• Adult projection neuron with its soma in the anterior subesophageal zone (Sterne et al. (virtualflybrain.org)
  • Adults may be unable to grow new neurons in the brain - contrary to previous findings . (newscientist.com)
  • The irradiated mice, now unable to grow new neurons, were then placed in stimulating cages for six weeks and tested for improved memory and decreased anxiety. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) regenerate their spinal cord axon if the peripheral nerve axon has previously been cut. (nih.gov)
  • We found that electrical activity strongly inhibited axon outgrowth in cultured adult sensory neurons. (nih.gov)
  • Sensory neurons respond to stimuli such as touch, sound, or light that affect the cells of the sensory organs, and they send signals to the spinal cord or brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vertebrates, the majority of neurons belong to the central nervous system, but some reside in peripheral ganglia, and many sensory neurons are situated in sensory organs such as the retina and cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neuroendocrine regulation of diverse behaviors of Caenorhabditis elegans is under the control of the DAF-7/TGF-β ligand that is secreted from sensory neurons. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we show that C. elegans males exhibit an altered, male-specific expression pattern of daf-7 in the ASJ sensory neuron pair with the onset of reproductive maturity, which functions to promote male-specific mate-searching behavior. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our results suggest that regulation of gene expression in sensory neurons can function in the integration of a wide array of sensory information and facilitate decision-making behaviors in C. elegans . (elifesciences.org)
  • The signal in question is molecule called DAF-7, which is released by several sensory neurons-nerve cells that are used for detecting cues from the environment. (elifesciences.org)
  • The sensory neurons that release DAF-7 are found in both sexes of C. elegans but the specific way that the male worms express this signal encourages them to search for mates. (elifesciences.org)
  • These inputs all converge onto a single pair of sensory neurons, which integrate the inputs and enable the worm to assess its current and past experiences and alter its behavior accordingly. (elifesciences.org)
  • Moving forward the next challenge is to understand how information about both external environment and internal states, such as hunger, are communicated to and integrated by these sensory neurons. (elifesciences.org)
  • It has been hypothesized that decision making in animals is controlled primarily at the level of command interneurons or decision centers in the central nervous system, which receive input from an array of sensory neurons and integrate the information conveyed to inform behavioral decisions ( Kristan, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • We propose that, during salient sensory stimulation, L-ITCcs disinhibit local and distant principal neurons, acting as "hub cells," to orchestrate the activity of a distributed network. (jneurosci.org)
  • To examine this memory-weakening effect in isolated neurons, the researchers gave another group of slug the shock, then removed the two-neuron 'circuit'---one sensory neuron and one motor neuron---responsible for the tail-retracting reaction to touch. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Ascending neurons provide sensory and motor feedback to the brain, whereas descending neurons carry sensory and motor-related information from the brain to central pattern generators in the posterior ganglia. (springer.com)
  • Descending neurons can thus initiate and modify behavior based on sensory input, and other higher order processing that takes place in the brain. (springer.com)
  • Indeed, orchestrating complex behavior using only 1100 descending neurons (Hsu and Bhandawat 2016 ), requires efficient integration of sensory input and motor output, as well as higher-order processing, such as learning. (springer.com)
  • In mice, the olfactory bulb is a highly plastic sensory area and has a remarkable capacity to maintain plasticity into adulthood via continuous integration of adult-born neurons. (bcm.edu)
  • Our results indicate that context-dependent recruitment of alternative intracellular signaling pathways within a single sensory neuron type conveys opposite hedonic valences, thereby providing a robust mechanism for odorant encoding and discrimination at the periphery. (plos.org)
  • Although mechanisms operating at the level of single sensory neuron types or sensilla in the periphery have also been implicated in this process [ 14 - 21 ], the contributions of sensory neurons to mediating odorant discrimination and olfactory behavioral plasticity are not fully understood. (plos.org)
  • Caenorhabditis elegans senses and navigates its complex chemical environment using a small subset of sensory neurons [ 22 - 24 ]. (plos.org)
  • The valence of individual chemicals is largely determined by the responding sensory neuron type, such that distinct subsets of chemosensory neurons drive either attraction or avoidance to different chemicals [ 25 , 26 ]. (plos.org)
  • Katherine Tschida et al, A Specialized Neural Circuit Gates Social Vocalizations in the Mouse, Neuron (2019). (medicalxpress.com)
  • Most neurogenesis takes place during embryonic development, and by the time people are born, the majority of their neurons has already formed. (sciencealert.com)
  • But in a new study led by molecular biologist Maria Llorens-Martin from Spain's Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, the researchers studied brain tissue from deceased human patients to examine adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in closer detail. (sciencealert.com)
  • Our research group is focused on investigating the mechanisms that control adult hippocampal neurogenesis, both under physiological and pathological conditions," the team's lab website explains . (sciencealert.com)
  • In particular, we are interested in determining the therapeutic potential of increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. (sciencealert.com)
  • That final gesture reveals something important about adult neurogenesis: it extends until the ninth decade of life, the researchers say, and is shown by thousands of cells called doublecortin-expressing (DCX+) neurons in the DG, which correspond with neurogenesis. (sciencealert.com)
  • In contrast, in neurologically healthy people, it looks like age brings a more moderate decline in adult neurogenesis, with the DG tissue of the 13 healthy patients showing a slighter decrease in DCX+ cells as their age ranged from 43 to 87. (sciencealert.com)
  • The researchers also say the adult neurogenesis in AD patients looked to be negatively affected even in the early stages of the disease, before neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques became pronounced. (sciencealert.com)
  • To better understand the functional contribution of adult neurogenesis to pattern separation processes, we used a novel synapse specific trans-neuronal tracing approach to identify the (sub) cortical inputs to new dentate granule cells (GCs). (grantome.com)
  • The question of whether adults can form new neurons, called neurogenesis, has long been a source of controversy. (newscientist.com)
  • While researchers have discovered adult neurogenesis in mice and macaques , any evidence of this ability in humans is less clear. (newscientist.com)
  • The hippocampus, which has been linked with adult neurogenesis, is vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. (newscientist.com)
  • Characterization of synaptic outputs from new neurons is essential to assess the functional impact of adult neurogenesis on mature circuits. (pasteur.fr)
  • NG− mice without neurogenesis for 5 months show significant reductions in hippocampal acetylcholine release and rewiring of cholinergic septohippocampal inputs with septal neurons that normally project to the ventral hilus innervating the dorsal hilus and increased local arborization of MS-NDB cholinergic neurons within the ventral hilus. (beingmedicos.com)
  • A quarter-century ago, researchers discovered that adults, not just developing infants, can generate new brain cells, a process called neurogenesis. (beingmedicos.com)
  • In a new mouse study, Columbia University researchers found that neurogenesis in adults is critical for maintaining brain circuits that support working memory across the lifespan and chronic loss of adult neurogenesis causes progressive memory loss , like that seen in age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease in humans. (beingmedicos.com)
  • Considering that the brain contains about 100 billion neurons, it's reasonable to question whether this level of neurogenesis could have any impact on brain function," says Dranovsky. (beingmedicos.com)
  • To test whether adult neurogenesis is vital to brain health over the long term, Dranovsky's team stopped the process in adult mice by irradiating the birthplace of new neurons or with genetic engineering. (beingmedicos.com)
  • It was as if existing neurons were trying, but failing, to compensate for the loss of neurogenesis and what started out as a subtle defect in acetylcholine," Dranovsky says, "and they just needed a little nudge. (beingmedicos.com)
  • Neurogenesis occurs continuously in the forebrain of adult mammals, but the functional importance of adult neurogenesis is still unclear. (nih.gov)
  • Here, using a genetic labeling method in adult mice, we found that continuous neurogenesis results in the replacement of the majority of granule neurons in the olfactory bulb and a substantial addition of granule neurons to the hippocampal dentate gyrus. (nih.gov)
  • Mice raised in the fun cages also 'had a big boost in neurogenesis' as adults, according to Columbia neuroscientist Michael Drew, which suggested that neurogenesis may be 'the way the brain adapts to increased complexity in its environment. (discovermagazine.com)
  • We show that silk organoids reproduce key molecular aspects of dopamine neurogenesis and reduce inter-organoid variability in terms of cell type composition and dopamine neuron formation. (lu.se)
  • Using chronic two-photon Ca 2+ imaging of thalamic afferents in layer 1 of binocular visual cortex, we provide evidence against this tenet: the respective dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) cells showed pronounced ocular dominance (OD) shifts after monocular deprivation in adult mice. (nature.com)
  • Our data suggest that OD shifts observed in the binocular visual cortex of adult mice may at least partially reflect plasticity of eye-specific inputs onto dLGN neurons. (nature.com)
  • On the other hand, silencing the activity of the PAG neurons rendered courting male mice incapable of singing, even while they persisted in all of their other courtship behaviors. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Activating prepubertal GnRH neuron activity had no effect on adult firing rate and did not rescue adult reproductive phenotypes in mice exposed to androgens before birth. (sfn.org)
  • In female mice, PNA treatment reduces prepubertal but elevates adult GnRH neuron activity. (sfn.org)
  • In both control and PNA mice in which prepubertal GnRH neuron activity was increased via the 3Dq DREADD, no significant changes in cyclicity or adult GnRH neuron firing rate were observed. (sfn.org)
  • The Zika virus might not just harm the brain of the developing foetus - it could also affect parts of the adult brain, a new study in mice suggests. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Genetic ablation of newly formed neurons in adult mice led to a gradual decrease in the number of granule cells in the olfactory bulb, inhibition of increases in the granule cell number in the dentate gyrus and impairment of behaviors in contextual and spatial memory, which are known to depend on hippocampus. (nih.gov)
  • Tet3 ablation in adult brain neurons increases anxiety-like behavior and regulates cognitive function in mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • In adult mice , we observed that TET3 is present in mature neurons and oligodendrocytes but is absent in astrocytes . (bvsalud.org)
  • To investigate the function of TET3 in adult postmitotic neurons , we crossed Tet3 floxed mice with a neuronal Cre-expressing mouse line, Camk2a-CreERT2, obtaining a Tet3 conditional KO (cKO) mouse line. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite the fact that the mice couldn't grow new neurons, they still fared better on learning tasks than non-irradiated mice raised in cages fit for a prisoner. (discovermagazine.com)
  • A) Sex differences in density of -gal+ (PR+) cells in adult PRPL/PL mice. (cdc.gov)
  • C-E) Co-labeling VMHvl neurons for PR (anti--gal) and Cckar (mRNA) in PRPL/PL mice. (cdc.gov)
  • F) The vast majority of -gal+ (PR+) cells in various regions in PRPL mice are neurons, as evidenced by co-labeling with NeuroTrace (fluorescent Nissl) in the arcuate and NeuN for the remaining regions. (cdc.gov)
  • E, F) Cre expression mirrors that of PR in the VMHvl of adult PRCre/+ mice in adjacent sections. (cdc.gov)
  • VMHvl neurons in PRCre/+ and PRCre/PL male and female mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Green fluorescent proteins mark the location of neurons in the mouse's mid-brain that are integral to vocalizations for wooing. (medicalxpress.com)
  • With the addition of four proteins, adult human skin cells can be transformed into neurons over a month-long period. (stanforddaily.com)
  • The researchers showed they could convert human embryonic stem cells to neurons by infecting them with a virus that expressed the same proteins used in the study. (stanforddaily.com)
  • This treatment, nicknamed "BAM" after an acronym of the three proteins, converted the embryonic stem cells into functional neurons within six days. (stanforddaily.com)
  • Since these results suggest new neurons aren't part of the story, Drew says there may be different mechanisms behind enrichment learning, such as a boost in brain proteins that promote connections between existing neurons. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Separately, the incubation of cardiac myocytes isolated from naïve adult rat hearts in vitro with UFTiO2 did not alter the phosphorylation status of the same cardiac proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • To find out whether new neurons continue to develop in older people, the researchers studied a region of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus (DG) in tissue samples obtained from 13 deceased people. (sciencealert.com)
  • The fluorescent biomarker (in green) revealed that the adult mouse brain could be infected by Zika in a region called the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury in neonatal animals leads to selective regional loss of neurons including CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus as well as nonlethal pathologies. (unm.edu)
  • Researchers estimate that the brain's hippocampus-which plays a key role in memory, learning, and emotion-makes about a thousand new neurons each day throughout adulthood. (beingmedicos.com)
  • Directly Converted Human Fibroblasts Mature to Neurons and Show Long-Term Survival in Adult Rodent Hippocampus. (lu.se)
  • 2010) Deletion of the WD40 domain of LRRK2 in Zebrafish causes Parkinsonism-like loss of neurons and locomotive defect. (scirp.org)
  • Neurons communicate with other cells via synapses - specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adult-born neurons continuously incorporate into the olfactory bulb where they rapidly establish contacts with a variety of synaptic inputs. (pasteur.fr)
  • We found that light-induced synaptic GABA release from adult-born neurons leads to profound modifications of postsynaptic target firing patterns. (pasteur.fr)
  • Importantly, however, the responses of descending neurons are not always directly deducible from the responses of their presumed pre-synaptic counterparts (Wu et al. (springer.com)
  • The most exciting aspect of this study is that our findings suggest that oxytocin drives development and synaptic integration of new neurons within the adult brain, directly contributing to adaptability and circuit plasticity," said first author Brandon T. Pekarek , a graduate student - research assistant in the Arenkiel lab. (bcm.edu)
  • Remarkably, these effects are not associated with changes in the expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic components, but with a reduction of parvalbumin (PV) neuron density and PV mRNA levels. (biorxiv.org)
  • This study suggests that specific transcription factors and treatment with morphogens can restrict human adult olfactory-derived progenitors to a dopaminergic neuronal lineage. (scirp.org)
  • Astrocytes in the adult mouse brain can be reprogrammed into neuronal precursors, then neurons, in vivo. (the-scientist.com)
  • REBIRTH: Astrocytes (green) in the mouse brain can be reprogrammed into neuronal precursors (red), which can then develop into neurons (nuclei in blue). (the-scientist.com)
  • Zhang's group found that injection of a single transcription factor-SOX2-is necessary and sufficient to convert nonneuronal cells to neuronal precursors called neuroblasts, which can then become functional neurons. (the-scientist.com)
  • Expression of FOS-IR in MNCs with attenuated ER-β-IR, and the absence of FOS-IR in parvocellular neurons that retain ER-β-IR suggest a role for neuronal activation in the regulation of ER-β expression in MNCs. (jneurosci.org)
  • Do changes in prepubertal GnRH neuron activity help establish the adult GnRH neuronal network and adult reproductive function? (sfn.org)
  • Given that PNA alters prepubertal GnRH neuron activity and similar early-life activity helps organize other neuronal networks and physiologic output, we sought to examine the role of prepubertal GnRH neuron activity in adult reproductive function and to determine if reversing PNA-induced prepubertal decreases in neuronal activity were sufficient to ameliorate adult reproductive dysfunction. (sfn.org)
  • To determine if altering prepubertal GnRH neuron activity influences adult neuronal activity and/or reproductive cycles on its own without PNA treatment, we expressed the excitatory (3Dq) or inhibitory (4Di) designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) specifically in GnRH neurons. (sfn.org)
  • Control experiments demonstrated that DREADDs were correctly targeted to GnRH neurons and that the expected changes in neuronal output (assayed via firing rate) and modulation of the reproductive axis (assayed via LH output) were achieved. (sfn.org)
  • Initially,septal-hippocampal cells provide input to new neurons, including transient innervation from mature GCs as well as direct feedback from area CA3 pyramidal neurons. (grantome.com)
  • Pyramidal neurons in the premotor cortex usually are preserved. (medscape.com)
  • GABAergic protection of hippocampal pyramidal neurons against glutamate insult: deficit in young animals compared to adults. (unm.edu)
  • We examined glutamate-evoked Ca2+ responses in neonatal (PN 7-13) and young adult (PN 21-27) CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute slices from rats. (unm.edu)
  • Lindvall, allowed for the first time the visualisation of the dopamine neuron system in its entirety, and allowed us to map anatomically the previously unknown dopamine projections to cortical and limbic areas. (lu.se)
  • Molecular genetic analysis of the switch-like regulation of daf-7 expression in the ASJ neuron pair reveals a hierarchy of regulation among multiple inputs-sex, age, nutritional status, and microbial environment-which function in the modulation of behavior. (elifesciences.org)
  • Both experiments firmly establish that this "stable and distinct population of neurons" is the key conduit between behavior and vocal communication, Tschida said. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In addition, they provide an understanding of the neurophysiology of visual neurons that are likely to affect behavior. (springer.com)
  • A short while later I read an article in Time magazine that said mirror neurons might form the basis for empathy, social behavior, and even language. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • Ablation of Tet3 in adult mature neurons resulted in increased anxiety -like behavior with concomitant hypercorticalism, and impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial orientation . (bvsalud.org)
  • Our data bring to light the existence of a dynamic population of immature neurons in the human DG throughout physiological and pathological ageing until the tenth decade of life," the researchers conclude . (sciencealert.com)
  • Thus far, the researchers knew that Wnt1, Frizzled-2, and PGRN were all involved together in lab-grown neurons. (alzforum.org)
  • Researchers at Duke University have isolated a cluster of neurons in a mouse's brain that are crucial to making the squeaky, ultrasonic 'songs' a male mouse produces when courting a potential mate. (medicalxpress.com)
  • By turning the neurons on selectively with a light-based method called optogenetics, the researchers found they could make a mouse immediately begin singing, even though it was alone. (medicalxpress.com)
  • To better understand brain plasticity, a team of researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital used mouse models to investigate how brain cells build connections with new neurons born in adult brains. (bcm.edu)
  • The researchers discovered that the levels of oxytocin increase in the olfactory bulb, peaking at the time the new neurons incorporate themselves into neural networks. (bcm.edu)
  • Now, a new study by researchers at Rockefeller University and La Jolla Institute in San Diego suggests the virus might also put adult brains at serious risk. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • In an equally wonderful truthful account, the neurons in this region did, in fact, fire when the monkeys merely watched researchers handle food. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • to my surprise, many researchers discussed, without prompting, the role mirror neurons play in explaining why viewers connect so strongly with on-screen emotions. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • To many researchers, these and similar findings suggest that mirror neurons play a large role in empathy. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • demonstrate through studies on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons that miR-33a is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SPG4-related hereditary spastic paraplegia. (portlandpress.com)
  • Experience-dependent adult cortical plasticity requires cognitive association between sensation and reward. (bvsalud.org)
  • From this the team identified five known brain cell types after three weeks in culture: oligodendrocytes, microglia, neurons, endothelial cells, and astrocytes. (pennmedicine.org)
  • New research presented at the annual Society for Neuroscience meeting, held 13-17 November 2010 in San Diego, California, suggests that the deficiency stems from a vicious feedback loop that keeps progranulin expression in neurons low, even as neighboring microglia produce plenty of the protein. (alzforum.org)
  • If the microglia can make it from the gene that is still good, why can't the neurons? (alzforum.org)
  • Using the immediate early gene Zif268, we analyzed the activation of dentate granule neurons born in adult (3‐month‐old), middle‐aged (12‐month‐old), or senescent (18‐month‐old) rats (n = 96) in response to learning when animals reached 21 months of age. (drperlmutter.com)
  • We found that hypomyelination reduces inhibitory connections to L2/3 neurons without affecting excitatory inputs, thus altering excitatory/inhibitory balance. (biorxiv.org)
  • Moreover, it has recently been appreciated that myelin is also present on inhibitory neurons 14 but the role of myelin for inhibitory circuits in unknown. (biorxiv.org)
  • New neurons are added throughout life to the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), a brain area considered important for differential storage of similar experiences and contexts. (grantome.com)
  • We made whole-cell recordings from RA and HVC neurons in acute brain slices. (washington.edu)
  • We verified correct expression and confirmed CNO mediated activation and inhibition of GnRH neurons via electrophysiological recordings of GnRH neurons in brain slices and serial sampling of LH release in vivo . (sfn.org)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of the polyamine component N, N, N´, N´-tetrakis(2-aminoethyl)2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (tdmtn) on apoptotic motor neurons in adult mouse spinal cord slices. (celljournal.org)
  • Thoracic region of adult mouse spinal cords was sliced by a tissue chopper into 400 μm slices and cultured in medium in the presence or absence of tdmtn for 6 hours. (celljournal.org)
  • We describe how the neurons can be identified based on their receptive field properties, and how they respond to moving targets, looming stimuli and to widefield optic flow. (springer.com)
  • Our results highlight the importance of using several visual stimuli as the neurons can rarely be identified based on only one response characteristic. (springer.com)
  • More stimuli were required to initiate secondary responses in neurons from adult versus neonates. (unm.edu)
  • The long-term effects of Zika on adult brains are still unknown, and the team says more research is needed to ascertain whether the mouse model echoes the virus' effect on humans. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Using single cell RNA sequencing, we identify the presence of three molecularly distinct subtypes of human dopamine neurons with high similarity to those in developing and adult human midbrain. (lu.se)
  • Genetic ablation of Ca(v)1.2 in the nervous system caused an increase in axon outgrowth from dissociated DRG neurons and enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • Within a nervous system, a neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the descending neurons, which connect the optic lobes with the motor command centers of the ventral nerve cord, remain less studied. (springer.com)
  • We discuss their similarities with previously published visual neurons, in the optic lobes and ventral nerve cord, and suggest that they can be classified as target-selective, looming sensitive and optic flow sensitive, based on these similarities. (springer.com)
  • In flies, three paired thoracic ganglia are fused with the abdominal ganglion to form the ventral nerve cord (Power 1948 ), which is connected to the anterior brain via the cervical connective containing both ascending and descending neurons. (springer.com)
  • They visualized how nicotine has a direct impact on the restoration of normal activity in nerve cells (neurons) involved in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. (pasteur.fr)
  • Motor neuron diseases are characterized by progressive deterioration of the nerve cells that initiate muscle movement. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Muscle movement is initiated by nerve cells (neurons) that are located in the spinal cord and in the front part of the brain (called the motor cortex). (msdmanuals.com)
  • In motor neuron diseases, these nerve cells progressively wither away and the peripheral nerves that connect them to the muscle deteriorate. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We mapped and quantified the intracortical inputs to L2/3 neurons using laser-scanning photostimulation combined with patch clamp recordings. (biorxiv.org)
  • These findings suggest that neurodegenerative secondary Ca2+ events may be important determinants of susceptibility to HI injury in the developing CNS and that immature CA1 neurons may be more susceptible to excitotoxic injury due at least in part to insufficient development of GABAergic inputs to their dendrites. (unm.edu)
  • The study, "Adult-born neurons maintain hippocampal cholinergic inputs and support working memory during aging," was published in July in the journal Molecular Psychiatry . (beingmedicos.com)
  • Greer S. Kirshenbaum et al, Adult-born neurons maintain hippocampal cholinergic inputs and support working memory during aging, Molecular Psychiatry (2023). (beingmedicos.com)
  • Fig. 1: Long-term imaging and functional characterization of thalamic projections to layer 1 of adult mouse V1. (nature.com)
  • The proposed functional relevance of new neurons, can now be examined within the context of their unique neural circuitry. (grantome.com)
  • it triggered the skin cells' transformation into functional neurons within about four to five weeks. (stanforddaily.com)
  • While they found that approximately 20 percent of mouse skin cells transform directly into functional neurons, under current culture conditions only about two to four percent of human skin cells do the same. (stanforddaily.com)
  • Whether the maintenance of the functionality of neurons generated throughout adult life is linked to resilience to cognitive aging remains completely unexplored. (drperlmutter.com)
  • In conclusion, we propose that resilience to cognitive aging is associated with responsiveness of neurons born during adult life. (drperlmutter.com)
  • Interruptions to the neuron development process in adult stem cells have been linked to Alzheimer's disease and cognitive deficits similar to the symptoms of depression. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Losmapimod effectively improved memory, reduced the frequency of seizures, protected the neuron from damage, and limited the apoptosis of neurons in epilepsy rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • After 6 hours in culture, motor neurons displayed morphological sings of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, as well as nuclear and chromatin condensation. (celljournal.org)
  • Tdmtn, as a polyamine component, could probably prevent the occurrence of motor neuron apoptosis through calcium chelation. (celljournal.org)
  • ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig disease, is the most common neurodegenerative disease of adult onset involving the motor neuron system. (medscape.com)
  • 2014 ). Consequently, abnormalities in this pathway are disastrous, inducing various carcinomas such as colorectal cancer as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron diseases (Corcoran et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • Motor neurone disease (MND) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects the brain and spinal cord. (nih.gov)
  • PHILADELPHIA - Studying brain disorders in people and developing drugs to treat them has been slowed by the inability to investigate single living cells from adult patients. (pennmedicine.org)
  • Using clonogenic sphere formation assays, we showed that this sorted population was enriched in multipotent precursor cells that could differentiate into both neurons and glia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, this study provides new insights into how new neurons integrate into the adult neural network and may influence the sense of smell. (pasteur.fr)
  • Using viral labeling, confocal microscopy and cell-type specific RNA sequencing, the team discovered that oxytocin triggers a signaling pathway - a series of molecular events inside cells - that promotes the maturation of synapses, that is, the connections of newly integrated adult-born neurons. (bcm.edu)
  • For example, cuprizone-induced demyelination promotes hyper- and depolarizing shifts of the resting membrane potential of auditory thalamocortical pathway neurons and reduction in action potential firing of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons 7 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Such responses are likely independent of systemic inflammation, but may involve a lung-neuron-regulated pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • Various GABAergic neuron types of the amygdala cooperate to control principal cell firing during fear-related and other behaviors, and understanding their specialized roles is important. (jneurosci.org)
  • Among GABAergic neurons, the so-called intercalated cells (ITCcs) are critically involved in the expression and extinction of fear memory. (jneurosci.org)
  • The highest density of GABAergic neurons is present in the so-called intercalated cell (ITCc) masses, which surround the deep amygdaloid nuclei ( Millhouse, 1986 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Adult antennal lobe local neuron that belongs to the dorsal (Notch OFF) hemilineage of the lateral antennal lobe neuroblast (ALl1) (Lin et al. (virtualflybrain.org)
  • We show that adult‐born neurons can survive up to 19 months and that neurons generated 4, 10, or 19 months before learning, but not developmentally born neurons, are activated in senescent rats with good learning abilities. (drperlmutter.com)
  • The relative abundance of DCX+ immature neurons detected, together with expression of cell markers characteristic of both early and late stages of maturation, suggests that these cells also have an extended maturation period during AHN in humans. (sciencealert.com)
  • These data strongly support the notion that AD is a condition that differs from physiological ageing and suggest that, despite a physiological age-related decline in the population of DCX+ cells, independent neuropathological mechanisms contribute to devastating the population of immature neurons in AD. (sciencealert.com)
  • Adult polyglucosan body disease: case description of an expanding genetic and clinical syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our findings also suggest that oxytocin could promote the growth of new neurons to repair damaged tissue. (bcm.edu)
  • Based on our findings, getting infected with Zika as an adult may not be as innocuous as people think," says Joseph Gleeson, a neurologist at Rockefeller University in New York and an author of the paper. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • The findings, reported yesterday in Nature, suggest a process that doesn't require the reprogrammed adult somatic cells called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (stanforddaily.com)
  • Overall, our findings highlight the importance of TEs as regulatory agents and their dynamic activity during development, adult life, and disease in the human brain. (lu.se)
  • The reason for fewer adult nuclei here than in Figure 1B is because some adult nuclei were labeled with lam-GFP, but those nuclei were not included in analyses here (see Figure 6-figure supplement 1F ). (elifesciences.org)
  • In a non-pathological state, the activity of the prefrontal cortex is modulated by neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) via the nicotinic receptors found at the surface of neurons. (pasteur.fr)
  • In neonates, transient exposure to glutamate produced large Ca2+ increases throughout neurons, including distal dendrites (primary Ca2+ responses). (unm.edu)