Neurons undergo apoptosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. (kegg.jp)
As a molecular chaperone, HSP90 regulates the conformational maturation and functional stability of many signaling proteins in cells, serves important roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and tumor development and is an important antitumor target ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, cortical progenitors isolated from Atrx-null mice undergo enhanced apoptosis upon differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
One of the key areas of neuronal differentiation may be the selection of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors that all neuron possesses. (biotech-angels.com)
First, ecdysone signaling triggers a de-differentiation like event in γ neurons to facilitate the proceeding of remodeling. (sinica.edu.tw)
Article title：Hormone-controlled changes in the differentiation state of post-mitotic neurons. (sinica.edu.tw)

The results demonstrated that propofol-induced impairment in spatial learning and memory of rats and promoted oxidative stress, neuronal injury and apoptosis in rat hippocampal tissues. (degruyter.com)
This study focused on hearing loss, but there is evidence that other diseases associated with the loss of neurons, like Parkinson's or Alzheimer's, are associated with oxidative stress, and it's possible that the bak protein plays a role in apoptosis in those diseases as well. (sciencedaily.com)
Oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal dysfunction of neurons has been implicated as a crucial cause of cell apoptosis or death in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. (ijbs.com)
The current study is to reveal the regulatory effects of Rg1 on cytoskeletal and morphological lesion in oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. (ijbs.com)
The results demonstrated that pre-treatment with Rg1 (0.1-10 μM) attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level. (ijbs.com)
Several mechanisms of neuronal cell death have been proposed for HD, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, and apoptosis. (medscape.com)

Neuronal "birthdating" confirmed that fewer neurons reached the superficial cortical layers, despite normal progenitor cell proliferation. (ox.ac.uk)
The loss of cortical mass resulted from a 12-fold increase in neuronal apoptosis during early stages of corticogenesis in the mutant animals. (ox.ac.uk)
Depletion of intracellular zinc by N,N,N′,N′ -tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) induces p53-mediated protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis of mouse cortical neurons. (molcells.org)
First, we found that chemical inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP-1 markedly attenuated TPEN-induced apoptosis of cultured mouse cortical neurons. (molcells.org)
Exposure of cortical neurons to neurotoxic concentrations of NMDA increased extracellular choline and activated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol by phospholipase A 2 but did not induce significant degradation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylserine. (jneurosci.org)

However, whereas a direct role for Sox10 activity has been established in pigment and glial lineages, this is more controversial in NC-derived sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). (silverchair.com)
We proposed that sox10 functioned in specification of sensory neurons, whereas others suggested that sensory neuronal defects were merely secondary to absence of glia. (silverchair.com)
In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)

In addition, the retina underwent further degeneration in the postnatal period. (biologists.com)
Neurons undergo degeneration, apoptosis and death due to ischaemic stroke. (bvsalud.org)
This study established an in vivo PINK1 / Parkin -induced photoreceptor neuron degeneration model in Drosophila with the aim of dissecting the PINK1/Parkin pathway in detail. (sdbonline.org)
Disruption of either PINK1 or Parkin phosphorylation impairs the PINK1/Parkin pathway, and the degeneration phenotype of photoreceptor neurons is obviously alleviated. (sdbonline.org)
Symptoms and Signs Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases are characterized by steady, relentless, progressive degeneration of corticospinal tracts, anterior horn cells, bulbar motor nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)

Studies have shown that radial glia in the SGZ express nestin and Sox2, biomarkers associated with neural stem cells, and that isolated radial glia can generate new neurons in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
However, in two discrete regions, the granule cell layer of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle, stem cell continuously proliferate and generate new neurons throughout life. (gu.se)

What is the process of apoptosis for? (cassiopaea-cult.com)
But when the mitochondria receive signals indicating that the cell is damaged, they break up and begin the process of apoptosis. (sciencedaily.com)

At this point, after exiting the cell cycle, cells are considered immature neurons. (wikipedia.org)

As neuron precursors divide and generate action potentials, they concurrently undergo apoptosis. (paulbourke.net)
Critically, we demonstrate that Sox10 is expressed transiently in the sensory neuron lineage, and specifies sensory neuron precursors by regulating the proneural gene neurogenin1 . (silverchair.com)
2006 These neurons are derived from a set of Midline Precursors (MPs) that every divide once to generate 2 neurons. (biotech-angels.com)

The brain comprises many different types of neurons, but the SGZ generates only one type: granule cells-the primary excitatory neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG)--which are thought to contribute to cognitive functions such as memory and learning. (wikipedia.org)
Extracellular excitatory amino acids are mainly transported into cells by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) expressed on astrocytes to avoid excessive excitation of neurons. (spandidos-publications.com)
Using patch-clamp recordings in lamina II neurons of isolated spinal cord slices, we compared the effects of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)
Together, our data have demonstrated that PICs induce central sensitization and hyperalgesia via distinct and overlapping synaptic mechanisms in superficial dorsal horn neurons either by increasing excitatory synaptic transmission or by decreasing inhibitory synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)

Other than skeletal muscle, PEG MGF can employ protective functions on cardiac muscle as well by inhibiting apoptosis and increasing the proliferation of cardiac stem cells. (muscleandbrawn.com)

Postmitotic neurons also pass through a late maturation phase characterized by increased synaptic plasticity and a decreased threshold for long-term potentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Synaptic Signals from Glutamate-Treated Neurons Induce Aberrant Post-Synaptic Signals in Untreated Neuronal Networks. (uml.edu)
We used patch-clamp recording in dorsal horn neurons in isolated spinal cord slices to investigate whether PICs have similar or different effects on synaptic transmission in lamina II neurons in which nociceptive information is modulated and conveyed to projection neurons. (jneurosci.org)

However, there are few reports on the possible role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in early stages of apoptosis. (molcells.org)

Neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are indispensable regulators for the survival of glial cells and neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) [ 13 ]. (degruyter.com)

Eventually, the neurons are integrated into the hippocampal circuitry as fully matured granule cells. (wikipedia.org)
However, the majority of the computational studies have predominantly focused on the late stages of neurogenesis, when newborn neurons integrate into hippocampal circuitry. (biomedcentral.com)

It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. (kegg.jp)

By contrast, Sfrs1 was not required for the survival of the neurons generated later, including later-born amacrine cells, rod photoreceptors,bipolar cells and Müller glia. (biologists.com)
Our results highlight the requirement of Sfrs1-mediated alternative splicing for the survival of retinal neurons, with sensitivity defined by the window of time in which the neuron was generated. (biologists.com)
In vitro, co-culture and mixed culture experiments of MSCs with either microglia or neurons were performed, and then the activation state of microglia and survival rate of neurons were tested 48 h post-infection. (biomedcentral.com)
In co-culture experiments, MSCs reprogrammed M1-to-M2 switching in microglia and improved neuron survival. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we provide evidence that in zebrafish,early DRG sensory neuron survival is independent of differentiated glia. (silverchair.com)

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, the process of formation of new neurons, occurs throughout life in the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)

Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
We will then describe that resulting from engulfment and degradation of apoptotic cargo, phagocytes undergo an epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic rewiring that leads to trained immunity, and discuss its relevance for microglia and brain function. (frontiersin.org)
6 Hence, it is possible that mouse photoreceptors undergo c-Fos-dependent or- independent apoptotic pathways depending on the stimuli. (arvojournals.org)

Such vulnerability could be the level of the cholinergic neuron, itself, the neurotrophic support system, cytoskeleton alteration, target loss, and vascular dysfunction. (vin.com)
However, there is rare report about its effect on cytoskeleton and its undergoing mechanism. (ijbs.com)

We propose that the ensemble on neurons competitively selected is that which generates the maximum synchrony of action potentials. (paulbourke.net)
Ionizing radiation generates DNA damage, causing proliferative cells to undergo apoptosis. (gu.se)

I. Hellström NA, Zachrisson O, Kuhn HG and Patrone C. Rapid quantification of neurons and stem/progenitor cells in the adult mouse brain by flow cytometry. (gu.se)

Moreover, knocking down BDNF partially reversed esketamine-mediated activation of the mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling pathway and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in propofol-induced rats. (degruyter.com)
We used an inhibitor to examine the function of interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) family proteases during sympathetic neuronal death and to assess the metabolic and genetic status of neurons saved by such inhibition. (rupress.org)
Inhibition of parkin or Pink1 through the induction of stable RNAi transgene in the Ddc-Gal4-expressing neurons results in such phenotypes to model PD. (sdbonline.org)

Central sensitization, increased sensitivity in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons after injuries, plays an essential role in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, all the PICs increased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in superficial dorsal horn neurons and produced heat hyperalgesia after spinal injection. (jneurosci.org)

Apoptosis in light-induced photoreceptor cell death has been demonstrated by several groups since 1996. (arvojournals.org)

Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable, adult-onset, autosomal dominant inherited disorder associated with cell loss within a specific subset of neurons in the basal ganglia and cortex. (medscape.com)

We found that, during aging, the soma of neurons decreases in volume, whereas the number and length of neurite outgrowths from the soma both increase. (eneuro.org)
As humans age, the number of olfactory neurons steadily decreases. (medscape.com)

Loss of Sfrs1 function resulted in the death of retinal neurons that were born during early to mid-embryonic development. (biologists.com)
2006 The PMG undergo apoptosis during late embryonic development and their function is definitely unknown. (biotech-angels.com)
One of the critical things that happens during the development of the embryonic brain is the growth of millions of nerve fibers or "axons" to form connections among all the neurons in the developing brain. (blogspot.com)

However,these neurons subsequently underwent cell death through apoptosis. (biologists.com)

Here, we developed a work-flow and adopted algorithms to allow researchers to capture and analyze these age-dependent changes of Caenorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons in vivo . (eneuro.org)

Neuroblasts represent the last stage of precursor cell development before cells exit the cell cycle and assume their identity as neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Study of acetylcholinesterase activity and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and mice exposed to ethanol. (cdc.gov)
Ethanol exposure during development results in the loss of neurons in brain regions and when exposed to ethanol cultured cells undergo apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
AChE activity was quantified by spectrophotometry and apoptosis by flow cytometer in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ethanol. (cdc.gov)
In conclusion, AChE activity and apoptosis were induced in SH-SY5Y cells and mice treated with ethanol, which may indicate that increased AChE may related to apoptosis induced by ethanol. (cdc.gov)
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). (kegg.jp)
However, no differences were observed either in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated d-uracil triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling-positive cells or viable neurons in the cornu ammonis 1 sector or in the neurologic deficit score when comparing surviving transgenic and nontransgenic rats. (asahq.org)
In adulthood, apoptosis allows get rid of all cells that are no longer useful or that have suffered some irreversible damage, this being an important quality to avoid degenerative diseases and cancer. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
The study has identified a gene that is essential to age-related hearing loss, a condition marked by deaths of sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the inner ear. (sciencedaily.com)
Free radicals trigger a process called apoptosis, or programmed cell death, by which damaged cells "commit suicide. (sciencedaily.com)
Apoptosis is often beneficial, as it eliminates cells that may be destined for cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
In mice, Prolla and the study's first author, Shinichi Someya, a postdoctoral researcher at UW-Madison, found that the suicide program was operating in hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, and that the suicide program relied on activity in a suicide gene called bak. (sciencedaily.com)
Mice without bak still accumulated oxidative damage, but did not undergo programmed cell death, did not lose hair cells or these neurons, and their hearing was fine. (sciencedaily.com)
MSCs have the capacity for immunoregulation, the potential to migrate to the injury site, and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types such as adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and neuron-like cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The basis of many of these genetic techniques relies on the fact that specific cell types (i.e., neurons, muscle cells, skin cells, etc.) express specific genes or markers. (catalyst-magazine.org)
Immunopathologic examination during infection showed cleavage of caspase 3 in brain cells adjacent to CD8+ cells and widespread p53 expression, hallmarks of apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
Damage may be mediated by excessive release of neurotransmitters from damaged cells, an inflammatory immune response with release of cytokines, accumulation of free radicals, and apoptosis. (msdmanuals.com)

For insects like butterflies and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) which experience different life cycles with the larval-to-adult transition, their nervous systems undergo the drastic modification during metamorphosis. (sinica.edu.tw)
Take the Drosophila nervous system as an example: neurons would undergo apoptosis (or known as programmed cell death) to disappear or remodeling to transform into adult-specific ones (the process reminiscent of the rebirth of the legendary Phoenix). (sinica.edu.tw)

Given the role of caspases in apoptosis, caspase inhibitors may provide neuronal protection after cardiac arrest. (asahq.org)
These findings suggest that neuronal apoptosis after cardiac arrest is not primarily initiated by activation of caspases. (asahq.org)

Upon recognition of targets, microglia undergo extensive cytoskeletal rearrangement that allows the engulfment of particles. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, an aberrant response of microglia to Aβ deposits and degenerating neurons can lead to inflammatory states that further contribute to neuronal damage [ 3 ] Thus, finding ways to preferentially enhance microglial phagocytosis of toxic deposits such as Aβ without degradation of healthy synapses or exaggerated inflammatory responses could be an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy in NDDs, such as AD (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Attributed to the failure of neurons to clear dysfunctional mitochondria , loss of gene expression leads to loss of nigrostriatal neurons. (sdbonline.org)

Increasing the traceability and quantification of these stochastic changes will aid researchers to gain mechanistic insights into the underlying biology of these age-dependent morphologic changes in aging neurons. (eneuro.org)

For these studies we use neurons that are maintained in cell culture as well as genetically-modified strains of mice that are at increased risk for developing neurodegenerative conditions analogous to those observed in humans. (uml.edu)

Bocaspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (BAF), a cell-permeable inhibitor of the ICE family of cysteine proteases, inhibited ICE and CPP32 (IC50 approximately 4 microM) in vitro and blocked Fas-mediated apoptosis in thymocytes (EC50 approximately 10 microM). (rupress.org)

The large majority of postmitotic neurons undergo apoptosis, or cell death. (wikipedia.org)
In medicine, cell apoptosis is defined as the process where the death of a cell occurs. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
Sympathetic neurons undergo programmed cell death (PCD) when deprived of NGF. (rupress.org)
At similar concentrations, BAF also blocked the NGF deprivation-induced death of rat sympathetic neurons in culture. (rupress.org)
Therefore, in this review, we avoid a lengthy repetition of the description of autophagy and cell death processes and focus on the death-promoting roles of autophagy and the intertwined connection between autophagy and apoptosis. (nature.com)

The selective neuronal dysfunction and subsequent loss of neurons in the striatum, cerebral cortex, and other parts of the brain can explain the clinical picture seen in cases of HD. (medscape.com)
The present study investigated the effect of Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), a type of traditional Chinese medicine known as invigorating spleen therapy, on anoikis (a type of apoptosis) in rat brains following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. (bvsalud.org)

In most brain regions, the generation of neurons is complete at birth. (gu.se)
Intriguingly, a BTB-zinc finger transcription factor, Mamo, intuitively restores the identity for γ neurons to transform into morphologically-distinct (from the larval stage) memory neurons in the adult brain. (sinica.edu.tw)

Cellular apoptosis always occurs through physiological conditions , which force the cell to decide if it should survive or die. (cassiopaea-cult.com)

The application of neuroprotectants rescuing the neurons from cytoskeletal damage and apoptosis can be a potential treatment for these CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)

The aims of the present study were to determine whether induction of AChE activity is associated with ethanol-induced apoptosis and to explore the mechanism of enhanced AChE activity induced by ethanol. (cdc.gov)

Genetic and metabolic status of NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons saved by an inhibitor of ICE family proteases. (rupress.org)

Background: This study aimed to analyse the incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after malignant tumour resection and cervical lymphatic dissection in older adults undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery. (researchsquare.com)

In these individuals, the microdeletion is often detected when they undergo genetic testing because they have an affected relative. (medlineplus.gov)

During the remodeling process, axons of gamma (γ) neurons (located in the learning and memory center) are trimmed out first (axon pruning) and followed by the regrowth to become the characteristic adult morphology. (sinica.edu.tw)

The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. (kegg.jp)

The etiology of age-dependent morphologic changes in neurons remains elusive. (eneuro.org)

Natural product anticancer agents enhance intracellular levels of ceramide, a sphingolipid that promotes cell apoptosis. (sphingolipidclub.com)

One of the most surprising findings was that these two -- alpha lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 -- were very specific in their protection against apoptosis and hearing loss," says Prolla. (sciencedaily.com)

Age-related declines are generally associated with vulnerability of the cholinergic neurons. (vin.com)

Consequently, local intracortical neurons and patchy connections emerge in "ultra-small" world configurations, forming clearly defined macrocolumns and patch connections in hexagonal array, where patch connections have relatively long axons, and less defined structures elsewhere in the cortex. (paulbourke.net)

Anatomy69

Organisms11

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Differentiation6

Oxidative stress6

Cortical5

Sensory Neurons3

Degeneration5

Generate new neurons2

Process of apoptosis2

Immature neurons1

Precursors3

Excitatory4

Proliferation1

Synaptic3

Early stages1

Glial cells1

Hippocampal circuitry2

Proliferate1

Survival5

Hippocampus1

Apoptotic3

Cytoskeleton2

Generates2

Progenitor1

Inhibition3

Dorsal2

Photoreceptor1

Basal1

Decreases2

Embryonic3

Subsequently1

Vivo1

Cells17

Drosophila2

Caspases2

Microglia2

Mitochondria1

Quantification1

Neurodegenerative1

Vitro1

Death5

Cerebral2

Brain2

Occurs1

Diseases1

Induction1

Proteases1

Dysfunction1

Genetic1

Adult1

Onset1

Etiology1

Intracellular1

Loss1

Vulnerability1

Axons1