Neurotoxin type botulinum toxins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Botulinum toxin is the product of Clostridium botulinum . (medscape.com)
Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin, is produced by the spore-forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum and other related species. (mn.us)
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is released as a progenitor complex, in association with a non-toxic-non-hemagglutinin protein (NTNH) and other associated proteins. (nature.com)
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the most toxic substance known to mankind and no therapeutic intervention is currently available for post-exposure treatment. (nature.com)
Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are produced by several anaerobic species of the genus Clostridium and, although they were originally considered lethal toxins, today they find their usefulness in the treatment of a wide range of pathologies in various medical specialties. (researchgate.net)
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that causes a flaccid muscle paralysis. (jcadonline.com)
Botulinum is a potent toxin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . (animalresearch.info)
Botulinum toxin , or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox ), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. (wikipedia.org)
All beauty injection drugs use the same neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. (medicadepot.com)
Allergan Botox One Vial Contains 50 Units of Botulinum toxin type A (from Clostridium botulinum) FDA Approved temporarily make moderate to severe frown lines, Crow's feet, and forehead lines look better in adults. (pills4cure.com)
Botox also contains three ingredients: Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin complex, Albumin Human, and sodium chloride. (wimgo.com)
The toxin is mainly produced by the genus of bacteria Clostridium botulinum. (bund.de)
The toxin is a product of the metabolism of bacteria of the genus Clostridium. (bund.de)
Botulism is a rapidly fatal motor paralysis caused by ingestion or in vivo production of the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum types A-G. The spore-forming anaerobic organism proliferates in decomposing animal tissue and sometimes in plant material. (merckvetmanual.com)
Tetanus in Animals Tetanus is caused by the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani , which is found in soil and intestinal tracts and usually introduced into tissues through deep puncture wounds. (merckvetmanual.com)
Cloning, expression and purification of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E binding domain', Iranian Journal of Biotechnology , 2(3), pp. 183-188. (ijbiotech.com)
The heavy chain is responsible for both receptor some species of the genus Clostridium, in particular, Clostridium binding via its C-terminal (CT) binding domain [4,5] (HC) and botulinum, C. butyricum, C. baratii, and C. argentinense. (cdc.gov)
Clostridium botulinum type B was detected in three of eight pâté samples collected from the houses of cases. (who.int)
1 BoNTs are produced In Taiwan (China), two outbreaks have been recorded, by Clostridium botulinum , a Gram-positive, rod- one caused by type A botulism in nine patients who con- shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium. (who.int)

There is a risk that the botulinum toxin could spread beyond the injection area. (epnet.com)
We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of localized recalcitrant chronic pruritus in lichen simplex, inverse psoriasis, post-burn itching, lichen planus (hypertrophic), and postherpetic neuralgia. (jcadonline.com)
Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin causes local paralysis, as the toxin remains around the site of injection. (animalresearch.info)
Muscles weakened by toxin injection recover from paralysis after several months, so injection might seem to need to be repeated, but muscles adapt to the lengths at which they are chronically held, [48] so that if a paralyzed muscle is stretched by its antagonist, it grows longer, while the antagonist shortens, yielding a permanent effect. (wikipedia.org)
Following an MBS Review of items 18350 to 18373 for injection of botulinum toxin, an improved structure of these items has been MBS-listed from 1 November 2014. (mbsonline.gov.au)
Botulinum toxin type A, which is the active component of Allergan Botox 100 Units Injection, is used to treat different spasms and neurological issues. (buygenericpills.com)
Botox 50 Units Injection Vial Contains botulinum toxin type A used to block acetylcholine release in the treatment of chronic sialorrhea, muscle spast. (buygenericpills.com)
Botulinum toxin type A is an active ingredient in Botox Injection that uses a toxin to stop a muscle from moving for a limited period of time. (buygenericpills.com)
Botulinum toxin type A injection is one of the most popular cosmetic procedures used to reduce the appearance of facial lines caused by habitual contraction of facial muscles. (buygenericpills.com)
Men and women between the ages of 40 and 60 who have facial wrinkles induced by recurrent, habitual muscular contractions over time are considered aged patients for BTX Type A Injection. (buygenericpills.com)
Botox 50 Units Injection (Botulinum Toxin Type A) manufactured by Allergan India Pvt Ltd. It relaxes the muscles that cause wrinkles (frown lines, forehead lines, and crow's feet). (pills4cure.com)
Botulinum toxin is an injectable neurotoxin used to reduce fine lines and wrinkles by effectively paralyzing or freezing the muscle beneath the injection spot - the forehead, under the eyes, the cheeks, etc. (scarsdale10583.com)
Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) is a relatively novel method for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. (brieflands.com)
Today, botulinum neurotoxin injection is the most commonly performed cosmetic procedure in the world. (medscape.com)
Carruthers, Carruthers, Brin, and the Columbia University group noticed cosmetic improvement following botulinum toxin injection for facial dystonias and began pursuing this line of investigation in the late 1980s and early 1990s. (medscape.com)
Recently, the local injection of botulinum toxin was reported as excellent therapeutic option. (bvsalud.org)
An investigative formulation of a botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) for cervical dystonia may significantly reduce the risk of dysphagia after injection compared with existing injections, and may have a longer duration of beneficial effect, according to results of a phase 3 clinical trial presented at the virtual International Congress of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders. (medscape.com)
The majority of the patients had little better, moderately better, or very much better from the botulinum toxin injection with respect to clinical global impression of change and patient global impression of change," he said. (medscape.com)

Examples include Botox, Dysport, and Reloxin, which are formulations of botulinum toxin type A. Myobloc is another brand, but it is a formulation of botulinum toxin type B. These products are used for cosmetic and medical reasons. (epnet.com)
Dysport 1×500 iu uses its neurotoxin active ingredient derived from bacteria to inhibit the release of an important chemical in the nervous system. (fillermax.online)
44 patients with blepharospasm (spasm of the eyelid muscle), hemifacial spasm (involuntary muscle contractions), or cosmetic wrinkles received botulinum toxin injections (Botox, Myobloc, or Dysport). (thecamreport.com)
Dysport (another formulation of botulinum toxin type A) and Myobloc (botulinum toxin type B) have also been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cervical dystonia. (medscape.com)

Infant botulism, which is the most common form in the United States, results from the ingestion of C. botulinum spores that germinate into vegetative bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract, producing toxin that is absorbed into the circulation. (mn.us)
Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin, botulinum. (animalresearch.info)
[18] The toxin causes the disease botulism . (wikipedia.org)
It's the same toxin that causes a life-threatening type of food poisoning called botulism . (medlineplus.gov)
Botulism is a rare, life-threatening type of poisoning caused by botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin produced by bacteria. (bund.de)
Botulism is a type of poisoning and so cannot be spread from one person to another. (bund.de)
Botulism is caused by neurotoxins known as botulinum neurotoxins. (bund.de)
This form of botulism results from having (accidentally) too much of the Botox toxin injected during a cosmetic or medical procedure. (bund.de)
Botulism most commonly results from ingestion of toxin in food. (merckvetmanual.com)
Botulism in most cases is an intoxication, not an infection, and results from ingestion of toxin in food. (merckvetmanual.com)
In horses, the most common type in North America and Europe is type B (>85% of US cases), and in the western US type A has been reported in only two outbreaks, both in humans, known to have been caused by type F. Type G, isolated from soil in Argentina, is not known to have been involved in any outbreak of botulism. (merckvetmanual.com)
Botulinum neurotoxins constitute a family of bacterial toxins for botulism syndrome in human. (ijbiotech.com)
Botulism is a bilaterally symmetric descending neuroparalytic illness caused by botulinum neurotoxin. (medscape.com)
In contrast, infant botulism is caused by colonization of the gut by C botulinum, and subsequent production and absorption leads to absorption of the toxin. (medscape.com)
Honey consumption has been implicated in infant botulism, and microbiologic surveys have identified clostridial spores (mostly type B) in up to 25% of honey products. (medscape.com)
Wound botulism may occur if the organism infects a wound and produces the toxin. (medscape.com)
Botulism is a life-threatening condition caused outbreak of BoNT type E in 1997 was linked to consump- by botulinal neurotoxins (BoNTs). (who.int)
Of the eight types of BoNT (A-H), A, B, E and F are by type B botulism in five cases related to consumption associated with human botulism. (who.int)
1 C. botulinum was found to be the main source of a type A botulism is present in the environment, with type A or B spores outbreak in two elderly people in the United States in being found primarily in terrestrial vegetables and type E 2017. (who.int)
14 An initial case series from this outbreak, Egypt, a type E botulism outbreak was reported in 1991 which comprised the first six cases in a hospital in Ho in 91 patients, with 19 fatalities, related to consumption Chi Minh City, linked cases to consumption of a tinned of a fermented grey mul et fish (faseikh). (who.int)

Botulinum toxin in Xeomin is a high-quality wrinkle relaxer. (medicadepot.com)
For one, they are created differently, with Xeomin being made from just one ingredient: botulinum toxin A. this means that it is the most natural form of BoTN. (wimgo.com)
Xeomin (botulinum neurotoxin type A) is recommended, within its marketing authorisation, as an option for treating chronic sialorrhoea caused by neurological conditions in adults. (lancashireandsouthcumbriammg.nhs.uk)
Xeomin (Botulinum neurotoxin type A) is in clinical development for the treatment of adults with lower limb and/or upper limb spasticity. (nihr.ac.uk)

During the American Society of Ophthalmic, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery meeting, researchers from The Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas, will report that this combination improved the response to injections of botulinum toxin. (thecamreport.com)

One of the predicted C. piperi BoNT-like toxins induced necrotic cell death in human kidney cells, but was not found to cleave common SNARE substrates of BoNTs. (wikipedia.org)
When food contaminated with BoNTs is ingested the toxin passes through the gastrointestinal tract, transcytosed from gut lumen into general blood circulation, binds to the presynaptic membrane of the neuronal cells and then is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis into nerve cells. (nature.com)
BoNTs are secreted as progenitor complexes (PTC) with a non-toxic-non-hemagglutinin protein (NTNH) and a few neurotoxin associated proteins (NAPs) with or without hemagglutinin activity (HA). (nature.com)
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are extremely potent toxins that are capable of causing death or respiratory failure leading to long-term intensive care. (cdc.gov)
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are protein toxins produced by 50,000 daltons. (cdc.gov)

Botulinum toxin has beneficial effects only on wrinkles caused by muscular contractions. (medscape.com)
Botulinum toxin is not an appropriate treatment for wrinkles caused by solar exposure or other degenerative processes of the dermal tissues. (medscape.com)
Botulinum toxin is used in dermatology for the treatment of facial wrinkles caused by muscular contractions. (medscape.com)
Botulinum toxin is appropriate only for the treatment of wrinkles caused by muscular action. (medscape.com)
1 Botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is one of the most popular and less invasive aesthetic procedures available for the improvement of wrinkles. (jcadonline.com)
Specifically targeted towards patients who are uncomfortable with the idea of using botulinum toxins to smooth out wrinkles, cryoneuromodulation is essentially a toxin-free way that is being marketed to achieve a wrinkle-free appearance, utilising the power of cold, rather than the power of a neurotoxin. (consultingroom.com)
Botulinum toxin relaxes the targeted muscles and is FDA approved for treating fine lines and wrinkles, deep lines on the forehead, frown lines and furrows between the eyebrows, and crow's feet. (drknowling.com)
Botox (or Botulinum Toxin Type A) is a popular cosmetic treatment which helps men reduce facial lines and wrinkles as they age. (michelegreenmd.com)
Botox is an injectable treatment made with the neurotoxin botulinum toxin type A, designed to treat and prevent the formation of dynamic wrinkles by preventing the contraction of facial muscles. (michelegreenmd.com)
Similarly, it should not be used to treat any other types of wrinkles visible anywhere else. (fillermax.online)

What Are the Different Botulinum Toxins? (medicadepot.com)

Bacterial toxins are often characterized based upon the secretion mechanism that delivers the toxin out of the bacterium, termed types I-VII. (springer.com)
BoNT/A, /C, and /E cleave toxin, or contact of the bacterium with a wound [1]. (cdc.gov)

The neurotoxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine and results in the flaccid paralysis of the affected muscles. (medscape.com)
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) blocks the release of acetylcholine and many other neurotransmitters from the presynaptic vesicle by deactivating soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. (jcadonline.com)
When foods tainted with neurotoxin are ingested, the neurotoxin is absorbed and spread hematogenously to peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals, where it blocks the release of acetylcholine. (medscape.com)

The toxin temporarily weakens targeted muscles. (epnet.com)
The reader should note that the dermatologic use of botulinum toxin requires an in-depth knowledge of the anatomy and function of the areas treated (eg, in the case of the face, facial muscles, and their relations with the orbit). (medscape.com)
The common mechanism in these disorders is the paralysis of various muscles caused by the botulinum toxin. (medscape.com)
The specialized cells that make up the inner bladder wall are responsible for protecting underlying muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue from exposure to excess water, toxins, microbes, and various other compounds present in the urine. (lifeextension.com)
Botulinum neurotoxins are unique in the way they cause specific paralysis of skeletal muscles. (animalresearch.info)
The neurotoxin can paralyze the respiratory muscles, leading to death. (bund.de)
Diffusion risks are another concern with botulinum toxin type A, presenting potential side effects such as the spreading of the neurotoxin into intraorbital muscles. (dermatologytimes.com)

3 Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A-Mechanism of Actions Botulinum toxin is manufactured with the anaerobic gram-positive bacteriaClostridium botulinumand released being a 150-kDa. (tam-receptor.com)
10 In China, two type A BoNT grow and produce toxins in foods in an anaerobic, non- outbreaks were caused by consumption of smoked ribs by acidic environment with low sugar and salt. (who.int)

Ondo WG, Gollomp S, Galvez-Jimenez N. A pilot study of botulinum toxin A for headache in cervical dystonia. (epnet.com)
Botox injections (botulinum toxin type A) are used for chronic migraines, spastic disorders, cervical dystonia, and detrusor hyperactivity. (buygenericpills.com)
BOTOX® (botulinum toxin type A) is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including chronic migraine, severe underarm sweating (severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis), blepharospasm, strabismus associated with dystonias, and cervical dystonia. (medscape.com)
Experimental Botulinum Toxin More Effective in Cervical Dystonia? (medscape.com)
Botulinum neurotoxin is clearly the treatment of choice for cervical dystonia," Jankovic said in an interview. (medscape.com)
Side effects "were remarkably minimal," Jankovic said, "but I want to call attention to the low frequency of neck weakness or dysphagia in comparison with other studies of botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia. (medscape.com)

C botulinum bacteria and their spores are ubiquitous. (medscape.com)
This form mostly happens when the botulinum spores get into a wound where they then germinate. (bund.de)
1 C. botulinum spores of fermented food in 2006. (who.int)

The active ingredient is a protein derived from C. botulinum. (drknowling.com)

Botulinum toxin type A is an injectable neurotoxin. (luxemedicalaesthetics.com)

Drooling is a significant disability for a large number of pediatric and adult patients with cerebral palsy and for a smaller number of patients with other types of neurologic or cognitive impairment. (medscape.com)

Botulinum toxin (botox) is made from a type of bacteria. (epnet.com)
The growing bacteria produce the neurotoxin botulinum toxin, which is often referred to as the most poisonous substance known to mankind. (medscape.com)
The bacteria germinate (start growing) under low-oxygen conditions and release their toxin. (bund.de)

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Botulinum neurotoxins are among the most potent toxins known. (jneurosci.org)
Botulinum toxins are among the most potent toxins known to science. (wikipedia.org)
These are some of the most potent toxins known. (bund.de)

The Botulinum Toxins cause paralysis by preventing the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine as the nerve cells meet muscle, at the neuromuscular junction. (animalresearch.info)
Diagnosis is difficult to establish by demonstrating the toxin in animal tissues or feed, and so is commonly made by eliminating other causes of motor paralysis. (merckvetmanual.com)
The toxins bind with high affinity to nerve cells where they cause a complete inhibition and release of neurotransmitters and thereby produce flaccid paralysis. (ijbiotech.com)

Botulinum neurotoxin Type A (BoNT/A) is an effective treatment for several movement disorders, including spasticity and dystonia. (jneurosci.org)
However, not all the therapeutic benefits of the neurotoxin are explained by peripheral neuroparalysis, suggesting an action of BoNT/A on central circuits. (jneurosci.org)
Substantial experimental and clinical evidence indicates that not all botulinum neurotoxin Type A (BoNT/A) effects can be explained solely by the local action (i.e., silencing of the neuromuscular junction). (jneurosci.org)
Botulinum neurotoxin-like (BoNT-like) toxins were detected in the genome of Chryseobacterium piperi str. (wikipedia.org)
CTM and they present a highly divergent group of BoNT-like toxins. (wikipedia.org)
We have determined the crystal structure of M type Progenitor complex of botulinum neurotoxin E [PTC-E(M)], a heterodimer of BoNT and NTNH. (nature.com)
The idea that they play an important role is also based on data that suggest drastically-enhanced oral toxicity of the progenitor toxin compared to the purified BoNT 10 . (nature.com)
Botulinum neurotoxin has been identified in seven different isoforms (BoNT-A, BoNT-B, BoNT-C, BoNT-D, BoNT-E, BoNT-F, and BoNT-G). Neurotoxigenic Clostridia can produce more than 40 different BoNT subtypes and, recently, a new BoNT serotype (BoNT-X) has been reported in some studies. (researchgate.net)
BoNT-X has not been shown to actually be an active neurotoxin despite its catalytically active LC, so it should be described as a putative eighth serotype. (researchgate.net)
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is the most studied serotype for therapeutic purposes. (researchgate.net)
Because some antibodies inhibit or neutralize the activity of BoNT, the choice of antibody with which to extract the toxin is critical. (cdc.gov)
This is why I am quite encouraged by the results of the DAXI study that suggest that this formulation of BoNT (type A) may have a longer response and relatively few side effects," he said. (medscape.com)

Cost-effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of post-stroke spasticity. (epnet.com)
During the treatment of blepharospasmus with botulinum A exotoxin, the cosmetic appearance of the glabellar frown lines improve. (medscape.com)
However, one's poison is another's medicine, because botulinum toxin is useful in the treatment of certain diseases. (medscape.com)
Botulinum toxin has also been used experimentally in the treatment of many other dermatological conditions with positive results, including persistent facial flushing, gustatory sweating, anal fissures, familial benign pemphigus, dyshidrotic eczema, and surgical wound closures. (jcadonline.com)
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A PUrified Neurotoxin Complex (BOTOX) compared to placebo for the treatment of upper limb essential tremor. (tuftsmedicalcenter.org)
The widespread advertising of Botox as a cosmetic treatment, and its popularity among celebrities have led to Botulinum toxin becoming well-known as a frivolous treatment to help the rich appear youthful. (animalresearch.info)
The use of botulinum toxin is currently controversial, because of the method of testng, which is a mouse potency assay, and because it is viewed as a cosmetic treatment. (animalresearch.info)
[52] [53] AbobotulinumtoxinA is the first and only FDA-approved botulinum toxin for the treatment of pediatric lower limb spasticity. (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum toxin is deemed safe and effective by the FDA as safe and effective for the treatment of other medical conditions. (drknowling.com)
However, some swelling, redness, and tenderness may be present immediately after treatment and, depending on the type of injectable, may persist for a few days. (drknowling.com)
Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) is also used in management and treatment for medical and cosmetic purposes. (buygenericpills.com)
Despite the fact that the manufacturer's label exclusively suggests botulinum toxin for the treatment of glabellar lines in people under the age of 65, the toxin is widely used for other cosmetic treatments and in patients over the age of 65. (buygenericpills.com)
The toxin is also approved in Europe for treatment of the glabellar area. (dermatologytimes.com)
Ever had a patient with puffy eyes or a heavy brow after botulinum toxin treatment? (harleyacademy.com)
This toxin is injected using an ultra-fine needle into certain areas of your face that require targeted treatment. (mldelicatebeauty.com)
The authors concluded, "In over 90% of the patients studied, the zinc/phytase combination resulted in a remarkable improved responsiveness to treatment of blepharospasm using the same amount of botulinum toxin as previously used. (thecamreport.com)
In the early 1970s, Scott experimented with botulinum toxin type A in monkeys for the treatment of strabismus. (medscape.com)
Botulinum toxin A is a safe, long-term treatment for patients with benign essential blepharospasm, but sustained treatment efficacy may require higher doses in later stages of the disease. (medscape.com)
The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the treatment of bruxism with the use of botulinum toxin in the PC. (bvsalud.org)

Botulinum toxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin with a lethal level in humans of around 1 ng / kg bodyweight (ng = nanogram = 0.000000001 g) and it is therefore vital that material released for clinical use is safe and of the strength stated on the label. (animalresearch.info)

There are 15 select agents and toxins and seven categories of experiments on these select agents that fall under the subset of research called DURC. (cdc.gov)
This presentation will also address biosafety and other considerations when identifying bacterial select agents and toxins using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). (cdc.gov)
Thank you so, so much for joining this OneLab network event, "Recognizing, Identifying and Reporting the Identification of Select Agents and Toxins. (cdc.gov)

Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or oligomeric protein complexes that are organized with distinct AB structure-function properties. (springer.com)
toxin, botulinum toxin is a zinc-binding metalloprotease that cleaves specific proteins in synaptic vesicles. (merckvetmanual.com)

Botulinum toxin is used to treat a number of therapeutic indications, many of which are not part of the approved drug label. (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum toxin therapy is used as a valuable agent for therapeutic and cosmetic treatments in the clinical setting. (buygenericpills.com)
The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin-reported adverse effects puts great pressure on cosmetic practice. (buygenericpills.com)
He also hypothesized possible therapeutic uses of the sausage toxin. (medscape.com)

Bacterial toxins damage the host at the site of bacterial infection or distant from the site. (springer.com)
Bacterial toxins also catalyze the non-covalent modification of host protein function or can modify host cell properties through direct protein-protein interactions. (springer.com)
This review summarizes the major families of bacterial toxins and also describes the specific structure-function properties of the botulinum neurotoxins. (springer.com)

Botulinum neurotoxin is the most poisonous substance known. (medscape.com)

Safety and Efficacy Based on Evidence Given the multiple reasons of age-related skin changes, data on the use of botulinum toxin in older people is sparse and wrinkling in the elderly, as well as the high risk of concomitant diseases and potential side effects of medications, the elderly The patient should be preceded by a careful risk-benefit assessment of the decision to use Botox. (buygenericpills.com)

The estimated human median lethal dose of type A toxin is 1.3-2.1 ng /kg intravenously or intramuscularly , 10-13 ng/kg when inhaled, or 1000 ng/kg when taken by mouth. (wikipedia.org)
The lethal dose is just 0.001 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, meaning the toxin is listed as a bioweapon in the War Weapons List. (bund.de)
The unit measurement is made by finding out how much of the toxin is lethal to 50 percent of mice in a study. (dermatologytimes.com)

Out of the almost 10 million treatments performed by members of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery in 2015, 1.8 million were toxin treatments. (harleyacademy.com)

Other studies suggest that an imbalance in dopamine-mediated neural transmission may exist in some types of bruxism. (medscape.com)

[46] Botulinum toxin appears to be effective for refractory overactive bladder . (wikipedia.org)
Around 90 of sufferers respond well to the type of healing structure [3 4 Nevertheless a share of sufferers which should not really end up being underestimated are refractory to the plan Fargesin or develop intolerance towards the anticholinergic medications and thus need lower urinary system reconstructions such as for example bladder augmentation to be able Fargesin to attain continent urinary reservoirs with sufficient capability and low pressure. (tam-receptor.com)

Botulinum toxin-A, commonly known as botox, was first used cosmetically in the mid-1980's. (harleyacademy.com)
We show that SNARE tagging allows stepwise production of a functional modular medicinal toxin, namely, botulinum neurotoxin type A, commonly known as BOTOX. (lincoln.ac.uk)

While cosmetic treatments are the best known application of botulinum toxin, the important clinical uses for which it was researched and developed are often overlooked. (animalresearch.info)
When used in small, regulated doses in medical treatments by licensed medical professionals, neurotoxins are very useful. (medicadepot.com)
If the frontalis muscle is over-compensating for increased skin laxity and is required to open the eyes, toxin treatments in the frontalis muscle should be avoided. (harleyacademy.com)

This toxin consists of three structurally independent units: Receptor-binding domain (Rbd), Translocation domain (Td), and the Light chain (Lc), the last being a proteolytic enzyme. (lincoln.ac.uk)

Toxins of all types have the same pharmacologic action. (merckvetmanual.com)

Herein, we present an overview of botulinum toxin products for cosmetic applications that have received regulatory approval or are under development. (skintherapyletter.com)
The muscle paralyzing feature of botulinum toxin, when used beneficially, has proven to be useful in more than 50 pathological conditions, including cosmetic applications. (medscape.com)

Also, the NAPs bind to glycoproteins on the surface of the epithelial cells for transcytosis of toxin. (nature.com)

In fact, most of the toxin is inside the synaptic vesicles within 5 to 10 minutes after binding. (harleyacademy.com)

By the late 1990's other botulinum types had entered clinical trials. (animalresearch.info)

[55] Botulinum toxins have been used off-label for several pediatric conditions, including infantile esotropia . (wikipedia.org)
results presentations and administration from the Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in pediatric sufferers. (tam-receptor.com)

Our data show that SNARE-tagged toxin was able to cleave its intraneuronal molecular target and to inhibit release of neurotransmitters. (lincoln.ac.uk)
F, /G and the closely related tetanus toxin all cleave synaptobrevin a likely agent for bioterrorism [3]. (cdc.gov)

The first development of Botulinum toxin as a therapy was to treat disorders of localised muscle hyperactivity. (animalresearch.info)

Are All Neurotoxins Injected Similarly? (medicadepot.com)
Yes, we can say that all BTX neurotoxins are injected similarly. (medicadepot.com)

Anatomy6

Organisms9

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs24

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care2

Clostridium19

Injection18

Dysport4

Botulism20

Xeomin4

Injections of Botulinum Toxin1

BoNTs5

Wrinkles10

Different Botulinum Toxins1

Bacterium2

Release of acetylcholine3

Muscles7

Anaerobic2

Cervical dystonia6

Spores3

Active ingredient1

Injectable neurotoxin1

Cerebral palsy1

Bacteria3

Potent toxins known3

Paralysis3

BoNT12

Treatment19

Extremely potent1

Select agents and toxins3

Proteins2

Therapeutic4

Bacterial toxins3

Poisonous substance known1

Efficacy1

Lethal3

Dermatologic Surgery1

Bruxism1

Refractory2

Commonly known2

Treatments3

Units1

Pharmacologic1

Cosmetic applications2

Transcytosis1

Synaptic1

Clinical trials1

Pediatric2

Cleave2

Hyperactivity1

Similarly2