Neurons microtubule associated proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

GVD is characterized by the presence of intracytoplasmic granule-containing vacuoles in most hippocampal neurons. (nih.gov)
Pseudocolored maximal projection overlay of several confocal images of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons fluorescently labeled with antibodies against microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) (green) and against synapsins (yellow). (jneurosci.org)
Cultured hippocampal neurons after 23 days in vitro, immunostained for MAP2, a microtubule associated protein localized to dendrites (red), and PSD95, a scaffolding protein concentrated in the postsyn. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Anti-PrP antibodies targeting epitopes in the C-terminal domain induce currents, and cause degeneration of dendrites on murine hippocampal neurons, effects that entirely dependent on the effector function of the N-terminus. (elifesciences.org)

Microtubule-associated protein 2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the MAP2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Brain extracts are rich in several of these proteins, MAP2 being one of these. (wikipedia.org)
The single MAP2 gene produces four major transcripts producing four proteins, MAP2A, MAP2B, MAP2C and MAP2D. (wikipedia.org)
All forms of MAP2 share a common core sequence which includes MT binding domains, 18 amino acid sequences which are found in other MT associated proteins such as MAP Tau and MAP1B. (wikipedia.org)
MAP2 isoforms are neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins enriched in dendrites and perikarya, implicating a role in determining and stabilizing neuronal morphology during neuron development. (wikipedia.org)
All MAP2 isoforms bind to microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
Both types of induced neurons from both hiPSCs exhibited similar phenotypes of MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2)-positive dendrite shortening and decreasing synapse numbers. (nih.gov)
SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) expression was sparse in cortical microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)-positive and HuC/D-positive neurons and the nestin-positive and Hopx (homeodomain-only protein)-positive radial glial, and Sox2 (sex-determining region Y-box 2)-positive ventricular zone and subventricular zone progenitor cells. (news-medical.net)

Antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins and neurofilaments, both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms, are used to stain GVD, the latter of which can be used to determine the nature of the cytoskeletal abnormalities in GVD formation. (nih.gov)
In my laboratory researchers are examining the roles played by axonal cytoskeletal proteins in nervous system development, and in the etiology of Alzheimer's and other related neurodegenerative diseases. (uml.edu)

The results published by Diane Hanger and her colleagues in EMBO reports show that treatment of neurons with known biological signaling molecules increases the release of tau into the culture medium. (neurosciencenews.com)

Researchers from King's College London have discovered that neuronal activity can stimulate tau release from healthy neurons in the absence of cell death. (neurosciencenews.com)
The new findings indicate that tau release is an active process in healthy neurons and this could be altered in diseased brains. (neurosciencenews.com)
Tau protein is an integral part of microtubules in healthy neurons and support to nutrients, vesicles, mitochondria and chromosomes. (omicsonline.org)

In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on arsenite-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in rat primary cultured cortical neurons. (greenmedinfo.com)
At the same time, melatonin ameliorated the arsenite-induced reduction in growth associated protein 43 (a hallmark protein of neurite outgrowth) and discontinuous neurites of rat primary cultured cortical neurons. (greenmedinfo.com)
Taken together, melatonin may exert its neuroprotective action via inhibiting arsenite-induced autophagy and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and thus restoring α-synuclein levels, neuronal integrity, and mitochondrial mass in rat primary cultured cortical neurons. (greenmedinfo.com)
The release of tau from cortical neurons is therefore a physiological process that can be regulated by neuronal activity. (neurosciencenews.com)
In these experiments, Amy Pooler, the lead author, revealed that molecules such as potassium chloride, glutamate or an AMPA receptor agonist could release tau from cortical neurons in an active physiological process that is, at least partially, dependent on pre-synaptic vesicle secretion. (neurosciencenews.com)

A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)

mechanistically, rotenone-induced destruction of dopaminergic neurons has been attributed to its inhibition of the activity of neuronal mitochondrial complex I. However, the role of microglia, the resident brain immune cells in rotenone-induced neurodegeneration, has not been reported. (jneurosci.org)
The greatly enhanced neurodegenerative ability of rotenone was attributed to the presence of glia, especially microglia, because the addition of microglia to neuron-enriched cultures markedly increased their susceptibility to rotenone. (jneurosci.org)
This is the first report demonstrating that microglia play a pivotal role in rotenone-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Immune cells as Microglia, Astrocytes and neurons are liable for inflammatory reaction that activate and produce inflammatory mediators to clear cellular debris from the damage area. (omicsonline.org)
Z-stack from rat brain cortex showing a subset of fluorescent-protein expressing neurons and microglia. (cellimagelibrary.org)

It affects the neurons in sequential arrangement throughout the brain, which allows its characterization into different stages related to the severity of the disease. (nih.gov)
Figure 1), brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP), and nestin (PMID: 21549330). (sanbio.nl)
Myelin is an indispensable component of our brain, "insulating" neurons and enabling fast signal transduction. (stanford.edu)
Secreted tau could therefore be involved in the propagation of tau pathology in tauopathies, a group of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the accumulation of tau proteins in the brain," commented Diane Hanger, Reader in the Department of Neuroscience at King's College London. (neurosciencenews.com)
AD is neuropathologically characterized by amyloid beta plaques surrounded by neurons containing neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. (omicsonline.org)
A gradual loss of neurons in areas of the brain that regulate movement, emotion, and breathing underlies the signs and symptoms of Perry syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein in neurons and strongly associated with overall brain degeneration. (quanterix.com)
In a special issue of 'Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry' scientists from Nova Southeastern University, the University of Alberta and the University of Arizona find evidence that anesthetics act to prevent consciousness in non-polar, oil-like 'quantum channels' deep inside proteins, deep inside brain neurons. (newswise.com)
At the turn of the 20th century, Meyer and Overton found that potency of various anesthetic gases correlated precisely with their solubility and binding in a non-polar medium akin to olive oil, later shown to be largely pi electron resonance clouds of 'aromatic' amino acid rings within brain proteins. (newswise.com)
Could anesthesia block consciousness by preventing quantum coherence in brain proteins? (newswise.com)
Thus anesthesia may dampen terahertz vibrations in quantum channels in brain microtubules. (newswise.com)
Prion diseases are a group of degenerative illnesses of the brain caused when a molecule called the prion protein (PrP for short) adopts the wrong shape. (elifesciences.org)
It had been shown that certain altered PrP proteins caused the death of brain cells by allowing excessive electrical charges to cross the membranes of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
Western blot analysis of HD brain tissue shows full-length huntingtin protein in the nuclear fraction as well as abundant immunopositive bands at lower molecular weight, suggesting proteolytic products in the nucleus. (jci.org)
In the first minute after stoppage of blood flow to the brain, ATP in neurons is primarily regenerated from ADP by phosphate from PhosphoCreatine ( PCr ). (benbest.com)
As a result, neurons in the developing brain cannot migrate to their proper location, which impairs brain development and leads to the severe neurological problems characteristic of ILS. (medlineplus.gov)
In people with subcortical band heterotopia, some neurons that should be part of a certain region of the brain do not reach their destination. (medlineplus.gov)
The neurons stop their migration process in areas of the brain where they are not supposed to be and form band-like clusters of tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
Without proper neuronal migration, neurons in the developing brain can be misplaced, leading to the neurological problems in subcortical band heterotopia. (medlineplus.gov)
Brain hypometabolism in non-demented microtubule-associated protein tau H1 carriers with Parkinson's disease. (cdc.gov)

reported that chronic administration of a common herbicide, rotenone, resulted in a selective destruction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, formation of cytoplasmic inclusions in nigral neurons, and induction of hypokinesia and rigidity in rats, reproducing the key features of human PD. (jneurosci.org)
10) suggesting that excess tau in the absence of fibrillary tau inclusions "clogs" microtubules (MTs) and impedes axonal transport. (alzforum.org)
Pick disease is a term used to describe pathologic changes in FTD, including severe atrophy, neuronal loss, gliosis, and presence of abnormal neurons (Pick cells) containing inclusions (Pick bodies). (msdmanuals.com)

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RP/EB family of genes. (nih.gov)
The protein localizes to the cytoplasmic microtubule network and binds APCL, a homolog of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene. (nih.gov)
Frameshift mutation of MAPRE3, a microtubule-related gene, in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. (nih.gov)
The tau protein exists as multiple protein isoforms in the adult human CNS, generated by alternative splicing of the MAPT gene. (researchsquare.com)
This gene provides instructions for making a protein called dynactin-1, which is involved in the transport of materials within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the DCTN1 gene alter the structure of dynactin-1, making it less able to attach (bind) to microtubules and transport materials within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
This gene encodes a member of the collapsin response mediator protein family. (origene.com)
This gene has been implicated in multiple neurological disorders, and hyperphosphorylation of the encoded protein may play a key role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. (origene.com)
A new study shows that when the gene Foxp2 is knocked out in mouse striatal neurons (top right panel), the protein dynactin (stained red) and the chain that binds dynactin and dynein (stained green) show abnormal spacing compared to wildtype neurons (top left panel). (medicalxpress.com)
The PAFAH1B1 gene (also known as LIS1 ) provides instructions for making a protein that is one part (subunit) of a complex called platelet activating factor acetyl hydrolase 1B (PAFAH1B). (medlineplus.gov)
Most of the PAFAH1B1 gene mutations that cause ILS lead to the production of an abnormally small, nonfunctional version of the PAFAH1B1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
PAFAH1B1 gene mutations cause PAF levels to be reduced and impair the normal function of microtubules. (medlineplus.gov)
A deletion of one copy of the PAFAH1B1 gene in each cell reduces the amount of PAFAH1B1 protein by about half. (medlineplus.gov)
and corticobasal degeneration with FTDs because they share similar pathology and gene mutations affecting the tau protein. (msdmanuals.com)

Neuron-associated class III beta-tubulin isotype, microtubule-associated protein 2, and synaptophysin in human retinoblastomas in situ. (unil.ch)
The proteins of this family were originally isolated since they copurify with tubulin in polymerization experiments: tubulin in cell extracts can be made to polymerize to produce microtubules (MT) under the influence of heat and the addition of GTP, and the MT can then be collected by centrifugation. (wikipedia.org)
Two of these polypeptides have been tentatively identified as tubulin, the microtubule protein, on the basis of their molecular weights. (rupress.org)
The modification is called lysine acetylation, which means a chemical combo called an acetyl group is added to the end of the amino acid lysine on tubulin (microtubules are made from proteins called tubulin). (wisc.edu)

Research has linked corticobasal degeneration to tau proteins, which are microtubule-associated proteins commonly found in neurons. (naturalpedia.com)
These cultures have been used to uncover progressive degeneration of GABAergic synapses in knock-out mice lacking cysteine string protein-α. (jneurosci.org)
Using primary neuron-enriched and neuron/glia cultures from the rat mesencephalon, we discovered an extraordinary feature for rotenone-induced degeneration of cultured dopaminergic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, which it occurs degeneration of the neurons. (omicsonline.org)
The experiments showed that one end of the protein, called the N-terminus, is involved in the movement of electrical charges across the cell membrane and is able to cause cell degeneration. (elifesciences.org)
By contrast, the other end of the protein, the C-terminus, acts as a regulator for the N-terminus and can prevent cell degeneration. (elifesciences.org)
Circadian clock disruption promotes the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in male Drosophila. (cdc.gov)

These diseases are caused by refolding of the cellular prion protein (PrP C ) into an infectious isoform (PrP Sc ) that catalytically templates its abnormal conformation onto additional molecules of PrP C ( Prusiner, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
The abnormal PAFAH1B1 protein is less able to interact with microtubules and to attach (bind) to other subunits to form the PAFAH1B complex, both of which are needed for neuronal migration. (medlineplus.gov)

To move materials, dynactin-1 interacts with other proteins and with a track-like system of small tubes called microtubules. (medlineplus.gov)
Here, we show that MAP7, a unique protein that interacts with both microtubules and the motor protein kinesin-1, plays a key role at branch junctions. (jefferson.edu)
This protein interacts with microtubules and regulates the activity of a variety of proteins that are involved in their function. (medlineplus.gov)

They differ in the expression of transcription factors and plasma membrane proteins. (sanbio.nl)
Quantum effects in microtubules are going to be inconsequential relative to ion fluxes and chemical changes in membrane properties and channels, and there is no explained mechanism to regulate quantum effects. (freethoughtblogs.com)
After decades of inconclusive study of membrane receptor proteins, evidence for anesthetic action now points instead to a deeper level inside neurons, in non-polar regions inside the protein walls of cytoskeletal microtubules. (newswise.com)
HF-SCS restored lysosomal function, increased the levels of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) and the mature form of cathepsin D (matu-CTSD), and alleviated the abnormally elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein 1A/B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II and sequestosome 1 (P62) in spinal nerve-injured rats. (iasp-pain.org)
Most of the metabolic energy of neurons is expended on maintaining ion gradients across the cell membrane. (benbest.com)

High levels of intracellular calcium ion activate proteolytic enzymes (known as calpains) that break down many cell proteins, particularly those in the cytoskeleton of neurons (spectrin, neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein). (benbest.com)
Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the presynapse. (mdpi.com)
Separate from its role in the PAFAH1B complex, the PAFAH1B1 protein is also likely involved in the organization of the cell's structural framework (the cytoskeleton). (medlineplus.gov)

In the present study, to recapitulate the pathologies of these disorders in vitro , we established in vitro models by differentiating mature neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from BP and SCZ patient with contributive copy number variations, as follows: two BP patients with PCDH15 deletion and one SCZ patient with RELN deletion. (nih.gov)
Disruptions to tau splicing are associated with a number of tauopathies, however, in vitro and in vivo models to understand the consequences of disrupted tau splicing have been lacking, due in part to species differences in tau splicing and the developmental regulation of tau in human neurons. (researchsquare.com)
Hochmair J, Exner C, Betzel C, Mandelkow E , Wegmann S . Light Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering to Study Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Tau Proteins In Vitro. (neurotree.org)

The axonal transport paradigm was used to obtain radioactively labeled axonal polypeptides in the rat ventral motor neuron and the cat spinal ganglion sensory neuron. (rupress.org)
In developing rodent sensory neurons of mixed sex, MAP7 is required for branch maturation mainly by preventing branch retraction. (jefferson.edu)
The Wildonger Lab uses fruit fly larvae in their experiments and images the sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, analogous to those nerves in human skin that sense heat, cold, and other stimuli. (wisc.edu)

AD is characterized diagnostically by two histologic findings: (1) extracellular amorphus eosinophilic deposits of amyloid consisting of Aβ peptides (a cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein [APP]), which are referred to as amyloid plaques, and (2) intraneuronal aggregates of abnormally modified microtubule-associated protein tau (neurofibrillary tangles) (see the image below). (medscape.com)

Those malfunctions arise because Foxp2 mutations prevent the proper assembly of motor proteins, which move molecules within cells, the researchers found. (medicalxpress.com)
In the new study, led by Liu, the researchers investigated one proposed mechanism, which is that Foxp2 affects motor proteins. (medicalxpress.com)
In neurons it's done on microtubules by motor proteins. (wisc.edu)

Figure 3) or PSA-NCAM are markers frequently used for intermediate progenitor cells and early immature neurons (PMID: 29625071). (sanbio.nl)

Formative event in AD, production of Amyloid beta is the result of cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) which amyloid beta is high in AD [ 4 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Huntingtin contains a few domains that suggest particular functions, including WW domains and caspase cleavage sites ( 7 , 8 ), but the function of the protein remains unknown. (jci.org)

Moreover, MAP7 binds to the acetylated and stable region of individual microtubules and avoids the dynamic plus end, thereby creating a boundary that prevents microtubule depolymerization and rescues microtubule polymerization. (jefferson.edu)
MAP7 also binds to the acetylated region of microtubules to prevent depolymerization and rescue polymerization. (jefferson.edu)

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a cytoskeletal protein component whose release into blood is indicative of neuronal damage. (quanterix.com)

eEF2 is itself regulated by inhibitory phosphorylation at Thr56 by an upstream kinase, eEF2 kinase (eEF2K), also known as calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III. (nature.com)
Activator of protein kinase A (cyclic AMP agonist). (biolog.de)

Tau is present in the adult human CNS as multiple protein isoforms generated by alternative splicing, with either 0, 1 or 2 N-terminal inserts (0N, 1N, 2N) and either 3 or 4 C-terminal repeats (3R, 4R)(4). (researchsquare.com)

However, in Alzheimer's disease or certain types of dementia, tau accumulates in neurons or glial cells, where it contributes to neurodegeneration. (neurosciencenews.com)

Microtubules are protein lattice polymers which organize neuronal interiors and regulate synapses. (newswise.com)
Mice with human-like Foxp2 also had longer dendrites-the slender extensions that help neurons form synapses-in the striatum, which is involved in habit formation as well as motor control. (medicalxpress.com)

MAP2A and MAP2B are very high molecular weight proteins, with apparent molecular weight on SDS-PAGE about 250kDa, while MAP2C and MAP2D are much lower molecular weight forms with apparent SDS-PAGE size about 70kDa. (wikipedia.org)
Using molecular modeling, the US-Canadian team of Travis Craddock, Stuart Hameroff and Jack Tuszynski had previously shown anesthetic binding in 'quantum channels', non-polar arrays of amino acid pi resonance clouds, winding through microtubules. (newswise.com)
The demonstration on SDS gels that the slow component is composed of a small number of polypeptides which have identical molecular weights in neurons from different mammalian species suggests that these polypeptides comprise fundamental structures of vertebrate neurons. (rupress.org)
Here, we show that MAP7, a less-well understood MAP that is localized to branch junctions, provides a key molecular mechanism to regulate microtubule stability during branch formation. (jefferson.edu)
Together, our study identifies a novel molecular mechanism mediated by MAP7 to regulate microtubule stability and strengthen branches at different stages of axonal branch morphogenesis. (jefferson.edu)
Development and maintenance of axonal branches rely on microtubule stability, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. (jefferson.edu)
One of these molecular motors is the dynein protein complex, a large cluster of proteins that is responsible for shuttling molecules along microtubule scaffolds within cells. (medicalxpress.com)

Most of these mutations change single amino acids in the PAFAH1B1 protein subunit. (medlineplus.gov)

The hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein results into formation of neurofibrillary tangles which aggregates intracellularly and cause neuronal death [ 6 ]. (omicsonline.org)

A microtubule-associated protein that is primarily found in neuronal precursor cells and immature NEURONS in embryonic and adult cortical structures. (bvsalud.org)

Although little neurotoxicity was detected in neuron-enriched cultures after treatment for 8 d with up to 20 n m rotenone, significant and selective dopaminergic neurodegeneration was observed in neuron/glia cultures 2 d after treatment with 20 n m rotenone or 8 d after treatment with 1 n m rotenone. (jneurosci.org)

Glutamatergic neurons and GABAergic neurons were induced from hiPSCs under optimized conditions. (nih.gov)

For these studies we use neurons that are maintained in cell culture as well as genetically-modified strains of mice that are at increased risk for developing neurodegenerative conditions analogous to those observed in humans. (uml.edu)

Hyperphosphorylated, insoluble aggregates composed of the microtubule associated protein tau define a group of clinically and pathologically diverse neurodegenerative diseases collectively called the tauopathies. (researchsquare.com)

In one example, the dendrites of the neurons were over branched. (wisc.edu)
Dendrites are the signal-receiving piece of the neuron that branches out to receive stimuli, and over branching can cause issues. (wisc.edu)
It wasn't previously thought that microtubule acetylation affected the dendrites so the finding was novel and intriguing, Jenkins says. (wisc.edu)

SARS-CoV-2 can reportedly infect developing human neurons within cerebral organoids. (news-medical.net)

PAF is thought to be involved in directing the movement (migration) of nerve cells (neurons), a process known as neuronal migration. (medlineplus.gov)

Tau proteins stabilize microtubules, the long threads of polymers that help to maintain the structure of the cell. (neurosciencenews.com)

The large segment encodes the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the medium segment encodes 2 envelope glycoproteins and a nonstructural protein, and the small segment encodes the nucleocapsid and a second nonstructural protein (NSs), which in LACV is a type I interferon antagonist ( 37 , 38 ). (cdc.gov)

Neuron, 2019 Nov 6. (nih.gov)

Kaniyappan S , Balaji V, Wang Y, Mandelkow E . Microfluidic Chamber Technology to Study Missorting and Spreading of Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease. (neurotree.org)
Wegmann S , Biernat J, Mandelkow E . A current view on Tau protein phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. (neurotree.org)

This mechanism could also impact microtubule regulation in branch regeneration after nerve injury. (jefferson.edu)

HF-SCS also mostly restored the immunoreactivity of LAMP2, which was localized in neurons in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn in spinal nerve-injured rats. (iasp-pain.org)

They found that TDP-43 depletion in human motor neurons alters RNA transcript levels of some proteins, notably, the microtubule regulator STMN2 . (broadinstitute.org)

To direct traffic, cities have signals like lights and road signs, while in neurons these signals are thought to come in the form of post-translational modifications. (wisc.edu)

Role of tau N-terminal motif in the secretion of human tau by End Binding proteins. (nih.gov)
The directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into specific neuronal subtypes provides an unlimited supply of human neurons that can be used to study disease mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)

While not serious, the researchers did find some other interesting effects due to the lack of microtubule acetylation. (wisc.edu)
Using a form of genome engineering, the researchers made a specific change to part of the microtubule, rather than using a drug to manipulate the acetylation or inhibiting an enzyme involved in the acetylation process. (wisc.edu)
It's possible those alternative methods have unknown effects on other proteins in the cell so while they are good approaches, a genetic method directly targeting microtubules may give better results, the researchers say. (wisc.edu)
Researchers believe that a shortage of this protein is responsible for many of the features of Miller-Dieker syndrome, primarily lissencephaly, intellectual disability, and seizures. (medlineplus.gov)
In a cross-sectional study of 48 AD patients without diabetes, 20 cognitively normal diabetic patients, 16 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 84 cognitively normal controls, researchers found that dysfunctionally phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a neuronal protein, is detectable in blood using exosome-based technology and may be able to predict AD up to 10 years before the appearance of symptoms. (medscape.com)

Tau is primarily known for its a role as a microtubule stabilising protein, although its multifunctional nature is becoming increasingly recognised, with roles in the nucleus andcell signalling (1-3). (researchsquare.com)

During development, maturation of nascent branches depends on stabilization of newly assembled or transported microtubules, which are thought to be regulated by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). (jefferson.edu)
MAP7 stabilizes microtubules in nascent branches and prevents branch retraction during branch maturation or after laser-induced injury. (jefferson.edu)

a ) GFP protein is transferred to receiver cells. (elifesciences.org)
The new findings by the scientists indicate that tau has previously unknown roles in biological signaling between cells, in addition to its well-established role in stabilizing microtubules. (neurosciencenews.com)
Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein expression was investigated in cells of the placenta, amnion, and umbilical cord. (news-medical.net)
All kinds of molecules get shunted around to different places in our cells, and that's certainly true of neurons," Graybiel says. (medicalxpress.com)

Other potential mechanisms related to GVD include protein accumulation caused by cellular defence mechanisms or impaired cellular functions. (nih.gov)

At 4 months of age, NMR brains reach 90% of adult size with stable neuronal cytostructural protein expression whereas myelin protein expression does not plateau until 9 months of age in NMRs, and synaptic protein expression continues to change throughout the first 3 years of life. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy82

Organisms21

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Health Care1

Hippocampal neurons4

MAP28

Cytoskeletal proteins2

Signaling molecules1

Healthy neurons3

Cortical neurons5

Antibodies1

Microglia5

Brain20

Inclusions3

Gene15

Tubulin4

Degeneration7

Abnormal2

Interacts3

Membrane5

Cytoskeleton3

Vitro3

Sensory3

Abnormally1

Motor proteins3

PMID1

Cleavage2

Binds2

Neurofilament1

Kinase2

Isoforms1

Glial1

Synapses2

Molecular7

Mutations1

Neurofibrillary tangles1

Immature1

Neurotoxicity1

Glutamatergic1

Humans1

Aggregates1

Dendrites3

Cerebral1

Nerve cells1

Polymers1

Encodes1

20191

Alzheimer's Disease2

Regulation1

Dorsal horn1

Transcript1

Post-translational1

Human2

Researchers5

Primarily1

Maturation2

Cells4

Accumulation1

Adult1