• In an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia (oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD) we investigated whether erythropoietin (EPO) plays a critical role in ischemic preconditioning. (jneurosci.org)
  • The neuroprotective effects of remifentanil preconditioning against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury have been recently reported. (springer.com)
  • Here we investigated whether remifentanil postconditioning exerts neuroprotective effects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and its potential mechanisms. (springer.com)
  • The results suggest that remifentanil postconditioning exhibits neuroprotective effects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and its mechanisms might involve inhibition of neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K pathway. (springer.com)
  • Wang JY, Shen J, Gao Q et al (2008) Ischemic postconditioning protects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rats. (springer.com)
  • Ren C, Yan Z, Wei D et al (2009) Limb remote ischemic postconditioning protects against focal ischemia in rats. (springer.com)
  • Ding ZM, Wu B, Zhang WQ et al (2012) Neuroprotective Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning and Postconditioning on Global Brain Ischemia in Rats through the same effect on inhibition of apoptosis. (springer.com)
  • Jeong S, Kim SJ, Jeong C et al (2012) Neuroprotective effects of remifentanil against transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. (springer.com)
  • Yuan Y, Guo Q, Ye Z et al (2011) Ischemic postconditioning protects brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis through PI3K-Akt pathway. (springer.com)
  • Ischemic tolerance defines transient resistance to lethal ischemia gained by a prior sublethal noxious stimulus (i.e., preconditioning). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fate of the brain tissue after focal cerebral ischemia is determined by the degree and duration of ischemia, and even without preconditioning, resident brain cells naturally respond to brain ischemia by mobilizing a host of defences and counter responses to mitigate cell injury and death [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the lethal ischemic insult is applied onto this latent protective phenotype, a separate set of responses are triggered that constitute ischemia-tolerant phenotype, which strikingly differs from the unprimed or unpreconditioned brain's phenotype (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the absence of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), MCAO induces a large infarction (ischemia-sensitive phenotype). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ischemic preconditioning, short periods of ischemia with intermittent reperfusion, has been shown to protect the myocardium from a subsequent longer ischemic insult (21-23). (lomr.org)
  • Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is normally an ailment of sublethal transient global ischemia and exhibits neuroprotective effects against following lethal ischemic insult. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
  • Based on the preconditioning concept that a subthreshold insult may protect from a subsequent harmful event, we aimed at identifying a new preconditioning protocol able to enhance Ca2+-dependent neurogenesis in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI). (unisannio.it)
  • Purpose Potent endogenous protection from ischemia can be induced in the retina by ischemic preconditioning (IPC). (researchassistantresume.com)
  • Involvement of Endothelin-1, H2S and Nrf2 in Beneficial Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Vascular Dementia in Mice. (scienceopen.com)
  • 2. Ren C, Yan Z, Wei D, Gao X, Chen X, Zhao H. Limb remote ischemic postconditioning protects against focal ischemia in rats. (ac.ir)
  • Interrupting reperfusion as a stroke therapy: ischemic postconditioning reduces infarct size after focal ischemia in rats. (ac.ir)
  • 6. Xing B, Chen H, Zhang M, Zhao D, Jiang R, Liu X, Zhang S. Ischemic postconditioning inhibits apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat. (ac.ir)
  • 7. Yuan Y, Guo Q, Ye Z, Pingping X, Wang N, Song Z. Ischemic postconditioning protects brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis through PI3K-Akt pathway. (ac.ir)
  • Ischemic postconditioning may not influence early brain injury induced by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. (ac.ir)
  • 13. Zhang W, Miao Y, Zhou S, Jiang J, Luo Q, Qiu Y. Neuroprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning on global brain ischemia in rats through upregulation of hippocampal glutamine synthetase. (ac.ir)
  • Finally, we will provide a critical evaluation of the therapeutic potential of COX inhibitors in cerebral ischemia and discuss new targets downstream of COX with potential neuroprotective ability. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The major source of free radicals in post-ischemic tissue appears to be initiated by the formation of superoxide anion, formed by the action of xanthine oxidase. (lomr.org)
  • Interfering RNA directed against Akt subtypes prevented the ameliorative effect of IPC on post-ischemic apoptosis. (researchassistantresume.com)
  • The production of antioxidant enzymes that scavenge free radicals in ischemic tissue is then impaired, thereby exacerbating the damage caused by these free radicals in the post ischemic reperfusion tissue. (frontiersin.org)
  • 9. Allahtavakoli M, Moloudi R, Arababadi MK, Shamsizadeh A, Javanmardi K. Delayed post ischemic treatment with Rosiglitazone attenuates infarct volume, neurological deficits and neutrophilia after embolic stroke in rat. (ac.ir)
  • Zhou Y, Fathali N, Lekic T et al (2012) Remote limb ischemic postconditioning protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rat pups by the opioid receptor/Akt pathway. (springer.com)
  • To identify alternative interventions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, researchers' attention has been focused to the study of endogenous neuroprotective strategies. (unisannio.it)
  • At 48 h after the injections, hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury was induced by unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia for 65 min. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effects of global mitochondrial calcium (Ca 2+ ) uniporter (MCU) deficiency on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, neuronal Ca 2+ handling, bioenergetics and hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) were examined. (nyu.edu)
  • Delta opioid receptor Remote ischemic conditioning Citations Murry, C. E. (wikipedia.org)
  • IP is a biphasic phenomenon, with an early short-lasting phase of protection that develops within minutes from the initial ischemic insult and lasts ∼2 hr. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the heart, IPC is an intrinsic process whereby repeated short episodes of ischaemia protect the myocardium against a subsequent ischaemic insult. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the blood supply to an organ or a tissue is impaired for a short time (usually less than five minutes) then restored so that blood flow is resumed, and the process repeated two or more times, the cells downstream of the tissue or organ are robustly protected from a final ischemic insult when the blood supply is cut off entirely and permanently. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neurons and microvessels respond equally rapidly to the acute ischemic insult. (molcells.org)
  • Zhang Y, Chen ZW, Girwin M et al (2005) Remifentanil mimics cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning via protein kinase C activation in open chest of rats. (springer.com)
  • 20. Zhao H. The protective effect of ischemic postconditioning against ischemic injury: from the heart to the brain. (ac.ir)
  • Although anesthetics such as propofol are neuroprotective as well, neuroprotection during surgery and anesthesia is discussed with the aim of preventing and treating complications that result in CNS damage. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Chen TY, Goyagi T, Toung TJ et al (2004) Prolonged opportunity for ischemic neuroprotection with selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist in rats. (springer.com)
  • An attenuation of HPC neuroprotection as well as a reduction in the expression of neurogenesis markers, including p57 and NeuroD1, was observed in preconditioned mice lacking NCX1 or NCX3. (unisannio.it)
  • In the present study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of 1,5-AF on aging-associated brain diseases in vivo using an animal model of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs), and the spontaneous senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) model. (aging-us.com)
  • According to previously established studies [ 8 ], the ischemic avalanche followed by a stroke is comprised of three phases, i.e., (i) acute phase, (ii) the subacute phase, and (iii) the chronic phase (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Specifically, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) have been shown to play a critical role in the exacerbation of ischemic brain injury in the acute stroke phase and in the postischemic brain remodeling and angiogenesis in the post-acute phase [ 5 , 6 ]. (explorationpub.com)
  • 12. Mitsios N, Gaffney J, Kumar P, Krupinski J, Kumar S, Slevin M. Pathophysiology of acute ischaemic stroke: an analysis of common signalling mechanisms and identification of new molecular targets. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • In the scenario of IT, PC stimulus primes the brain for subsequent injurious ischemic injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ischemic preconditioning, therefore, protects against subsequent ischemic injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have shown that preconditioning by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) will result in 90% reduction in ischemic brain damage in P7 rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stroev SA, Tjulkova EI, Gluschenko TS, Rybnikova EA, Samoilov MO, Pelto-Huikko M. The augmentation of brain thioredoxin-1 expression after severe hypobaric hypoxia by the preconditioning in rats. (benthamscience.com)
  • 4. Ren C, Gao X, Niu G, Yan Z, Chen X, Zhao H. Delayed postconditioning protects against focal ischemic brain injury in rats. (ac.ir)
  • Danger signal evoked in the brain by the stressing preconditioning stimulus induces complex endogenous protective mechanisms resulting to a latent protective phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A significant reduction in ischemic damage was observed in mice subjected to 20' hypoxia followed,3 days later, by 60' HI, thus suggesting that 20' hypoxia functions as preconditioning stimulus. (unisannio.it)
  • Ischemic tolerance or preconditioning is a phenomenon by which a sub-injurious stimulus is applied to a tissue such as the brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After a certain delay, the brain develops tolerance to ischemic injury caused by the injurious stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In humans, transient ischemic attacks may be the clinical correlate of preconditioning leading to ischemic tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a transient neurological deficit (speech disturbance, weakness…), caused by temporary occlusion of a brain vessel by a blood clot that leaves no lasting effect. (stanford.edu)
  • Hypoxic Preconditioning (HPC) was reproduced by exposing P7 mice to 20' hypoxia. (unisannio.it)
  • Effect of ischaemic preconditioning on genomic response to cerebral ischaemia: similarity to neuroprotective strategies in hibernation and hypoxia-tolerant states. (brainstorming.com)
  • An insight into the biology of ischemic stroke indicates that a stream of molecular events initiates instantly after the onset of ischemic stroke, such as oxidative stress, increased level of intracellular calcium, excitotoxicity, and inflammation which results in apoptotic or necrotic neuronal cell death [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Transgenic overexpression of peroxiredoxin-2 attenuates ischemic neuronal injury via suppression of a redox-sensitive pro-death signaling pathway. (benthamscience.com)
  • Ischemic stroke is a vascular disorder affecting neuronal function. (molcells.org)
  • It has been demonstrated that ozone, probably by means of an oxidative preconditioning (OP) mechanism, protected the liver against the damage mediated by reactive oxygen species. (lomr.org)
  • The control animals had no such period of "ischaemic preconditioning" and had much larger infarct sizes compared with the dogs that did. (wikipedia.org)
  • Various noxious stimuli can precondition the brain, presumably through a common mechanism, genomic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is the first study to show that TLR-3 is expressed in the immature brain and mediates preconditioning against ischemic injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alkan T (2009) Neuroproctective effects of ischemic tolerance (preconditioning) and postconditioning. (springer.com)
  • Since the first landmark experimental demonstration of ischemic tolerance in the gerbil brain in early 1990's, basic scientific knowledge on the mechanisms of cerebral ischemic tolerance increased substantially. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ischemic tolerance occurs in two temporally distinct windows. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This phenomenon named as preconditioning (PC) and tolerance has been shown to exist in many organs, most extensively in the heart. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the neuroprotective effects of remifentanil postconditioning were abolished by pretreatment of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. (springer.com)
  • Pateliya BB, Singh N, Jaggi AS (2008) Possible role of opioids and KATP channels in neuroprotective effect of postconditioning in mice. (springer.com)
  • 21. Zhao H. Ischemic postconditioning as a novel avenue to protect against brain injury after stroke. (ac.ir)
  • 4- OzoneOP + I/R, as group 2 but submitted to a previous oxidative preconditioning with 15 sessions, daily, of ozone by rectal administration (dose = 1 mg/kg). (lomr.org)
  • It has been demonstrated (17-18) that ozone, probably by means of an oxidative preconditioning mechanism, protected the liver against the damage produced by a chemical challenge mediated by ROS. (lomr.org)
  • Taking into account both protective effects, ischemic and ozone oxidative preconditioning, against liver injury by I/R, the aim of this study is to stablish a comparison between them, in a liver I/R model. (lomr.org)
  • Despite the extensive attempts in developing ischemic stroke treatments, only intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy have hitherto been shown to be effective in clinical settings. (explorationpub.com)
  • Free radicals are downstream mediators of several cytotoxic cascades contributing to ischemic brain injury. (hydrogenstudies.com)
  • Although the mechanism of preconditioning is not yet known, it has been suggested that liver ischemic preconditioning is mediated by the inhibitory action of nitric oxide on endothelin and through the balance of adenosine and xanthine levels (24,27). (lomr.org)
  • Preliminary and as yet unpublished surveys of the methadone-treated population point to a high degree of protection from myocardial ischemic events. (wikipedia.org)
  • The delay to protection may be minutes to few hours (rapid or early preconditioning) or days (delayed preconditioning) requiring protein synthesis [ 10 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ischemic brain injury is associated with a high rate of mortality and disability with no effective therapeutic strategy. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, MSCs were suggested as a promising candidate for ischemic brain injury patients[ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Ischemic stroke activates components of innate and/or adaptive immunity and induces brain inflammatory responses, which besides removing damaged tissue exacerbate ischemic brain injury [ 3 , 4 ]. (explorationpub.com)
  • Many studies have focused on the roles of CSMCs in ischemic brain injury to investigate their functions and underlying mechanisms. (molcells.org)
  • Cyclooxygenase inhibition in ischemic brain injury. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Intrinsically, ischemic stroke indicates the cascade of congesting events, i.e., thrombus formation and embolism, that ultimately decreases the local blood flow and cause oxygen deprivation in affected brain tissue. (hindawi.com)
  • The protection associated with preconditioning is one of the most powerful mechanisms of protection known. (lomr.org)
  • The objective of this study was to provide a generalized critique for the role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke injury, its underlying mechanisms, and constraints on its preclinical and clinical applications. (hindawi.com)
  • Herein, we presented an overview of a previously published work regarding the role of stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke and its underlying molecular mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • Zhang Y, Irwin MG, Wong TM (2004) Remifentanil preconditioning protects against ischemic injury in the intact rat heart. (springer.com)
  • The most common type of stroke is ischemic stroke, which results from the occlusion of a cerebral vessel by a clot. (explorationpub.com)
  • Two main types of stroke exist: ischemic stroke (due to clot-mediated blood vessel occlusion), which accounts for about 85% of all stroke cases, and hemorrhagic stroke (caused by blood vessel rupture), which accounts for 15% of total cases. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Taking into account that ischemic preconditioning (IschP) is also a protective mechanism, a comparative study between both preconditioning effects, with the aim to study the effectiveness of both protective procedures, was performed. (lomr.org)
  • Despite evidence that these effects should be neuroprotective, global MCU nulls and wild-type (WT) mice suffered comparable HI brain damage. (nyu.edu)
  • This interesting study supports the hypothesis of the protective effects of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) against ischemic events like stroke. (entandaudiologynews.com)
  • EETs are shown to exert neuroprotective effects. (molcells.org)
  • We will discuss issues related to the biochemistry and selective pharmacological inhibition of COX enzymes, and further refer to their expression in the brain under normal conditions and following excitotoxicity and ischemic cerebral injury. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Subsequently, a cascade of signaling events initiated by the preconditioning stress establishes delayed protection. (jneurosci.org)
  • We hypothesized that TLRs other than TLR-4 may mediate preconditioning against cerebral ischemic injury in the developing brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Poly I:C-induced preconditioning against ischemic injury may be mediated by modulation of TLR-3 signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the role of TLRs in ischemic injury of the developing brain is yet to be determined. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 18. Wang CX, Yang T, Shuaib A. An improved version of embolic model of brain ischemic injury in the rat. (ac.ir)
  • Clinical trials of various neuroprotective agents are described and failures of trials are analyzed with suggestions for improving the selection of drugs and design of trials. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • We aim to provide the basis for establishing a future study to promote the clinical translation of stem cell therapy in ischemic brain diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • The preclinical data in support of the use of EPO in brain disease have already been translated to first clinical pilot studies with encouraging results with the use of EPO as a neuroprotective agent. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an experimental technique for producing resistance to the loss of blood supply, and thus oxygen, to tissues of many types. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pathomechanisms of diseases are described with steps at which neuroprotective therapies are directed. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The most severe cerebrospinal fluid and histologic changes occurred in the patient with the highest viral load, shortest duration of disease, and most medical preconditions. (cdc.gov)
  • The first lasts between 4-6 hours and has been named classical or early preconditioning. (wikipedia.org)
  • We will review present knowledge of the relative contribution of each COX isoform to the brain ischemic pathology, based on data from investigations utilizing selective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors and genetic knockout mouse models. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Considerable efforts have been made to establish treatments that prevent secondary ischemic damage and promote stroke recovery. (explorationpub.com)
  • To this purpose, we also investigated the role of the preconditioning-linked protein controlling ionic homeostasis, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). (unisannio.it)
  • Evidence for a neuroprotective microRNA pathway in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. (rndsystems.com)
  • Some research also suggests that ischemic conditioning is also beneficial following a stroke, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, or heart attack. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides, systemic hypoperfusion is another major factor in the occurrence of ischemic stroke [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)