• Researchers pinpoint a number of neurons in the brain where certain types of memory occur. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons, typically communicating with one another via root-like protrusions called dendrites and long fiber-like extensions called axons, which are usually myelinated and carry trains of rapid micro-electric signal pulses called action potentials to target specific recipient cells in other areas of the brain or distant parts of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insects have brains with neurons connected in intricate networks. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • Additionally, the connectome of an insect brain was mapped, revealing intricate networks of interconnected neurons in the Drosophila larva. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • Its compact yet complex brain structure offers insights into the function of neurons and brain organization. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • Image of the Drosophila brain (magenta) with a subset of mushroom body neurons expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) via a genetic marker. (princeton.edu)
  • Researchers at Princeton University have developed a highly sensitive and precise method to explore genes important for memory formation within single neurons of the Drosophila fly brain. (princeton.edu)
  • Ultimately, to understand the brain, we want to know what individual neurons are doing," said Mala Murthy , assistant professor in the Princeton Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Molecular Biology . (princeton.edu)
  • We found that single neurons can be defined by their pattern of their gene expression, even if they're all in the same brain network. (princeton.edu)
  • Then they extracted single neurons from the fly brains and evaluated all of the gene readouts, or transcripts, which encode proteins. (princeton.edu)
  • Our work opens up the ability to use Drosophila as a way to study how gene expression in single neurons relates to brain function," Crocker said. (princeton.edu)
  • This has been a challenge because the fly brain is very small and contains fewer neurons than other organisms that neuroscientists study. (princeton.edu)
  • We can look at specific neurons and gene expression, and ask what the genes are doing in that cell to cause the behavior. (princeton.edu)
  • This week's top neuroscience news includes breakthroughs such as a promising Alzheimer's vaccine, the unveiling of a key inflammation pathway impacting aging, and the identification of sensory neurons in the colon. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Not only were the characteristics of individual mushroom body neurons the same across species, their organization among each other was the same as well. (medindia.net)
  • 40 water-responsive dopaminergic neurons that innervate a restricted zone of the mushroom body γ lobe. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Naive water-seeking behavior in thirsty flies did not require water taste but relied on another subset of water-responsive dopaminergic neurons that target the mushroom body β' lobe. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Silva B, Mantha OL, Schor J,Pascual A, Plaçais PY, Pavlowsky A* , Preat T* (2022) Glia fuel neurons with locally synthesized ketone bodies to sustain memory under starvation. (espci.fr)
  • Mushroom body output neurons encode valence and guide memory-based action selection in Drosophila. (espci.fr)
  • Two pairs of mushroom body efferent neurons are required for appetitive long-term memory retrieval in Drosophila. (espci.fr)
  • Li H, Li Y, Lei Z , Wang K, Guo A . Transformation of odor selectivity from projection neurons to single mushroom body neurons mapped with dual-color calcium imaging. (neurotree.org)
  • The brain is mainly composed of neurons that communicate with each other via electrical pulses called action potentials. (researchpod.org)
  • For instance, in the human brain, odour information is detected by sensory neurons in the nose and transmitted to a first processing center, the olfactory bulb of the brain. (researchpod.org)
  • When ventral lobe neurons of the mushroom bodies were silenced, bees were no longer able to associate one light field with shock. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • The Ahrens Lab used whole-brain imaging to monitor the activity of neurons and glia separately in behaving zebrafish, sorting out the relative contribution of each cell type to a specific behavior - giving up in the face of futile actions. (janelia.org)
  • Shown here are Drosophila ellipsoid body " compass neurons " segmented in an electron microscopy reconstruction from the Hess Lab and FlyEM team (left) and genetically labeled in a light microscopy image from the Rubin Lab and FlyLight team (right). (janelia.org)
  • We found that 2 WASP family proteins, SCAR/WAVE and WASp, act downstream of Rac1 and Cdc42 separately to regulate ASM and ARM forgetting in mushroom body neurons. (janelia.org)
  • Significant residual activity not directly correlated with behavior was high dimensional and reflected the activity of small clusters of spatially organized neurons that may correspond to genetically defined cell types. (nature.com)
  • In nematodes, flies, zebrafish, and mice 1 , the exogenous activation of defined clusters of neurons can drive behavioral sequences, providing a causal link between the activity of small groups of cells and specific behaviors. (nature.com)
  • On the other hand, several locomotor behaviors seem to be associated with extensive activity in the fly brain beyond those neurons that are directly involved in the behavior. (nature.com)
  • However, studies that employ neuropil imaging in the fly and widefield imaging in the mouse do not distinguish whether behavior results in the activation of all neurons or the activation of more limited but distributed clusters of neurons. (nature.com)
  • Why does neural activity extend well beyond those neurons responsible for the behavior? (nature.com)
  • If a majority of neurons are indeed active during behavior, this would imply that the neural ensembles that are capable of eliciting specific behaviors (e.g., mating, aggression, or egg laying), will also be active during unrelated behaviors. (nature.com)
  • This further implies that the ability of clusters of neurons to elicit specific behaviors must be modulated by behavioral context. (nature.com)
  • Researchers found that ERK activity is increased during rest intervals to induce transcriptional cycling between c-Fos and CREB in a subset of mushroom body neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Significantly, LTM is encoded in these mushroom body neurons, and blocking outputs from these neurons suppress recall of LTM whereas activating these neurons produces memory-associated behaviors. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Nov. 24, 2021 When mice rest, individual neurons fire in seconds-long, coordinated cascades, triggering activity across the brain, according to new research. (sciencedaily.com)
  • June 5, 2020 Researchers have found that activity in adult-born neurons (ABNs) in the hippocampus, which is a brain region associated with memory, are responsible for memory consolidation during REM sleep. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Different subpopulations of neurons in the dorsal raphe region of the mouse brain. (berkeley.edu)
  • Arranged in pairs, each mushroom body consists of a column-like portion, called the lobe, capped by a dome-like structure, called the calyx, where neurons that relay information sent from the animal's sensory organs converge. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Moreover, the sleep regulatory neurons in Drosophila are distributed throughout the whole brain and interacting with other brain activities, making them suitable for studying complex regulatory networks related sleep. (drosophilidae.com)
  • The firing process of R5 neurons in the ellipsoid body is in a manner similar to the firing of neurons during slow-wave sleep in the mammalian neocortex. (drosophilidae.com)
  • The mushroom body is composed of 2500 neurons, including dopamine neurons that promote wakefulness and are involved in regulating sleep activity and other higher functions. (drosophilidae.com)
  • Marder, E. and Abbott, L.F. (2022) Remembering Hirsch Cohen and His Role in Developing Computational Neuroscience. (columbia.edu)
  • More than 60 program faculty from many departments provide broad expertise from molecular and cellular neuroscience to systems and computational neuroscience, to human cognitive neuroscience. (berkeley.edu)
  • Researchers have mapped the activity of brain cells in the mushroom body of flies conditioned to have Pavlovian behavioral responses to different odors. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • How animals respond to repeatedly applied stimuli, and how animals respond to mechanical stimuli in particular, are important questions in behavioral neuroscience. (bvsalud.org)
  • To meet these challenges, a multi-disciplinary approach employing different neuroscience research tools like molecular biology, virus-based circuit mapping, opto/chemo-genetics, in vivo/in vitro electrophysiological recording, brain imaging and novel behavioral paradigms is adopted. (edu.hk)
  • 2007). Such distributions of behavioral output, seen in foraging behavior in many animals, are characteristically long-tailed. (the-mouse-trap.com)
  • Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • This behavioral effect correlates with altered stress and detoxification gene expression in the brain. (frontiersin.org)
  • Skinner's analogy sparked wide interest, e.g. an entire journal issue (Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7(04), 1984), which later appeared in book form (The Selection of Behavior: The Operant Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner: Comments and Consequences. (brembs.net)
  • Microscopy technology allows researchers to discover new connections in brain areas associated with memory and learning in fruit flies. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Do Flies Have Brains? (whatsthatbug.com)
  • Recent studies reveal that flies, specifically fruit flies, exhibit more advanced brain functions than previously thought. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • One such study conducted at the University of California San Diego's Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind demonstrates that fruit flies exhibit complex cognitive processes. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • So, the answer is yes, flies do have brains. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • In summary, flies do have brains with unique anatomical features that help them navigate and perceive their environment more effectively. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • The researchers trained the flies to form long-term memories by exposing them to an odor - either an earthy, mushroom-like smell (3-octanol) or a menthol-like smell (4-methylcyclohexanol) - while simultaneously delivering a negative stimulus in the form of an electric shock. (princeton.edu)
  • Our results therefore demonstrate that naive water-seeking, learned water-seeking and water learning use separable neural circuitry in the brain of thirsty flies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Zhou M, Lei Z , Li H, Yi W, Zhang Z , Guo A . NMDA receptors-dependent plasticity in the phototaxis preference behavior induced by visual deprivation in young and adult flies. (neurotree.org)
  • Recent work investigating torque behavior of wild-type flies (similar to our shorter experiments here) has shown that, during extended flights, the occurrence of turning maneuvers can be described by a Le´vi distribution (Maye et al. (the-mouse-trap.com)
  • In this episode we will be looking at how nervous systems can learn and form memories, and how this is studied using the brain of fruit flies, a topic investigated by André Fiala at the University of Göttingen in Germany. (researchpod.org)
  • Of course, the brains of flies and humans are quite different in size and complexity. (researchpod.org)
  • Silencing iPNs severely diminished flies' attraction behavior. (elifesciences.org)
  • 2020. Larval mannitol diets increase mortality, prolong development, and decrease adult body sizes in fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaste r). (ecitondude.net)
  • We used swept, confocally-aligned planar excitation (SCAPE) microscopy to image all cells in a large volume of the brain of adult Drosophila with high spatiotemporal resolution while flies engaged in a variety of spontaneous behaviors. (nature.com)
  • Using crustacean brain samples, the researchers applied tagged antibodies that act like probes, homing in on and highlighting proteins that have been shown to be essential for learning and memory in fruit flies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We know of several proteins that are necessary for the establishment of learning and memory in fruit flies," Strausfeld said, "and if you use antibodies that detect those proteins across insect species, the mushroom bodies light up every time. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers present evidence of synaptic plasticity in the fruit fly brain as the animal learns. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • 2022. Brain plasticity indicates key cognitive demands in an animal society: caste comparisons in dampwood termites. (ecitondude.net)
  • The researchers found that parallel bundles of neuronal fibers in the mushroom bodies in each species are arranged in similarly structured, orthogonal networks typical of learning circuits. (medindia.net)
  • Two independent mushroom body output circuits retrieve the six discrete components of Drosophila aversive memory. (espci.fr)
  • My team tackles the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders at multiple levels, from cells to neural circuits and brain networks. (edu.hk)
  • The neural circuits that mediate higher cognitive functions (e.g. learning and memory, multi-tasking ability) and emotion-related behaviors (e.g. stress-induced adaptive behaviors) are not well understood. (edu.hk)
  • One interpretation of our results is that the mushroom body circuits defined by dunce/ rutabaga/radish expression are involved in establishing the balance between persistence and flexibility [i.e., the explore/exploit dilemma (Daw et al. (the-mouse-trap.com)
  • Information about sensory stimuli - like smell - is transmitted in a hierarchical manner between circuits within different brain regions. (researchpod.org)
  • Interestingly, there are very similar neuronal connections and circuits in the much smaller brains of insects. (researchpod.org)
  • Interestingly, the transmitter substance that informs the neuronal circuits about rewarding or punishing experiences is the same in the insect brain and the mammalian brain - namely dopamine. (researchpod.org)
  • Abbott, L.F. and Svoboda, K., editors (2020) Brain-wide Interactions Between Neural Circuits. (columbia.edu)
  • The identification of these circuits has suggested a view of the fly brain as a collection of specialized microcircuits. (nature.com)
  • Distributed activity may provide circuits that control specific behaviors with information relevant to the locomotor state of the organism. (nature.com)
  • We look not only at visible behavior, but also at neural circuits and genes that control sensations and behavior. (uni-bonn.de)
  • Recent research by other scientists has also shown that those circuits interact with other brain centers in strengthening or reducing the importance of a recollection as the animal gathers experiences from its environment. (sciencedaily.com)
  • An analogous simple electrical circuit suggests possible neural and molecular processes behind adaptive behavior. (bvsalud.org)
  • Attaining the right balance between persistence and flexibility is a crucial feature of adaptive behavior, because it reflects the balance between exploration and exploitation of natural resources. (the-mouse-trap.com)
  • We want to understand how animals infer and use internal models to produce adaptive, flexible behavior in dynamic, uncertain settings. (janelia.org)
  • Behavior is therefore extremely adaptive and flexible. (uni-bonn.de)
  • In addition, the neural networks for adaptive behavior are the target of common neurological diseases. (uni-bonn.de)
  • A 2020 review in Frontiers in Neuroscience reported excessive alcohol use or alcohol dependency could compromise the blood brain barrier, which prevents harmful chemicals or drugs from entering the brain. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Whether they occur in nature, our bodies or minds, fractal separatrices or boundaries reveal infinite, hidden frontiers in the space between ordinary, Euclidean dimensions. (ning.com)
  • The brain is the largest cluster of neuron somata in the body and is typically located in the head, usually near organs for special senses such as vision, hearing and olfaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Murthy's team focused on neuron types in one part of the brain, the mushroom body, named for its distinctive shape. (princeton.edu)
  • We find that optogenetic activation of the dopaminergic neuron DAN-i1 can both establish memory during training and acutely terminate learned search behavior in a subsequent recall test. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • Dendrogram analyses of all the synaptic connections between DAN-i1 and its two main targets, the Kenyon cells and the mushroom body output neuron MBON-i1, further suggest that the DAN-i1 signals during training and during the recall test could be delivered to the Kenyon cells and to MBON-i1, respectively, within previously unrecognized, locally confined branching structures. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • With this method, the researchers found an unexpected result: certain genes involved in creating long-term memories in the brain are the same ones that the eye uses for sensing light. (princeton.edu)
  • Although body size is largely determined by genes, it is also significantly influenced by environmental factors such as diet and exercise. (solarnavigator.net)
  • A key player in memory and learning in insects, mushroom bodies have not previously been identified in crustaceans. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The brain centers in question are paired, lobed structures first discovered in insects and known as mushroom bodies. (medindia.net)
  • But even these small insects, like all animals, can adjust their behavior according to experience, which is called learning. (researchpod.org)
  • Crustaceans share a brain structure known to be crucial for learning and memory in insects, researchers have discovered. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Both insects and crustaceans possess mushroom-shaped brain structures known in insects to be required for learning, memory and possibly negotiating complex, three-dimensional environments, according to the study, led by University of Arizona neuroscientist Nicholas Strausfeld. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the current paper, the group provides evidence that neuro-anatomical features that define mushroom bodies -- at one time thought to be an evolutionary feature proprietary to insects -- are present across crustaceans, a group that includes more than 50,000 species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Brain analysis of crustaceans has revealed that while the mushroom bodies found in crustaceans appear more diverse than those of insects, their defining neuroanatomical and molecular elements are all there. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Insects have long been used to explore the neuronal computations of complex behaviors (for a review see 23 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Understanding how the brain transforms sensory input into complex behavior is a fundamental question in systems neuroscience. (harvard.edu)
  • Whereas the more persistent optomotor behavior of dunce1 and rutabaga2080, both affecting the cAMP-associated pathways (Davis et al. (the-mouse-trap.com)
  • Here, we show that sublethal exposure to two commonly used insecticides, imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid) and sulfoxaflor, results in impaired optomotor behavior in the honeybee. (frontiersin.org)
  • Though smaller and simpler than human brains, fly brains reveal fascinating neural networks that contribute to their complex cognitive abilities. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • In this endeavour she also investigates the neural circuit mechanisms underlying cognitive functions and the emergence of emotions-related behaviors that could be impaired in different brain disorders including neurodegenerative diseases. (edu.hk)
  • Neural circuit basis of cognitive functions and emotions-related behaviors. (edu.hk)
  • Charles Henry Turner and the cognitive behavior of bees. (cbi-toulouse.fr)
  • HHMI researchers used electronic microscopy technology to generate a high resolution digital snapshot of the adult fruit fly brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Amnesiac is required in the adult mushroom body for memory formation. (espci.fr)
  • Expression of iron transporters and pathological hallmarks of parkinson's and alzheimer's diseases in the brain of young, adult, and aged rats. (edu.hk)
  • 2022. Body size correlations with female aggression and physiology suggest pre-adult effects on caste in an independent-founding eusocial paper wasp ( Mischocyttarus pallidipectus Hymenoptera: Vespidae). (ecitondude.net)
  • To do this, we combine neuroscience and physiology to understand how the brain and body communicate at the cellular and molecular levels. (uni-bonn.de)
  • His research activities reach into many areas of the Neurosciences ranging from the molecular mechanisms of neuronal fate determination to the circuitry underlying behaviour. (humboldt-foundation.de)
  • In addition, hands-on research projects in faculty laboratories cover techniques ranging from molecular neuroscience to neurophysiology and optogenetics to fMRI. (berkeley.edu)
  • Decades of research has untangled arthropods' evolutionary relationships using morphological, molecular and genetic data, as well as evidence from the structure of their brains. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It turns out that the structure and function of brain centers responsible for learning and memory in a wide range of invertebrate species may possibly share the same fundamental characteristics, according to a new study published in the journal Current Biology and performed by University of Arizona neuroscientists Nicholas Strausfeld, Regents' Professor in the Department of Neuroscience, part of the UA's School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, and Gabriella Wolff. (medindia.net)
  • A more evolutionarily "modern" group of crustaceans called Reptantia, which includes many lobsters and crabs, do indeed appear to have brain centers that don't look at all like the insect mushroom body. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This finding challenges our understanding of these tiny creatures and sets the stage for improved research on their vision and behavior. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • Decades of research have revealed that in the insect brain, odours evoke activity in small groups of Kenyon cells of the mushroom body. (researchpod.org)
  • Oct. 7, 2020 A research team has discovered that during memory consolidation, there are at least two distinct processes taking place in two different brain networks -- the excitatory and inhibitory networks. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The research focus of our group is the study of sensations and needs on individual behavior and decision making. (uni-bonn.de)
  • The Neuroscience PhD Program at UC Berkeley offers intensive training in neuroscience research through a combination of coursework, research training, mentoring, and professional development. (berkeley.edu)
  • A unique feature of the neuroscience training at Berkeley is the highly multidisciplinary research environment. (berkeley.edu)
  • Neuroscience is a broad field that requires multidisciplinary training as well as intensive study of specific concepts and techniques related to each student's primary research focus. (berkeley.edu)
  • The course features lectures on key neuroscience concepts and on classical and emerging experimental techniques and research seminars by Berkeley Neuroscience faculty. (berkeley.edu)
  • Giordano says drinking before smoking may also make it easier for drugs to enter the brain - although further research is needed. (discovermagazine.com)
  • New research shows that crustaceans such as shrimps, lobsters and crabs have more in common with their insect relatives than previously thought -- when it comes to the structure of their brains. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The research, published in the open-access journal eLife , challenges a widely held belief in the scientific community that these brain structures -- called "mushroom bodies" -- are conspicuously absent from crustacean brains. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Leary's saying would become a prominent impetus for politicians clamping down on the incredibly promising psychedelic research in neuroscience that had been taking shape over the preceding decades. (erraticus.co)
  • CD BioSciences is devoted to developing the breadth and depth of Drosophila 's applications as a model organism, and advancing fundamental neuroscience research by means of interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches. (drosophilidae.com)
  • Drosophila , with its optimal balance of functional and structural complexity, is an ideal model for neuroscience research and has great potential for applications in the basic sleep biology, human health and disease. (drosophilidae.com)
  • The release of dopamine helps achieve a pleasurable drug experience and increases reinforcement behavior to do it again in the future, explains Joseph R. Volpicelli, medical director of the Volpicelli Center, an addiction treatment facility in Pennsylvania. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Clearly, the idea that reinforcement selects from a variation of different behaviors is not a novel concept at all, but more than three decades old and rather prominent. (brembs.net)
  • The network is characterized by a precise temporal sequence of activations within a gastric cycle, beginning with somato-motor cortices and ending with the extrastriate body area and dorsal precuneus. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that canonical resting-state networks based on instantaneous connectivity represent only one of the possible partitions of the brain into coherent networks based on temporal dynamics. (elifesciences.org)
  • This revealed neural representations of behavior on multiple spatial and temporal scales. (nature.com)
  • What are the spatial and temporal scales of activity in the brain? (nature.com)
  • The Nature Neuroscience article "Temporal structure of motor variability is dynamically regulated and predicts motor learning ability" by Wu et al . (brembs.net)
  • Researchers believe their finding could shed light on how brain structures evolved in arthropods. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Scientists have long been fascinated by how anatomical structures in the brain can generate the diversity of behaviors apparent in the animal kingdom. (harvard.edu)
  • Because the commonalities between mushroom bodies in different species are so striking, there has been a debate about whether these structures evolved independently or whether they derive from a common ancestor. (medindia.net)
  • The mushroom bodies are higher-order structures of arthropod brains that integrate incoming sensory information with positive or negative experiences, such as rewards or punishments. (researchpod.org)
  • The lateral horn (LH) of the insect brain is thought to play several important roles in olfaction, including maintaining the sparseness of responses to odors by means of feedforward inhibition, and encoding preferences for innately meaningful odors. (jneurosci.org)
  • Through a series of experiments, they analyzed how locusts' brains reacted to various odors and the behavior exhibited in response. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Lei Z , Chen K , Li H, Liu H , Guo A . The GABA system regulates the sparse coding of odors in the mushroom bodies of Drosophila. (neurotree.org)
  • shows that certain qualities of odors are contained in a spatial map in a specific brain region of the fly. (elifesciences.org)
  • Turrel O, Rabah Y, Plaçais PY, Goguel V, Preat T. (2020) Drosophila Middle-Term Memory: Amnesiac is Required for PKA Activation in the Mushroom Bodies, a Function Modulated by Neprilysin 1. (espci.fr)
  • Thus, locomotor behaviors are often associated with more extensive patterns of activity than are required to elicit the specific behavior. (nature.com)
  • Recent models in modern neuroscience treat the brain as a biological computer, very different in mechanism from a digital computer, but similar in the sense that it acquires information from the surrounding world, stores it, and processes it in a variety of ways. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism of how human brain processes the language to express and comprehend the verbal, written, gestures and symbols is still a mystery. (medindia.net)
  • From invertebrates to humans, sleep is not only critical to all aspects of brain function, but is closely linked to many different biological processes. (drosophilidae.com)
  • The central complex, which includes the fan and ellipsoid bodies, receives and processes signals that regulate sleep duration and balance. (drosophilidae.com)
  • The inner ear processes movement and communicates with the rest of the brain. (drprill.com)
  • 2022. N est architecture, prey, and body size in grass-carrying wasps Isodontia auripes (Fernald) at two sites in New York (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). (ecitondude.net)
  • 2022. The evolution of head size hypoallometry: biomechanical implications and brain investment as a possible cause. (ecitondude.net)
  • While invertebrate brains arise from paired segmental ganglia (each of which is only responsible for the respective body segment) of the ventral nerve cord, vertebrate brains develop axially from the midline dorsal nerve cord as a vesicular enlargement at the rostral end of the neural tube, with centralized control over all body segments. (wikipedia.org)
  • they show up in the brains of other arthropods, including centipedes, millipedes and some arachnids. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This article compares the properties of brains across the entire range of animal species, with the greatest attention to vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The shape and size of the brain varies greatly between species, and identifying common features is often difficult. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nevertheless, there are a number of principles of brain architecture that apply across a wide range of species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Strausfeld's and Wolff's analysis revealed a ground pattern organization that is common to mushroom bodies in all of the investigated species, suggesting its inheritance from an ancient ancestor, possibly 600 million years in the past. (medindia.net)
  • This ground pattern of mushroom bodies is ubiquitous across a broad range of species," said Wolff, a graduate student in the Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program. (medindia.net)
  • iBehave brings together scientists who will work across disciplines and species to study survival-related behaviors and their underlying neural networks. (uni-bonn.de)
  • This, combined with an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make greater use of tools than any other species. (solarnavigator.net)
  • Food wanting is mediated by transient activation of dopaminergic signaling in the honey bee brain. (cbi-toulouse.fr)
  • Humans have a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, language and introspection. (solarnavigator.net)
  • Although humans appear relatively hairless compared to other primates, with notable hair growth occurring chiefly on the top of the head, underarms and pubic area, the average human has more hair on his or her body than the average chimpanzee. (solarnavigator.net)
  • The Tassili n'Ajjer National Park in south-east Algeria is home to ancient rock art carvings (7,000 - 9,000 years old) that point to a lengthy, deep relationship between humans and psychedelic mushrooms. (erraticus.co)
  • A gustotopic map of taste qualities in the mammalian brain. (thepenglab.org)
  • This principle is very similar to how odours are encoded in parts of the cortex of the mammalian brain, but at a much smaller size. (researchpod.org)
  • Learn how our physiological state and needs influence behavior and neural circuitry. (uni-bonn.de)
  • Our researchers are developing ways to elicit, perturb, measure, and interpret complex and rapidly adapting behaviors, both in the lab and in enriched, ethological settings. (janelia.org)
  • The mushroom body is an incredibly ancient, fundamental brain structure," said Strausfeld, Regents Professor of neuroscience and director of the University of Arizona's Center for Insect Science. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It is the most specialized and energy-consuming organ in the body, responsible for complex sensory perception, motor control, endocrine regulation and the development of intelligence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their compound eyes, antennae, and proboscis all play crucial roles in their sensory perception and feeding behaviors. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • Even though the paper is focused on the methodology, which I think will be impactful for the field, there is this new science here-a whole new class of molecules we found that is in the central brain and seems to be involved in memory formation," Murthy said. (princeton.edu)
  • An active brain can certainly help in improving memory by strengthening the connections between neural impulses in brain. (medindia.net)
  • Known memory-deficient mutants exhibit distinct behavior profiles and habituation time constants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Irregular sleep patterns (insomnia) - cause memory loss and sluggish thinking because your brain has not had a chance to regenerate during sleep. (iseqh.org)
  • In addition, there is also some preliminary evidence for the use of baseline FDG-PET of the brain in conjunction with episodic memory assessment to predict conversion to AD. (medscape.com)
  • It is possible that these sensory proteins have been repurposed by the brain for a different function," Murthy said. (princeton.edu)