• We used an oculomotor deferred saccade task, in which the sensory cue was continuously present throughout the delay interval, rather than merely being transiently flashed prior to the delay interval. (nyu.edu)
  • Here, we tracked FEF spatial codes through time using a novel analytic method applied to the classic memory-delay saccade task. (eneuro.org)
  • Here, we show that frontal eye field delay activity (particularly in visuomovement neurons) shows a progressive transition through intermediate target-gaze codes, with a further jump to coding the intended gaze position in movement neurons with no delay response. (eneuro.org)
  • A ) Fraction of convergent saccades associated with leftwards, rightwards, symmetrical or no tail movement. (elifesciences.org)
  • B ) Mean time from convergent saccade to tail movement, per fish. (elifesciences.org)
  • To con- fuse matters further, animals could be trained not to make a saccade when an object appeared in the visual field, showing that the activation of visual neurons is sometimes insufficient to command saccades. (banglaforexacademy.com)
  • This paradigm eliminated the memory component (i.e., the need to remember the location of the saccade target) and placed the emphasis squarely upon oculomotor planning. (nyu.edu)
  • The frontal eye fields (FEFs) participate in both working memory and sensorimotor transformations for saccades, but their role in integrating these functions through time remains unclear. (eneuro.org)
  • Asterisk indicates time of convergent saccade. (elifesciences.org)
  • E ) Distribution of spot locations at time of convergent saccade. (elifesciences.org)
  • J ) Stimulus-aligned activity during non-response (top) and response (bottom) trials for neurons in selected clusters (indicated top). (elifesciences.org)
  • 8 In particular, FEF is involved in saccades generation, which are internally triggered toward a target already present (visually guided saccade), not yet present (predictive saccade), and no longer visible (memory-guided saccade) or located in the opposite direction (antisaccade). (nature.com)
  • While the monkey fixated a central bright spot on a dark background, we presented a second spot of light and the monkey was rewarded for making a visually guided saccade to that spot once the fixation spot disappeared. (lysylhydroxylase-signal.com)
  • However, neural population dynamics are poorly related to the conventional analytical framework of single-neuron activity, the rate-coding regime that analyzes firing rate modulations using task parameters. (bvsalud.org)
  • Imagine a single-neuron recording that could be carried out with animals switching between many different tasks. (biorxiv.org)
  • on the other hand, human imaging studies lack the spatial resolution to address questions at the single neuron level. (biorxiv.org)
  • Furthermore, local inactivation of the recording sites with muscimol moderately increased the proportion of error trials, while successful anti-saccades were more variable and often had shorter latency during inactivation. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Green points selleckchem are saccade endpoints to the same visual target during SC inactivation. (lysylhydroxylase-signal.com)
  • Here we report a clear distinction among the roles of the orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum and midbrain dopamine neurons in processing counterfactual outcomes in monkeys. (bvsalud.org)
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we recorded from single neurons in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum in monkeys performing anti-saccade/pro-saccade tasks. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • In two monkeys (OZ and OM), we presented the laser light while the monkey made visually guided saccades. (lysylhydroxylase-signal.com)
  • Thus, our results show that neuronal activity in the cerebellar dentate nucleus causally regulates anti-saccade performance. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Neuronal signals from the lateral cerebellum to the frontal cortex might modulate the proactive control signals in the corticobasal ganglia circuitry that inhibit early reactive responses and possibly optimize the speed and accuracy of anti-saccades. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • In support of this, previous functional imaging studies and recent analyses in subjects with cerebellar lesions have indicated a role for the lateral cerebellum in volitional eye movements such as anti-saccades. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Signals related to eye movements are present in much of the primate brain, yet most neurophysiological studies of the transition from vision to eye movements have measured the activity of one neuron at a time. (nih.gov)
  • Less is known about how the coordinated action of populations of neurons contribute to the initiation of eye movements. (nih.gov)
  • We observed a topography of saccade direction and amplitude consistent with findings in macaques and humans: small saccades in ventrolateral FEF and large saccades combined with contralateral neck and shoulder movements encoded in dorsomedial FEF. (jneurosci.org)
  • the frontal eye field (FEF) and its role in saccade and pursuit eye movement control, the supplementary eye field (SEF) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). (nature.com)
  • Additionally, we found that these face-responsive neurons also encode the stable values of many objects based on long-term reward experiences. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found that neurons in the posterior part of the dentate nucleus showed higher firing rates during the preparation of anti-saccades compared with pro-saccades. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • AB - Antibodies against hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) were found in 248 Swedish and Danish patients between 1993 and 2007. (nih.gov)
  • Despite some noticeable activity recorded in nonhuman primates, FEF region is believed to be less involved in the triggering of purely reflexive, visually guided saccades, which are externally triggered toward a stimulus appearing at a peripheral location. (nature.com)
  • Electrophysiological experiments using behaving animals reported prefrontal neurons that are either selective for different aspects of a given task 8 , 9 or functionally mixed 10 , 11 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The SEF and the dlPFC are both involved in the decisional processes that is governing ocular motor behavior, such as when and how they inhibit an unwanted reflexive saccade. (nature.com)
  • The motor neuron to the eye muscles (neuron 3). (juniperpublishers.com)
  • Correction to: Eye-tracking-aided characterization of saccades and antisaccades in SYNE1 ataxia patients: a pilot study. (nih.gov)
  • Most patients were symptomatic and tested for anti-HEV due to travel abroad. (nih.gov)