Neurons in the adult induce epigenetic adult mammalian cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In the postnatal forebrain, DNMT3a is expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus, the primary locations for adult neurogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, the changes in the expression of clock genes can cause misaligned oscillations between hippocampal neurons and other oscillators. (databasefootball.com)
To unravel recurrent ASD-related neuropathological mechanisms, we took advantage of the En2 -/- mouse model and performed transcriptome profiling on cerebellar and hippocampal adult tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Neonatal revealing to monosodium L-glutamate induces breakdown of neurons and cytoarchitectural alterations in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neu- rons of grown up rats. (kazanpress.ru)
The most well characterized regulatory steps of adult hippocampal neurogenesis are the rate of progenitor cell proliferation and the survival rate of new DGCs. (jneurosci.org)
Xue Y, Li J, Yan L, Lu L, Liao FF 2015 Genetic variability to diet-induced hippocampal dysfunction in BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains. (genenetwork.org)

Neurogenesis is the mechanism for neuron proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Processes such as neuron proliferation, fate specification, differentiation, maturation, and functional integration of newborn cells into existing neuronal networks are all interconnected. (wikipedia.org)
In mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors, increased histone acetylation induced by the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid not only induced neuronal differentiation, but also selectively enriched the upper layer neuronal population. (wikipedia.org)
but upregulation of genes involved in astroglial and oligodendroglial differentiation, indicating a role in the cell-fate switch from neurogenesis to gliogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
C: SVZ neural stem cell (NSC) cultures in self-renewal (neurosphere formation) and differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
Starting from the zygotic genome, stage- and cell-type-specific transcription factors initiate regulatory cascades that induce cell differentiation. (nature.com)
Altered epigenomes can lead to changes in programmed cell differentiation or, when accidental, to disease (bottom right). (nature.com)
Gain and loss of function studies have indicated that miRNAs play a critical role in the regulation of all key biological functions such as development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
A number of studies have shown that incoming axons can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of their synaptic target cells. (wiringthebrain.com)
In the fly visual system, for example, photoreceptor axons target the developing optic lobe and secrete the morphogen hedgehog, which induces optic lobe progenitor cells to complete a final cell division and undergo neuronal differentiation (Huang and Kunes, 1996). (wiringthebrain.com)
2007). Thus, the final differentiation of cells in the optic lobe requires the prior pathfinding of retinal axons to this area. (wiringthebrain.com)
A similar situation has been demonstrated in the mammalian brain, where axons from the visual thalamus induce the proliferation and differentiation of the primary visual cortex (Dehay et al. (wiringthebrain.com)
Second, neurodegenerative disorders involving defects in axonal transport, such as Huntington's disease, may have their primary effects on neuronal phenotype and physiological function, inducing partial de-differentiation prior to overt degeneration. (wiringthebrain.com)
Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. (axonmedchem.com)
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
The present review will discuss why this new hypothesis is especially attractive to describe the pathophysiology of the autistic brain in light of recent progress made in understanding the generation, migration, and differentiation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the cortex. (neurotransmitter.net)

We consider the effects of the environment and both intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance on biology, disease and evolution. (nature.com)
This review summarizes the neuronal functions of the PIWI-piRNA pathway in multiple animal species, including their involvement in axon regeneration, behavior, memory formation, and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of adaptive memory. (molcells.org)

many epigenetic regulatory mechanisms have been shown to play a large role in the timing and determination of neural stem cell lineages. (wikipedia.org)
MicroRNAs are a small form of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) which often act as "fine-tuning" mechanisms for gene expression by repressing or inducing messenger RNA (mRNA) in neural cells but can also act directly with transcription factors to guide neurogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Neural stem cells are involved in the development of the cortex in a precise "inside out" manner with carefully controlled timing mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
This is largely due to the timing in which these epigenetic mechanisms are active. (wikipedia.org)
Fig. 1: Epigenetic mechanisms that maintain cell identities during development and throughout life. (nature.com)
In rodent models, stress in adult animals induced by restraint and water avoidance has been employed to investigate the mechanisms of stress-induce pain. (frontiersin.org)
While there are relatively few studies examining epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in visceral nociception, stress-induced visceral pain has been linked to alterations in DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns within the brain, leading to increased expression of pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters. (frontiersin.org)
This review will discuss the potential neuronal pathways and mechanisms responsible for stress-induced exacerbation of chronic visceral pain. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, we will review the importance of specific experimental models of adult stress and ELS in enhancing our understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of pain processing. (frontiersin.org)
Although the science of the epigenetics of human pain management is in its early stages with relatively few studies that have examined epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in nociception in human subjects, a key aspect of the review will be to highlight the latest insights into epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs, and describe their involvement in the pathophysiology of chronic visceral pain. (frontiersin.org)
In search of key regulatory mechanisms that may clarify the molecular nature of this regenerative gene expression programme, we hypothesized that as an 'orchestrator of gene regulation' epigenetic changes would direct expression of genes crucial for regeneration only in the presence of pro-regenerative signalling following peripheral but not central damage. (nature.com)
The Hsieh laboratory is a neural stem cell biology laboratory that focuses on 4 major areas: (1) epilepsy-in-a-dish, (2) 3D cerebral organoids, (3) patient recruitment, and (4) mechanisms of adult neurogenesis. (utsa.edu)
Recent evidence obtained in mouse models shows its essential role regulating blood cell function through various mechanisms that include pseudohypoxia responses by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation, post-translational modifications like succinylation, and communication mediated by succinate receptor 1. (haematologica.org)
Alongside genetic mutations and environmental influences, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic mechanisms play a significant role in the development and progression of LC. (bvsalud.org)
The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms. (axonmedchem.com)
While research is still underway to clear up the extent to which epigenetic mechanisms provide to fire-water carcinogenicity, a part for the treatment of genetic damage seems secure. (kazanpress.ru)

Biologists have long sought to understand how a fertilized egg can form an organism composed of hundreds of specialized cell types, each expressing a defined set of genes. (nature.com)
The pluripotency of the initial cell and the establishment of cell types depend to a large extent on the coordinated deployment of hundreds of transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences to activate or repress the transcription of cell lineage genes 1 . (nature.com)
Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
Here we show through systematic epigenetic studies that the histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) promotes acetylation of histone 3 Lys 9 at the promoters of established key regeneration-associated genes following a peripheral but not a central axonal injury. (nature.com)
Our results show the first evidence of immediate retrograde signalling leading to long-term epigenetic reprogramming of gene expression of select genes whose modulation leads to axonal regeneration in the hostile spinal environment. (nature.com)
Several studies have analyzed genome-wide expression profiles of ASD patients using lymphoblastoid cell lines and blood samples, supporting upregulation of immune genes and downregulation of neurodevelopmental genes as key players in the pathogenesis of ASD (see [ 8 ] for a review). (biomedcentral.com)
The Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), composed of EZH1/2, SUZ12, and EED, is an epigenetic silencer that controls the expression of target genes and is crucial for cell identity in multicellular organisms. (bvsalud.org)
It is presumed that Dri, like Osa, which is a member of the Trithorax Group of genes implicated in the modification of chromatin structures required for epigenetic regulation (Vazquez, 1999), is acting to establish stable chromatin structures. (sdbonline.org)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)

Three important methods of epigenetic regulation include histone modification, DNA methylation and demethylation, and microRNA (miRNA) expression. (wikipedia.org)
Mutant analysis has shown that histone methylation modulates the production of deep layer and upper layer neurons through epigenetic regulation. (wikipedia.org)
A: Schematic of DNA methylation and histone modifications in neural stem cells (NSCs). (wjgnet.com)
Thus, the DNA molecule has two identities: the ancestral identity encoded in the sequence and the cell-specific identity encoded in the pattern of DNA methylation. (biomedcentral.com)

DNMT3b is expressed in early neural progenitor cells and decrease as neural development proceeds and DNMT3a is barely detectable up until embryonic day 10 (E.10). (wikipedia.org)
Adult neurogenesis is a complex process whereby neural progenitor cells adopt a neuronal fate, migrate, and mature over several weeks. (jneurosci.org)

Dr. Carless' research focuses on identifying genetic and epigenetic factors associated with complex diseases, and in understanding how these might contribute to disease risk, and be leveraged as potential novel therapies. (utsa.edu)
In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
Transcriptome analysis has been used in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to unravel common pathogenic pathways based on the assumption that distinct rare genetic variants or epigenetic modifications affect common biological pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
We are becoming aware of a growing number of organisms that do not express genetic information equally from both parents as a result of an epigenetic phenomenon called genomic imprinting. (bvsalud.org)
Olariu V, Manesso E, commitment and Peterson C. 2017 A deterministic method for estimating free energy genetic network reprogramming paths landscapes with applications to cell commitment and reprogramming paths. (lu.se)
In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
Our laboratory brings together in a single setting a wide range of theoretical knowledge and technical expertise in its fields of research and is able to investigate physiological and pathological processes from the molecular and genetic/epigenetic levels to that of human patients, thanks to the close interaction between basic scientists and clinicians. (hypothalamus.eu)

The maintenance phase often involves a plethora of non-DNA sequence specific chromatin cofactors that set up and maintain chromatin states through cell division and for extended periods of time-sometimes in the absence of the initial transcription factors 3 . (nature.com)
Pharmacological reversal of the effects on chromatin structure completely eliminates the effects of maternal care on glucocorticoid receptor expression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress, thus suggesting a causal relation between the maternally induced, epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and the effects on stress responses in the offspring. (deepdyve.com)
SUMOylation of linker histone H1 drives chromatin condensation and restriction of embryonic cell fate identity. (axonmedchem.com)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)

We will provide an evidenced-based argument for the use of specific experimental models to advance the understanding of stress-induced chronic pain. (frontiersin.org)
We will explain the unique aspects of these models that allows for a carefully crafted investigation of the female vulnerability to stress-induced chronic visceral pain. (frontiersin.org)
Using animal models, the lab uses sophisticated tools to evaluate the evolution of stress-induced alterations in the activity of discrete neural populations and circuits. (utsa.edu)

The neurons in this tiny region of the hypothalamus regularly receive photic and nonphotic inputs from the environment as well as different organs in the body to orchestrate the endogenous rhythms and synchronize them to environmental cues. (databasefootball.com)
In this study, we established that neurons synthesizing nitric oxide (NO) in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus constitute a key neuronal population for the permissive actions of leptin in the onset of puberty and adult fertility. (hypothalamus.eu)

The adult hippocampus continuously generates new cohorts of immature neurons with increased excitability and plasticity. (jneurosci.org)
Our findings reveal a novel type of activity-dependent plasticity acting on the timing of neuronal maturation and functional integration of newly generated neurons along the longitudinal axis of the adult hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)
Vincent Prevot's postdoctoral work in the laboratory of S. Ojeda at the Oregon National Primate Research Center/Oregon Health & Science University, USA, continued the study of neuronal and glial plasticity in the GnRH system, crucial for the onset of puberty and adult fertility, that he initiated for my doctorate under J.-C. Beauvillain at the University of Lille, France. (hypothalamus.eu)

The pleiotropic harmful effects of EDCs act through hormone-dependent downstream signaling pathways responsible for gonad development either through direct interaction with steroid hormone receptor or via epigenetic regulation. (intechopen.com)
Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
Sirtuins are NAD + -dependent histone deacetylases regulating important metabolic pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are involved in many biological processes such as cell survival, senescence, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, recent interest focusing on sirtuin modulators as epigenetic players in the regulation of fundamental biological pathways has prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules able to modify sirtuin activity. (biomedcentral.com)

Further study will be required in the future to better understand succinate biology in blood cells. (haematologica.org)
Rather, the issues that so beguiled pioneering developmental biologists have now become crucial to the understanding of such disparate fields as cancer biology, cloning and stem cell totipotency. (silverchair.com)
Cell cycle gene expression networks discovered using systems biology: Significance in carcinogenesis. (genenetwork.org)
Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)

Figure 2 Epigenetic regulation of gene expression. (wjgnet.com)

Molecular Cell , 82 (1), 190-208. (axonmedchem.com)
Molecular cell, 82(1), 106-122. (axonmedchem.com)

transit amplyfing progenitors (TAP) or type C cells (green) express the achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) transcription factor and give rise to type A cells (red) that migrate through the rostral migratory stream (rms). (wjgnet.com)
First, the embryo and neurectoderm are patterned by secreted factors, which establish cell fates among progenitors and then differentiated neurons, encoded by combinations of transcription factors. (wiringthebrain.com)

One potential mechanism underlying the persistent effects of stress on visceral sensitivity could be epigenetic modulation of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, we find a specific epigenetic mechanism that regulates axonal regeneration of CNS axons, suggesting novel targets for clinical application. (nature.com)
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor CX3CR1 provide a physiologically-relevant neuron-microglia communication mechanism. (utsa.edu)
Hence, this chapter summarizes the biological plausibility of EDCs exposure and elucidates the mechanism of action underlying EDCs affecting the regulatory circuits of the mammalian HPG axis and reproductive function. (intechopen.com)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling contributes to a variety of processes, mediating many aspects of cellular function, including nutrient uptake, anabolic reactions, cell growth, proliferation, and survival. (mdpi.com)
The processes that establish connectivity are usually thought of as happening after the fate of neurons and their targets have been established. (wiringthebrain.com)
Many neurological pathologies are caused by malfunction of telencephalic neurons, as a result of neurodegenerative processes (e.g. (intechopen.com)

Recently, new evidence suggests that PIWI proteins and piRNAs also play important roles in various somatic tissues, including neurons. (molcells.org)
A single migratory somatic cell termed the distal tip cell (DTC),which is positioned at the tip of each arm, acts as a specialised signalling centre to control the development and the shape of the gonad through a series of inductive events. (silverchair.com)

D: Coronal view showing the adult mouse subgranular zone (SGZ) and the newborn neurons (red) being integrated in the granular cell layer (gr). (wjgnet.com)
The septal dentate gyrus displayed higher levels of basal network activity and faster rates of newborn neuron maturation than the temporal region. (jneurosci.org)

The study examined the expression of Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) in adult and young yak brain tissues, and provided researchers with meaningful insight into the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of this mammal. (scielo.br)
0.05) expressed in the cerebellar cortex, piriform lobe, medulla, and corpus callosum of the adult yak while in the young yak brain tissues, the protein expressions were significantly found in the white matter of the cerebellum, pineal gland, corpus callosum, and cerebellar cortex. (scielo.br)
The findings documented that Ngb and Hif-1α are commonly expressed in various adult and young yak brain tissues. (scielo.br)
Multiple roles in the brain tissues of the adult and young yaks are involved in the expression and distribution and are proposed to play a significant role in the adaptation of the yak to the high altitude environment. (scielo.br)
The most obvious of the recurrent concepts to emerge from the meeting was the central role that similar inductive cues play across a variety of organisms and tissues in specifying cell fate. (silverchair.com)

At cellular level, the telencephalon is populated by a large diversity of neurons, including glutamatergic projection neurons, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic interneurons and projection neurons, as well as cholinergic interneurons and projection neurons. (intechopen.com)

SSCs are adult-tissue stem cells in the mammalian testis that balance self renewing and differentiating fate decisions to give rise to and sustain the entire spermatogenic lineage. (utsa.edu)
The PIWI protein was initially described in Drosophila , and its name, P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI), was assigned as a result of the destructive effect on testis development observed in PIWI knockout ( Lin and Spradling, 1997 ). (molcells.org)

Early born neurons form deep layers in the cortex while newer born neurons form the upper layers. (wikipedia.org)
The mammalian telencephalon, which comprises the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, basal ganglia (striatum and globus pallidum), and amygdala, is a highly complex and evolutionarily advanced brain structure. (intechopen.com)

Some physiological level changes of neurons after altering the miR-339 levels are needed to validate the suggested therapeutic role of miR-339/Sirt2/NF- B/FOXO1 axis in response to acupuncture therapy in the future work. (hindawi.com)
The fate or phenotype of each neuron includes the expression of the specific set of ion channels, neurotransmitters and receptors that determine its physiological function. (wiringthebrain.com)

and they are associated with altered histone acetylation and transcription factor (nerve growth factor-induced clone A [NGFIA]) binding to the glucocorticoid receptor promoter. (deepdyve.com)

Aging is known to involve epigenetic histone modifications which are associated with transcriptional changes occurring throughout the entire lifespan of an individual. (aging-us.com)
Single-cell profiling of transcriptome and histone modifications with EpiDamID. (axonmedchem.com)

For instance, at night, when seizures are less frequent, high levels of melatonin and reduced activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are observed, which are the two crucial regulatory components involved in the modulation of seizure thresholds. (databasefootball.com)

The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurone system has a central as well as a peripheral axonal branch departing from a single cell body. (nature.com)

Here, we show that local network activity regulates the rate of maturation of adult-born neurons along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)
Finally, neurons developing within a highly active environment exhibited a delayed maturation when their intrinsic electrical activity was reduced by the cell-autonomous overexpression of Kir2.1, an inward-rectifying potassium channel. (jneurosci.org)

Student projects in my lab will revolve around cell-fate decisions in Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC). (utsa.edu)
Investigators have now turned their attention to the events downstream of these initial signals and how they are integrated to co-ordinate growth, pattern and cell fate. (silverchair.com)
Importantly, a recent study suggests that the influence of this interplay also extends to the maintenance of cell fate in the adult nervous system. (wiringthebrain.com)
Statistically derived geometrical landscapes capture principles of decision-making dynamics during cell fate transitions. (axonmedchem.com)

However, the final link between axonal injury-induced retrograde signalling and the regulation of essential regenerative gene expression remains elusive. (nature.com)
It is well known that many neurons require retrograde neurotrophic support from their target cells to stay alive. (wiringthebrain.com)
A study from Drosophila (Eade and Allan, 2009) suggests that retrograde signals, in this case involving bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, may also be required to maintain expression of neuronal phenotype in connecting cells, demonstrated through an effect on expression of a specific neuropeptide. (wiringthebrain.com)
First, neuronal phenotypes in the adult nervous system may be more plastic than previously recognised and more actively maintained by regulators of gene expression in response to ongoing retrograde (and possibly anterograde? (wiringthebrain.com)

We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)

In the paper (Rivera, 2014) the researchers report on their experiments with rodent beta cell islets, showing that when autophagy was stimulated by the autophagy-inducing drug rapamycin that (at the dose used) beta cell IAPP content was reduced by 54% ±5.5% versus untreated (no rapamycin) cells. (life-enhancement.com)

Montalbán-Loro R, Domingo-Muelas A, Bizy A, Ferrón SR. Epigenetic regulation of stemness maintenance in the neurogenic niches. (wjgnet.com)
In mice, H3K27me3 was found to increase in muscle quiescent stem cells from aged individuals and, thus, is suggested to suppress functions related to stemness [ 17 ]. (aging-us.com)

The deposition of the repressive epigenetic mark H3K27me3 on the male pronucleus is responsible for the imprinted state, which is reset by the end of meiosis. (bvsalud.org)

In eukary- otes NER involves over 30 proteins and helps cells take a stretch of stresses including UV shedding, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxidative stress. (kazanpress.ru)
The mammalian sirtuin (SIRT) family, evolutionally conserved proteins belonging to class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), comprises seven members. (biomedcentral.com)

Epigenetic regulation of neurogenesis is the role that epigenetics (hertitable characteristics that do not involve changes in DNA sequence) plays in the regulation of neurogenesis (the production of neurons from neural stem cells). (wikipedia.org)

Modification from the insect to the mammalian host involves a muu-muu in temperature, and as expected the leech is gifted of inducing members of all the main classes of HSPs. (kazanpress.ru)

In many cases in fact, the target cells do not even exist at the time that the incoming axons are making their targeting decisions. (wiringthebrain.com)
In addition, secretion of additional signaling molecules induces expression in the optic lobe neurons of adhesion molecules and guidance factors necessary for retinal axons to recognize them as appropriate synaptic targets (Bazigou et al. (wiringthebrain.com)

We also summarize the important role of PRC2 in regulating biological behaviors such as epithelial mesenchymal transition, invasive metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, autophagy, and PRC2-mediated resistance to LC chemotherapeutic agents in LC cells. (bvsalud.org)
1 A new paper 1 reports on how the loss of autophagy along with beta cell expression of IAPP (amyloid islet polypeptide, also called amylin), a 37 amino acid protein coexpressed and released by pancreatic beta cells along with insulin, results in the death (apoptosis) of beta cells. (life-enhancement.com)

Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays a crucial and integrative role in the mammalian endocrine regulation to maintain homeostasis. (intechopen.com)
This promising field may open new avenues to modulate inflammatory responses and to preserve blood cell homeostasis in the clinical setting. (haematologica.org)

Post-embryonically, retn RNAs are expressed in a limited set of neurons in the CNS and eyes. (sdbonline.org)

Here, we further discuss current suggestions of the possible contribution of succinate to blood stem cell function and blood formation. (haematologica.org)
GCNA is a histone binding protein required for spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. (axonmedchem.com)
those of cell reprogramming, thereby avoiding exhaustive trial- energy landscape, deterministic models, and-error simulations with rate equations for different stem cell commitment, reprogramming parameter sets. (lu.se)
We explore the method on three circuits for haematopoiesis and embryonic stem cell development for commitment and reprogramming scenarios and illustrate how the method can be used to determine sequential steps for onsets of external factors, essential for efficient reprogramming. (lu.se)
Here we apply human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models and CRISPR engineering to explore the host genetics of SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)

Several studies suggest that aging induces an overall drift of epigenetic signals in all organisms [ 10 , 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
Circadian rhythms, 24-hour internal clocks running in all cells, aid living organisms in acclimatizing their physiology and behavior to the day/night changes in light, temperature, accessibility of food, and other periodic ecological factors. (databasefootball.com)

GPR91 is a G protein-coupled cell surface receptor for extracellular succinate (Sucnr1). (haematologica.org)

Since Sirt2 plays a critical role in multiple important cellular functions, our data imply that acupuncture may act through epigenetic changes and subsequent action on their targets, such as miRNA-339/Sirt2/NF- B/FOXO1 axis. (hindawi.com)

GCM1 and GCM2 demethylate the Hes5 promoter, allowing it to respond to NOTCH signaling and initiating the generation of neural stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Neural defects of retn mutant cells include mushroom body ß-lobe fusion and pathfinding errors by photoreceptor and subesophageal neurons. (sdbonline.org)

Neurons can fire in rhythmic patterns that have additive effects downstream because of the principle of temporal summation. (gnxp.com)

Chemical conversion of human conventional Pluripotent Stem Cells to Trophoblast Stem Cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)

Oncolytic viruses have an inherent or acquired selectivity to replicate exclusively in tumor cells, ultimately destroying them. (helsinki.fi)
Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary malignant ocular tumor in human adults. (molvis.org)

Given that one of the major roles of the piRNA pathway is the inactivation of transposable elements, impairment of this pathway can lead to overexpression of transposable elements, which may result in increased genome stability and thus germ cell defects and sterility. (molcells.org)
Mutation in the Drosophila retained/dead ringer ( retn ) gene leads to female behavioral defects and alters a limited set of neurons in the CNS. (sdbonline.org)

Cellular immunology, T cell immunity, autoimmune diseases: The immune system plays a fundamental role in the defense against microbial pathogens. (utsa.edu)

This laboratory pursues several lines of investigation to understand how T cells contribute to autoimmune diseases and protection from infection, and how to modulate T cell immunity for therapeutic purposes in humans. (utsa.edu)
miRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide stem-loop precursors and subsequently processed by the cytoplasmic RNase-III type enzyme Dicer to generate ~22 nucleotide mature products which can target and modulate gene expression by inhibiting translation and/or inducing degradation of target mRNAs [ 4 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Adenoviruses, particularly, have shown to be safe, inducing only mild adverse side effects in clinical trials, making them a great candidate for further clinical development. (helsinki.fi)
Confocal microscopy and patch-clamp recordings were combined to assess marker expression, morphological development, and functional properties in retrovirally labeled neurons over time. (jneurosci.org)
Our laboratory examines how chemotropic factors and peripheral hormones (estrogen, leptin, AMH…) impact hypothalamic development and function, as well as the importance of non-neuronal cells (tanycytes, astrocytes and endothelial cells) in this dialogue between the periphery and the central nervous system. (hypothalamus.eu)

3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)

To detect the epigenetic drift of time passing, we determined the genome-wide distributions of mono- and tri-methylated lysine 4 and acetylated and tri-methylated lysine 27 of histone H3 in the livers of healthy 3, 6 and 12 months old C57BL/6 mice. (aging-us.com)

Anatomy81

Organisms22

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs56

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Hippocampal6

Differentiation16

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance2

Mechanisms16

Genes9

Methylation4

Progenitor cells2

Genetic7

Chromatin4

Stress-induced3

Region of the hypothalamus2

Plasticity3

Pathways4

Biology4

Regulation of gene ex1

Molecular2

Progenitors2

Mechanism4

Processes3

Somatic2

Newborn2

Tissues5

Glutamatergic1

Testis2

Cortex2

Physiological2

Histone acetylation1

Modifications2

Regulatory1

Sensory1

Maturation2

Fate4

Retrograde4

Transcriptional1

Rapamycin1

Stemness2

H3K27me31

Proteins2

Epigenetics1

Modification1

Axons2

Apoptosis2

Homeostasis3

RNAs1

Stem cell5

Organisms2

Receptor1

Axis1

Neural2

Temporal1

Pluripotent Stem2

Tumor2

Defects2

Cellular1

Modulate2

Development3

Initiate1

Genome-wide1