• In primary neurulation, the neural plate creases inward until the edges come in contact and fuse. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryologically, failure of primary neurulation most often occurs in the posterior neuropore, resulting in lumbosacral region defects. (logicalimages.com)
  • Primary neurulation always occurs in the brain and most of the trunk regions. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Besides, the mechanism of neural rosettes formation relates to secondary neurulation rather than that of primary neurulation. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Different portions of the neural tube form by two different processes, called primary and secondary neurulation, in different species. (wikipedia.org)
  • In secondary neurulation, the tube forms by hollowing out of the interior of a solid precursor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The retained medullary cord (RMC), caudal lipoma, and terminal myelocystocele (TMCC) are thought to originate from the failed regression spectrum during the secondary neurulation, and the central histopathological feature is the predominant presence of a central canal-like ependyma-lined lumen (CC-LELL) with surrounding neuroglial tissues (NGT), as a remnant of the medullary cord. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • This histopathological finding indicates the presence of TMCC that could not be completely regressed and further supports the idea that these pathologies can be considered consequences of a continuum of regression failure during secondary neurulation. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • However, the molecular mechanisms for secondary neurulation are still unknown. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • The understanding of secondary neurulation presents great potentials for the prevention of caudal neural tube defects. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Differentiation of neural rosettes from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro is sequentially regulated on a molecular level and accomplished by the mechanism reminiscent of secondary neurulation. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • It was Hans Spemann who first popularized the term "primary neural induction" in reference to the first differentiation of ectoderm into neural tissue during neurulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • As neurulation proceeds after induction the cells of the neural plate become high-columnar and can be identified through microscopy as different from the surrounding presumptive epithelial ectoderm (epiblastic endoderm in amniotes). (wikipedia.org)
  • During neurulation, ectoderm differentiates into two parts. (asu.edu)
  • Here, we carry out single cell RNA sequencing of chick ectoderm from primitive streak to neurulation stage, to explore cell state diversity and heterogeneity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neurulation refers to the folding process in vertebrate embryos, which includes the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sequential thin-section, tracer (K-pyroantimonate, lanthanum, ruthenium red, and horseradish peroxidase), and freeze-fracture studies were conducted on embryos and larvae of Rana pipiens to determine the steps involved in gap junction assembly during neurulation. (rupress.org)
  • These cells form during the final stages of the process of neurulation of vertebrate embryos when the notochord- a mesoderm derived rod-like structure running from head to tail - and the adjacent mesoderm form the neural plate, which sinks below the surface of the developing embryo and forms the neural tube. (copewithcytokines.de)
  • Computer simulations found that cell wedging and differential proliferation are sufficient for mammalian neurulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The successful simulations of the key features in Drosophila salivary gland budding, sea urchin gastrulation, and mammalian neurulation support the generality of our results. (ku.dk)
  • Early in pregnancy, there can be problems with the process of neurulation and the formation and closure of the neural tube. (msu.edu)
  • We demonstrate that the GSX-positive part of the primitive streak induces gastrulation, while the GSC-expressing part induces neurulation. (edu.sa)
  • The ill-defined and inaccurate term pre-embryo , which includes the embryonic disc, is said either to end with the appearance of the primitive streak or to include neurulation. (lifeissues.net)
  • Neurulation occurs within the first month following conception in humans. (msu.edu)
  • Altogether, our study is the first to offer detailed insights into the long-term consequences of X-ray exposure during neurulation, and supports the use of FA as a radioprotectant and antiteratogen to counter the detrimental effects of X-ray exposure during this crucial period of gestation. (figshare.com)
  • Even so, this approach gave rise to many successes, including understanding of cell sorting and neurulation, and it set the scene for a family of methods that allow forces maps to be built. (cam.ac.uk)
  • After full extension of the streak, the fate of cells now characterized by GSX is to undergo neurulation, while those expressing GSC undergo gastrulation. (edu.sa)
  • The results suggest that contraction .of apical microfilament bundles plays an essential role in elevation of the neural folds and in the generation of concave curvature during the later stages of cranial neurulation. (silverchair.com)
  • Computer simulations found that cell wedging and differential proliferation are sufficient for mammalian neurulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • 15. Neurulation and organogenesis. (unizg.hr)
  • One such process is the folding of flat, essentially two-dimensional epithelia into more complicated organs, for example during neurulation, formation of the eye cup, and during gastrulation. (biologists.com)
  • Stem cells' pluripotency (yellow) becomes increasingly restricted to specific areas of the chicken embryo as it advances through four early developmental stages, from gastrulation (top left) to neurulation (bottom right). (nih.gov)
  • Illustrations demonstrating key stages in neurulation represent the intact embryo at 2 early stages of development with representative transverse sections through the embryo. (nih.gov)