NeuronsElectric StimulationHippocampusElectric Stimulation TherapyStimulation, ChemicalPhysical StimulationCells, CulturedDeep Brain StimulationRats, Sprague-DawleyNeuronal PlasticityTranscranial Magnetic StimulationBrainTime FactorsSignal TransductionAction PotentialsCerebral CortexNerve Tissue ProteinsCalciumNitric Oxide Synthase Type ICell LineMice, Inbred C57BLSynaptic TransmissionRats, WistarCatsElectrophysiologyDose-Response Relationship, DrugPhosphorylationPhotic StimulationSynapsesCell DifferentiationElectrodes, ImplantedSpinal CordAnimals, NewbornTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationMice, KnockoutEnzyme ActivationGene Expression RegulationCell DeathMolecular Sequence DataImmunohistochemistryAxonsEvoked PotentialsNeuronal Ceroid-LipofuscinosesModels, NeurologicalMotor NeuronsNeurogliaAcoustic StimulationKineticsPC12 CellsNeural InhibitionNeuritesEnzyme InhibitorsNeural PathwaysVagus NerveMice, TransgenicMuscle ContractionMembrane PotentialsNeurons, AfferentNeurogenesisDisease Models, AnimalGlutamic AcidNerve NetCerebellumNerve DegenerationTransfectionAstrocytesDendritesAfferent PathwaysBlotting, WesternCell SurvivalAnalysis of VarianceSympathetic Nervous SystemNorepinephrineMotor CortexBehavior, AnimalCyclic AMPApoptosisAmino Acid SequenceReaction TimeEvoked Potentials, MotorReflexNeuropeptidesReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateElectromyographySomatosensory CortexNeuroprotective AgentsRats, Inbred StrainsMicroelectrodesGuinea PigsAtropineSubthalamic NucleusLymphocyte ActivationNerve Growth FactorsAcetylcholineMutationProtein BindingModels, BiologicalRabbitsBase SequenceIsoproterenol