• Neural crest Neural crest The two longitudinal ridges along the primitive streak appearing near the end of gastrulation during development of nervous system (neurulation). (lecturio.com)
  • Development of the neural crest and sensory (hearing/vision/smell) are only introduced in these notes and are covered in detail in other notes sections. (edu.au)
  • Evolution of the vertebrate head was made possible by the origin of a novel cell population, the neural crest. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Neural crest cells have the potential to form connective and skeletal tissues in the head, and they make major contributions to the skull. (clinicalgate.com)
  • In mammalian embryos, cranial neural crest cells emigrate from the edges of the still unfused cranial neural folds, unlike trunk neural crest cells and the cranial crest of other vertebrates, which begin migration only after neural tube closure. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Figure 35.1 shows stylized views of human embryos at an early stage of neural crest migration (A) and at the end of the crest migration (B). N.B. These views do not show the neural crest cells themselves and not by a specific staining procedure. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Those neural crest cells with a neuronal fate contribute to the trigeminal ganglion ( Jiang et al 2002 ). (clinicalgate.com)
  • The third (vagal) population has a more extensive origin, from the neural folds caudal to the otocyst, i.e. prorhombomere C. These cells will contribute to the ganglia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves, with the non-neuronal vagal crest cells migrating into pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6, some of them continuing into the heart to contribute to the division of the cardiac outflow tract. (clinicalgate.com)
  • The neural crest also gives rise to the parasympathetic ganglia and parasympathetic postganglionic nerves in the head and neck. (clinicalgate.com)
  • For a full account of the neuronal contribution of neural crest cells, see Chapter 24 . (clinicalgate.com)
  • In human embryos, histological methods have revealed equivalent cranial neural crest cell origins and migration routes to those of the mouse, except that no emigration from the diencephalon has been detected ( O'Rahilly & Müller 2007 ). (clinicalgate.com)
  • Caudal to the segmented region of the neural tube, neural crest cells from rhombomere 8 migrate with the occipital myotome-derived mesenchyme to form the hypoglossal cord, eventually differentiating to form the connective tissue (neural crest) and musculature of the tongue. (clinicalgate.com)
  • No sensory ganglia are formed from the occipital neural crest in human embryos. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Genetic experiments in the mouse and other vertebrates have shown that skeletal patterning of the pharyngeal arch neural crest cells depends on the absence of Hox gene expression in the cells migrating into the first arch, and the expression of Hoxa2 in the second arch crest cells. (clinicalgate.com)
  • This section covers the establishment of neural populations, the inductive influences of surrounding tissues and the sequential generation of neurons establishing the layered structure seen in the brain and spinal cord. (edu.au)
  • Variation of Human Neural Stem Cells Generating Organizer States In Vitro before Committing to Cortical Excitatory or Inhibitory Neuronal Fates [2] "Better understanding of the progression of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing cerebral cortex is important for modeling neurogenesis and defining the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. (edu.au)
  • Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth. (edu.au)
  • Neural development beginnings quite early, therefore also look at notes covering Week 3 - neural tube and Week 4 - early nervous system. (edu.au)
  • This early neural is initially open initially at each end forming the neuropores . (edu.au)
  • Its major components include the auditory ossicles and the eustachian tube that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat. (lecturio.com)
  • Failure of these opening to close contributes a major class of neural abnormalities (neural tube defects). (edu.au)
  • Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. (bvsalud.org)
  • When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE. (bvsalud.org)