexmed.com)
The transport domains are mobile and move through the lipid bilayer (alike an elevator) when translocating the amino acid substrate and co-transported ions across the membrane 13 . (nature.com)
Fatty acids provide the acyl skeleton for lipid synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the low volatility in combination with the high water solubility and the negative Log P value indicate that the substance may be too hydrophilic to cross the lipid rich stratum corneum and thus dermal uptake will be unlikely. (europa.eu)
One membrane component that is often subverted by vacuolar bacteria is cholesterol - an abundant lipid that mammalian cells produce de novo at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or acquire exogenously from serum-derived lipoprotein carriers. (microbialcell.com)
In addition, recent placental epithelial transcriptome analysis identified several glucose, amino acid, lipid, vitamin, mineral and hormone transporter mechanisms within the placenta. (biomedcentral.com)
I-LBP, ileal lipid-binding to the aqueous solubility of the fatty acid. (lu.se)

Defensins are small cationic peptides of 45-54 amino acid residues with a conserved signature of cysteines, which can form three to four disulfide bridges. (frontiersin.org)
We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)

have presented the crystal structure of apo-ApcT, a proton-coupled broad-specificity amino acid transporter, at 2.35 Å resolution. (tcdb.org)
The power of the SLC6 family members, the insect neutral amino acid cotransporter KAAT1(K+\coupled amino acid transporter 1) and its homologous CAATCH1(cation anion activated amino acid transporter/channel), to transport D\amino acids offers been investigated through heterologous expression in oocytes and electrophysiological techniques. (biopaqc.com)
This transporter demonstrated a unique broad spectral range of substrates and a fantastic capability to absorb the D\isomers of important amino acids. (biopaqc.com)
D\serine uptake Control oocytes and those injected with the transporter, clamped at ?60?mV, were perfused with D\serine 300?mol/L in control solution for 5?min and then washed until the current returned to resting condition. (biopaqc.com)
This study shows that EAAC1 functions as the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter that is responsible for the uptake and accumulation of aspartate in prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The experiments showed that different amino acids in the active site of the Rab protein are involved when the GEFs mediate the release of the GDP during the activation process. (elifesciences.org)
It consists of three polypeptide chains, two of which are identical, which are called chain α1 (I) and α2 (I), and which are composed of different amino acids. (earthwormexpress.com)

Therefore, these cells must possess a plasma membrane-associated aspartate uptake transport process to achieve their functional activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we systematically measured aspartate uptake rates in proteoliposomes containing purified Glt Tk , and derived the rate equation for a mechanism in which two sodium ions bind before and another after aspartate. (nature.com)

This amino acid was demonstrated to be preferentially transported into BHK2l -C13 cells via a relatively low affinity, high capacity active transport system of broad specificity. (docksci.com)

Only one amino acid substitution can change the spectrum of activity exhibited by these peptides ( Carvalho and Gomes, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)

E280 (Propionic acid) has physical properties intermediate between those of the smaller carboxylic acids, formic and acetic acids, and the larger fatty acids. (atamanchemicals.com)

Arginine is a basic amino acid as its side chain contains a positively charged guanidinium group, which is highly polar, at the end of a hydrophobic¬†aliphatic¬†hydrocarbon chain. (cannabisdatabase.ca)

Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Glutamine, as a dipeptide or a free amino acid form, on the progression of burn injuries in rats. (bvsalud.org)
The animals were randomized into three groups (n=10): saline solution (G1-Control) and treated groups that orally received Glutamine as dipeptide (G2-Dip) or free amino acid (G3-FreeAA). (bvsalud.org)

Brown, '70) and possibly in certain mammalian tissues (De Vries et al. (docksci.com)
Mammalian tissues have many things in common. (earthwormexpress.com)
I-FABP) and bovine heart fatty acid-binding pro- tissues and in intracellular as well as extracellular tein (H-FABP). (lu.se)

Inhibition studies using other amino acids or their analogues provided information about the specificity of this system. (docksci.com)

In proteoliposomes EcoDMT mediates proton-coupled uptake of manganese at low micromolar concentrations. (nature.com)

Histamine is an important mediator of many biological processes including inflammation, gastric acid secretion, neuromodulation, and regulation of immune function. (europa.eu)

1970. Teratogenic effects in the chick embryo caused by esters of phthalic acid. (cdc.gov)
The anion CH3CH2CO2− as well as the salts and esters of E280 (Propionic acid) are known as propionates or propanoates. (atamanchemicals.com)

GABA synthesis is unique among neurotransmitters, having two separate isoforms of the rate-controlling enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase. (fixbuisness.com)
The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). (springer.com)

gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (or γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid) is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug. (wikipedia.org)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. (fixbuisness.com)

Therefore the uptake and accumulation of cellular aspartate occurs against a 40:1 concentration gradient. (biomedcentral.com)
As mono or diiron center as well as incorporated into heme or iron-sulfur clusters, this metal is an indispensable cofactor for a variety of cellular processes including electron transport, amino acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of DNA and sterols. (frontiersin.org)

GABA and glycine are two essential amino acids that serve important purposes in your body. (fixbuisness.com)
The distribution of the neutral amino acid glycine in the central nervous system is more localized than that of GABA. (fixbuisness.com)

Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose (glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid) suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus. (biomedcentral.com)

Kinetic studies of the inhibition of L-alanine uptake also indicated the presence of a second neutral amino acid transport system capable of transporting this amino acid. (docksci.com)
Inhibition of the uptake of L-leucine indicated that this transport system has a similar specificity to the '%''-system initially described for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. (docksci.com)
However, large scale production of E280 (Propionic acid) by Propionibacteria faces challenges such as severe inhibition of end-products during cell growth and the formation of by-products (acetic acid and succinic acid). (atamanchemicals.com)

For optimization, the conditions: 10 m reaction loop, 200 µM DPPH radical concentration, 40â temperature and 0.06 % formic acid were recommended. (bvsalud.org)
As with acetic and formic acids, it consists of hydrogen bonded pairs of molecules in both the liquid and the vapor. (atamanchemicals.com)

A salt or ester of acetic acid. (mmpc.org)
Large amounts of E280 (Propionic acid) were once produced as a byproduct of acetic acid manufacture. (atamanchemicals.com)

Goethe-Universita¨t, DE-60439 tein (I-LBP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP). (lu.se)

AGT is a high molecular weight molecule (49.548), made up of 453 amino acids (aa) synthesized in the liver. (hindawi.com)

Despite the low level of amino acid sequence identity between defensins, their three dimensional structures are remarkably similar between different plant defensins ( Pelegrini and Franco, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
They were characterized as a new member of the thionine family due to their similarity in molecular mass, amino acid sequence and number of cysteines. (frontiersin.org)
The deduced amino acid sequence of hOAT3 showed 36 to 51% identity to those of other members of the OAT family. (aspetjournals.org)
The amino acid sequence in collagen is generally a repetitive tripeptide unit (Gly-X-Y), where X is frequently Pro and Y is Hyp (Nelson and Cox, 2004). (earthwormexpress.com)

Glutamate is the metabolic precursor of GABA, which can be recycled through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to synthesize glutamate. (fixbuisness.com)

Such molecular defect is based on the expansion of this triplet that codes amino acid glutamine. (hindawi.com)

This alanine transport system was shown to exhibit a broad substrate specificity and appeared to be capable of transporting most naturally occurring neutral a-amino acids. (docksci.com)
also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2CO2H. (atamanchemicals.com)

Co-administration with other CNS depressants such as alcohol or benzodiazepines can result in an additive effect (potentiation), as they all bind to gamma-aminobutyric acid (or "GABA") receptor sites. (wikipedia.org)
Consuming foods rich in glutamic acid, which helps create GABA in the brain, is a quick and easy way to increase and maintain proper GABA levels. (fixbuisness.com)
What amino acids make up GABA? (fixbuisness.com)
What amino acid is GABA? (fixbuisness.com)
What amino acid helps with GABA? (fixbuisness.com)

Considerable progress has been made in the characterisation of the various amino acid transport systems in bacteria and fungi, but the number and specificity of similar transport systems in mammalian cells is less clear. (docksci.com)
E280 (Propionic acid) inhibits the growth of mold and some bacteria at levels between 0.1 and 1% by weight. (atamanchemicals.com)

The lipidomic analysis showed that disruption of NcACBP caused no obvious changes in the overall abundance and turnover of fatty acids while knockout resulted in the accumulation of triacylglycerol. (biomedcentral.com)

Arginine or l-arginine, abbreviated Arg or R, is an essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
In mammals, arginine is formally classified as a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
In particular, they have the ability to use a number of D\forms as essential amino acids during the growth phase, in place of their L\isomers. (biopaqc.com)
In contrast, in citrate-producing prostate cells, aspartate is an essential amino acid that must be derived from circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
In these specialized prostate cells, aspartate is an essential amino acid that is derived from circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
L-Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It is an essential α-amino acid for humans and other mammals, while initially it was thought to be only essential for infants (Kopple and Swendseid, 1975, Journal of Clinical Investigation 55 (5): 881-91). (europa.eu)

Also, L-histidine can enhance the uptake of minerals, such as zinc. (europa.eu)

This amino acid appears to be transported essentially via a relatively low affinity, high capacity, sodium ion dependent transport system. (docksci.com)
Like the other amino acid transmitters, GABA's actions are terminated by high affinity uptake systems in neurons and glia. (fixbuisness.com)

However, D\amino acids were found in many organisms, for example, in the peptidoglycans of bacterial cell wall (Hatanaka et?al. (biopaqc.com)

Resistance was due to a mutation in the nsy-1 gene, orthologous to the mammalian ASK-1 MAPKKK. (stanford.edu)

have been carried out to determine the characteristics of the active transport of neutral amino acids by either isolated mammalian cells or cells in culture. (docksci.com)
The studies reported in this paper describe the transport characteristics of certain neutral amino acids in monolayer cultures of the baby hamster kidney cell line BHK21-Cl3.Lalanine, which has been previously shown to be transported via the three major neutral amino acid transport systems in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (Christensen, '69) was consequently examined in most detail. (docksci.com)

The flavivirus membrane fusion machinery, like that of many other enveloped viruses, is triggered by the acidic pH in endosomes after virus uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. (rupress.org)
This membrane is made up of dense rows of fatty acids. (vitanetonline.com)

With a pKa of 12.48, the guanidinium group is positively charged in neutral, acidic, and even most basic environments. (cannabisdatabase.ca)

Amino acids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups of compounds commonly concentrated by active transport, and their uptake has been studied in a wide variety of microbial and mammalian systems. (docksci.com)
D . M . SCOTT AND J. A. PATEMAN ever, L-alanine also appeared to be capable of transport via a second "leucine preferring" uptake system. (docksci.com)
Prior to amino acid transport assay cells were harvested during exponential growth, inoculated into 60 mm petri dishes (Gibco-Biocult) a t a density of 5.3 x lo3 cells/cm' and incubated as above for 48 hours. (docksci.com)
They are able to utilize the Na+ and/or K+ electrochemical gradients to transport amino acids (Boudko et?al. (biopaqc.com)
2014). Following these considerations, the presence of D\amino acid transport currents Forskolin ic50 was investigated in oocytes expressing oocytes and RNAs were prepared as previously explained in detail (Bossi et?al. (biopaqc.com)
However, little is known about the fatty acid transport mechanism in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)

68) via uptake systems specific for single amino acids or groups of structurally related amino acids. (docksci.com)

Arginine is a known inducer of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and is responsible for inducing protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway. (cannabisdatabase.ca)

L-Arginine is an amino acid that has numerous functions in the body. (cannabisdatabase.ca)

This deletion did not affect the overall fatty acid composition but modified the abundance of TAG. (biomedcentral.com)

It was shown that those 3D-printed beads were able to promote high density cell attachment and E280 (Propionic acid) production, which could be adapted to other fermentation bioprocesses. (atamanchemicals.com)
Cytokine defects have also been reported in mammalian cell lines lacking OCRL1 attributed to dysregulation of actin assembly. (medscape.com)

they are stabilized by hydrogen bonds and intermolecular bonds (Silva and Penna, 2012), which are composed of three helical polypeptide chains, each with about 1000 amino acids, which are called an α chain. (earthwormexpress.com)

E280 (Propionic acid) is also useful as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, especially polymers. (atamanchemicals.com)

Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
E280 (Propionic acid) is also produced by the aerobic oxidation of propionaldehyde. (atamanchemicals.com)

This amino acid is definitely produced endogenously in the brain by racemization of L\serine mediated by serine racemase (Wolosker et?al. (biopaqc.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms15

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs126

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Transporters10

Proteins7

Lipid7

Residues2

Transporter5

Different amino acids2

Aspartate uptake2

Broad specificity1

Peptides1

Carboxylic acids1

Basic amino1

Free amino2

Tissues3

Analogues1

Proton-coupled1

Secretion1

Esters2

Glutamic acid decarbox2

Neurotransmitter2

Cellular2

Glycine2

Glucose1

Inhibition3

Formic2

Acetic acid2

Fatty acid bi1

Molecule1

Sequence4

Glutamate1

Glutamine1

Naturally2

GABA5

Bacteria2

Accumulation1

Essential7

Minerals1

Affinity2

Organisms1

Gene1

Characteristics2

Membrane2

Positively charged1

Transport6

Systems1

Synthesis1

Arginine1

Composition1

Cell2

Chains1

Polymers1

Oxidation2

Brain1