• The promoter of the GABA(A) receptor δ subunit gene was analyzed in transgenic mice and in cultured cells to study sequences involved in neuronal subtype-specific gene expression. (psu.edu)
  • The transgene expression pattern in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, thalamus, and brainstem was consistent with the regional and neuronal subtype-specific expression of the endogenous δ subunit protein in both developing and mature brain. (psu.edu)
  • In conclusion, the δ subunit gene promoter/upstream region contains the information for neuronal subtype-specific expression in the entire brain except in the cerebellum and is selectively active in primary cortical neurons in vitro. (psu.edu)
  • Multiple domains in the C-terminus of NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit contribute to neuronal death following in vitro ischemia. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • Electrophysiology revealed that responses to GABA C receptor agonists were enhanced by the GABA A receptor modulator zolpidem (500 n m ), which acts on the α1 subunit when the γ2 subunit is also present. (jneurosci.org)
  • The CHRNB2 gene provides instructions for making one part (subunit) of a larger protein called a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Knockout mice for the β2 subunit have impaired neuronal survival in ageing. (uhi.ac.uk)
  • Consistently, exposure to insulin increased the level of the NR2A subunit of the NMDA receptor without much altering NR1 or NR2B levels. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • The analysis of CGRP release data was combined with immunohistochemistry in order to study the cellular localization of CB1, cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), CGRP and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), a subunit of the functional CGRP receptor, in the TG. (lu.se)
  • Repetitive CP exposure increased striatal PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the D1 dopamine receptor downstream effector Ser845 of the GluR1 subunit of the AMPA receptor. (cdc.gov)
  • Association of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha4 polymorphisms with febrile convulsions. (cdc.gov)
  • Fast inhibition in the nervous system is commonly mediated by GABA A receptors comprised of 2α/2β/1γ subunits. (jneurosci.org)
  • Fast inhibition in the CNS is principally mediated by the neurotransmitter GABA acting on GABA A and GABA C ionotropic receptors ( Macdonald and Olsen, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)
  • Due to these properties, chronic inhibition of glycinergic transmission affects neurite outgrowth and produces changes in the level of synaptic transmission induced by GABA A and AMPA receptors. (wright.edu)
  • The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the synthetic endocannabinoid (eCB) analogue, arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA), on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in the dura and trigeminal ganglion (TG), as cannabinoids are known to activate G i/o -coupled cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1), resulting in neuronal inhibition. (lu.se)
  • coupled cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1), resulting in neuronal inhibition. (lu.se)
  • AMPA receptors (AMPARs) contributed background depolarization to sustain network firing. (nyu.edu)
  • In the present experiments, we quantified receptor autoradiographic binding data for GABAA and GABAB, AMPA, and NMDA receptors in the primary somatosensory cortices of adult squirrel monkeys at four postnerve injury survival durations: immediately (1-3 hours), 3 days, 1 month, and 2 months. (nih.gov)
  • GABAB receptor binding is decreased in layer IV by 1 month after nerve injury, while binding for AMPA receptors is increased in layer IV by this time. (nih.gov)
  • Extinction-induced upregula- the work of Sutton et al .3, it has consid- of calcium into nucleus accumbens neu- tion in AMPA receptors reduces cocaine-seeking behaviour. (lu.se)
  • ABT-594 [5-2R-azetidinylmethoxy-2-chloropyridine], a novel neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, produced significant antinociceptive effects in mice against both acute noxious thermal stimulation--the hot-plate and cold-plate tests--and persistent visceral irritation--the abdominal constriction writhing assay maximally-effective dose in each test 0.62 micromol/kg, i.p. (erowid.org)
  • These data indicate that ABT-594 is a centrally acting neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with potent antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects in mice. (erowid.org)
  • I3S not only induces oxidative stress but is also a potent endogenous agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). (nycu.edu.tw)
  • Effects of insulin and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide on the kidney proteome in db/db mice. (lu.se)
  • These mice provide a useful tool for investigating activity-dependent regulation of GABA(A) receptor expression under physiological and pathological conditions. (psu.edu)
  • In contrast, GABA C receptors containing onlyρ subunits (ρ1-ρ3) have been predominantly detected in the retina. (jneurosci.org)
  • Responses to GABA C agonists were also enhanced by the GABA A receptor modulator pentobarbitone (300 μM). (jneurosci.org)
  • We therefore tested the hypothesis that GABA A and GABA C subunits formed a heteromeric receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Taken together these separate lines of evidence suggest that the effects of GABA in central neurons can be mediated by heteromeric complexes of GABA A and GABA C receptor subunits. (jneurosci.org)
  • Metabotropic GABA B receptors mediate slow inhibitory effects presynaptically and postsynaptically through the modulation of different effector signalling pathways. (springer.com)
  • Here, we analysed the distribution of GABA B receptors using highly sensitive SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labelling in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells. (springer.com)
  • To understand the spatial relationship of GABA B receptors with two key effector ion channels, the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channel and the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel, biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches were performed. (springer.com)
  • Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that GABA B receptors co-assembled with GIRK and Ca V 2.1 channels in the cerebellum. (springer.com)
  • Thus, GABA B receptors are associated with GIRK and Ca V 2.1 channels in different subcellular compartments. (springer.com)
  • These data provide a better framework for understanding the different roles played by GABA B receptors and their effector ion channels in the cerebellar network. (springer.com)
  • GABA B receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors for GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and through coupling to different intracellular signal transduction mechanisms they mediate slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
  • Functional GABA B receptors are obligate heterodimers composed of GABA B1 and GABA B2 subunits, and they are implicated in a number of disorders, including cognitive impairments, nociception, anxiety, depression and epilepsy (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
  • In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have shown that Purkinje cells (PCs), the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, are the neuron type with the highest levels of GABA B receptors (Bowery et al. (springer.com)
  • Here, we examined the role of GABA A receptors in surgically resected HH tissue. (arizona.edu)
  • Conclusions: GABA A receptor-mediated excitation, due in part to differential expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 and subsequent activation of L-type calcium channels, may contribute to seizure genesis in HH tissue. (arizona.edu)
  • One of the major hallmarks of cerebral ischemia is excitotoxicity, characterized by overactivation of glutamate receptors leading to intracellular Ca(2+) overload and ultimately neuronal demise. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • This review will introduce contemporary theories on drug addiction, including neural circuitry, before critically assessing the current body of knowledge on group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in this regard. (nih.gov)
  • The effect of acute and chronic drug administration on the activity and expression of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors will be investigated, as will the effect these receptors have on behavioral and biochemical responses to drugs of abuse. (nih.gov)
  • Chimeric receptor subunits and site-directed mutants were used to localize sequence determinants of cocaine affinity to: 1) a region of α4 located between residues 128 and 267 and 2) a site within the pore-lining M2 domain of β4 that includes the 13′ phenylalanine residue. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Analysis of the effects of incorporation of mutant and chimeric subunits also permitted identification of sequence elements important in receptor activation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • For α3-containing receptors, a region or regions contained within the N-terminal extracellular domain of neuronal β subunits influence the time course of responses to acetylcholine. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Taken together, our results identify crucial determinants in the C-terminal domain of GluN2B subunits in promoting neuronal death in ischemic conditions. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • One explanation could be that ρ subunits assemble with subunits from other receptor subfamilies, but this hypothesis is contentious. (jneurosci.org)
  • Concordant with robust expression of CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 subunits in HH neurons, the L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine (100 μM) prevented muscimol-induced neuronal excitation. (arizona.edu)
  • Together with these changes in receptor subunits, the postsynaptic cluster size increases with development. (wright.edu)
  • Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels of the central and peripheral nervous system that regulate synaptic activity from both pre- and postsynaptic sites. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In this thesis, I have examined the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), known molecular targets for nicotine addiction, in mediating the initial rewarding properties of alcohol. (umassmed.edu)
  • Computational models predicted dependence on NMDA receptor (NMDAR) NR2B stimulation, and Delay cell persistent firing was abolished by local NR2B NMDAR blockade or by systemic ketamine administration. (nyu.edu)
  • RTN4/NoGo-receptor binding to BAI adhesion-GPCRs regulates neuronal development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75, also known as NGFR) is a multifaceted signalling receptor that regulates neuronal physiology, including neurite outgrowth, and survival and death decisions. (unab.cl)
  • A separate line of investigation suggests an association between a functional polymorphism in the promoter region for the human dopamine 4 receptor gene (DRD4) and sensitivity to novelty. (upm.es)
  • The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. (nih.gov)
  • A major role of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA2 in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is unlikely. (cdc.gov)
  • A novel mutation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA4 in sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. (cdc.gov)
  • The identification of a novel mutation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNB2 in a Chinese patient: Its possible implication in non-familial nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. (cdc.gov)
  • Importantly, activity recordings at the level of single neurons, neuronal networks or even entire brain regions consistently show hyperexcitability in the early stages of AD (summarized in Table 1 ). (nature.com)
  • Efferocytosis of apoptotic neurons by macrophages is essential for the resolution of inflammation and for neuronal protection from secondary damage. (thno.org)
  • Here, we review recent findings from studies in patients and in animal models that led to the identification of a unique sorting receptor for APP in neurons, designated SORLA/SORL1, that emerges as a key player in amyloidogenic processing and as major genetic risk factor for AD. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • We further found that E. coli can directly invade into hippocampal neurons causing apoptosis which required the interaction between bacterial IbeA and neuronal Caspr1. (microbialcell.com)
  • These findings demonstrate that E. coli hijack Caspr1 as a host receptor for penetration of BBB and invasion of hippocampal neurons, resulting in progression of meningitis. (microbialcell.com)
  • With whole-cell recording from single neurons, we found that ACh inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) while elevating neuronal firing in a dose-dependent manner. (springer.com)
  • Here we show that receptor-mediated endocytosis in neurons by the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a critical role in brain Aβ clearance. (wustl.edu)
  • Results: Two neuronal cell types were seen: small (10-16 μm) spontaneously firing GABAergic neurons and large (20-28 μm) quiescent neurons. (arizona.edu)
  • Glycine receptors (GlyRs) play a major role in the excitability of spinal cord and brain stem neurons. (wright.edu)
  • For example, the receptor structure switches from a monomeric α or heteromeric α2β in immature neurons to an α1β receptor type in mature neurons. (wright.edu)
  • The mature receptor is characterized by a slow desensitizing current and high sensitivity to modulation by protein kinase C. Also, the high level of glycinergic transmission in immature spinal neurons modulates neuronal excitability causing membrane depolarization and changes in intracellular calcium. (wright.edu)
  • The antinociceptive effect of ABT-594 was prevented, but not reversed, by the noncompetitive neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine 5 micromol/kg, i.p. (erowid.org)
  • In contrast, the antinociceptive effect of ABT-594 was not prevented by hexamethonium 10 micromol/kg, i.p., a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that does not readily enter the central nervous system, nor by naltrexone 0.8 micromol/kg, an opioid receptor antagonist. (erowid.org)
  • Thus, initiation of antinociception by ABT-594 involves activation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but does not require activation of naltrexone-sensitive opioid receptors. (erowid.org)
  • Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are distributed extensively throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Bertrand S, Weiland S, Berkovic SF, Steinlein OK, Bertrand D. Properties of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutants from humans suffering from autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A series of N,N-disubstituted piperazines were prepared and evaluated for binding to α4β2 * and α7 * neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors using rat striatum and whole brain membrane preparations, respectively. (uky.edu)
  • Consistent deficits in the cholinergic system are evident in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, including selective loss of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brains of AD patients. (uhi.ac.uk)
  • Because the neuronal LRP1-deletion did not affect the mRNA levels of major Aβ degrading enzymes, neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme, the disturbed Aβ clearance is likely due to the suppression of LRP1- mediated neuronal Aβ uptake and degradation. (wustl.edu)
  • Several variants of the receptor exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vivo microdialysis studies demonstrated that Aβ clearance in brain interstitial fluid is impaired in neuronal Lrp1 knock-out mice. (wustl.edu)
  • In CKD mice, neuronal activity enhancement was observed in ACC and hippocampal CA1, and these responses were abrogated by both nAhrCKO and aAhrCKO. (nycu.edu.tw)
  • Neonatal exposure to a Type-I pyrethroid (bioallethrin) induces dose-response changes in brain muscarinic receptors and behaviour in neonatal and adult mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Introduction: In mammals, sn-1-diacylglycerol lipases (DAGL) generate 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) that, as the major endocannabinoid, modulates synaptic neurotransmission by acting on CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Even though the insect genome codes for inaE, which is a DAGL ortholog (dDAGL), its products and their functions remain unknown particularly because insects lack chordate-type cannabinoid receptors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, relatively little attention has been focused on the development of subtype-selective nicotinic receptor antagonists. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The current perspective summarizes the research that has been carried out with both classical competitive antagonists and more recently developed competitive nicotinic receptor antagonists. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, all ACh-induced cellular and network changes were blocked by muscarinic, but not nicotinic receptor antagonists. (springer.com)
  • Neuronal hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease: what are the drivers behind this aberrant phenotype? (nature.com)
  • Thus, ACh modulates network dynamics in a biphasic fashion, probably by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission and facilitating neuronal excitability through muscarinic signaling pathways. (springer.com)
  • We also found out that AD fluoxetine prevents nitration of TRKB receptors in vivo and antidepressant drugs fluoxetine, phenelzine and imipramine disrupt the interactions of TRKB, NOS1 and NOS1 adaptor protein (CAPON) in co-immunoprecipitation assay. (helsinki.fi)
  • Indeed, expression of YFP-GluN2B C-terminus mutants for the binding sites to post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), Ca(2+)-calmodulin kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) or clathrin adaptor protein 2 (AP2) failed to mediate neuronal death in OGD conditions. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • Exposure to insulin led to tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3- kinase). (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Activation of the D1 dopamine receptor/cAMP/PKA cascade is regulated by the neuronal protein kinase, Cdk5. (cdc.gov)
  • The P2Y(11) receptor of human M2 macrophages activates canonical and IL-1 receptor signaling to translate the extracellular danger signal ATP into anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic responses. (nih.gov)
  • Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 contains three extracellular IMMUNOGLOBULIN C2-SET DOMAINS and is a tyrosine kinase that transmits signals through the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM. (bvsalud.org)
  • UNC93B1 Is Widely Expressed in the Murine CNS and Is Required for Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury Induced by MicroRNA let-7b . (bvsalud.org)
  • Excessive neuroinflammation further promotes neuronal and glial cell damage and impairs brain repair and functional recovery. (thno.org)
  • Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: the role of microglia in Toll-like receptor-mediated neuronal injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • Zhang G, Li Q, Tao W, Qin P, Chen J, Yang H, Chen J, Liu H, Dai Q, Zhen X. Sigma-1 receptor-regulated efferocytosis by infiltrating circulating macrophages/microglial cells protects against neuronal impairments and promotes functional recovery in cerebral ischemic stroke. (thno.org)
  • These mechanisms underlie the divergent roles of the GluN2A- and GluN2B-NMDARs in determining neuronal fate in cerebral ischemia. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • 2001. Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. (cdc.gov)
  • Such antagonists would be beneficial for establishing the role of specific nicotinic receptor subtypes in physiological function and for unraveling the complexities of neuronal nicotinic receptor function. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The results of physiological and pharmacological studies revealed that brain histamine and its receptors are involved in the regulation of obesity and diabetes mellitus. (eurekaselect.com)
  • During development, several properties of these receptors undergo significant changes resulting in major modifications of their physiological functions. (wright.edu)
  • While effectively attenuating neuronal apoptosis in mouse cortical culture, insulin paradoxically induced neuronal necrosis with 48 h of exposure. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • CGRP release was induced by either 60 mM K + (for depolarization-induced stimulation) or 100 nM capsaicin (for transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) -induced stimulation) and measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (lu.se)
  • Currently, there is great interest in determining the structural and functional diversity of these receptors, and in developing subtype-selective agonists that have potential as therapeutic agents for neuropathology and disease. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our findings indicate that IFNAR1 plays a pivotal role in both sex-dependent and independent processes of neuronal injury and behavioral impairment triggered by HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and hence contributes significantly to the formation of functional neuronal networks. (jneurosci.org)
  • Several microglia functions are governed by the purinergic system due to the presence on these cells of P1 and P2 (P2X, P2Y) receptors for adenosine and ATP/ADP, respectively. (unicam.it)
  • The P2X4 and P2X7 receptors are involved in microglia chemotaxis and activation processes. (unicam.it)
  • Recently, it has been demonstrated that also adenosine A2A receptors (A2AARs) are over-expressed in LPS-activated microglia and mediate microglial process retraction. (unicam.it)
  • Indeed, while the role of A1AR on macrophages/microglia in several CNS diseases has been reported, recent important data suggested that neither resting nor LPS-activated microglia express this receptor. (unicam.it)
  • The possible role of this receptor could be related to the cytoskeletal rearrangement of microglia occurring in migration or activation processes, as it has been also suggested recently for A2AAR. (unicam.it)
  • Knowing that such receptors respond to nicotine explains why a tobacco company would study them. (the-scientist.com)
  • This receptor is coupled to the stimulation of the phosphoinositide and adenylyl cyclase pathways and behaves as a selective purinoceptor. (nih.gov)
  • L-glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter at fast synapses in the mammalian central nervous system, and signals though a number of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. (nih.gov)
  • This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. (nih.gov)
  • Here we describe a model system, SELective Expression and Controlled Transduction In Vivo (SELECTIV), that enables efficient and specific expression of transgenes by coupling adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors with Cre-inducible overexpression of the multi-serotype AAV receptor, AAVR. (nature.com)
  • However, understanding exactly how such molecular and cellular actions of ACh translate into modulation of the network activity of neuronal ensembles in vivo has been challenging, in part due to the vast complexity of native circuits. (springer.com)
  • Finally, we attempted to assign a function to this receptor through an in vivo electrophysiological approach. (unicam.it)
  • It is known that alteration of the Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is involved in the pathological development of some neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke. (thno.org)
  • Among the latter are the group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu1 and mGlu5) receptors that upon activation elevate intracellular calcium levels through activation of the phospholipase C pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Histamine and its receptors are classical inflammatory mediators in peripheral tissues and also function in the brain. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Leptin has been shown to regulate obesity and diabetes partially via brain histamine and its receptors. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In this review, we focused on the roles of brain histamine and its receptors in regulating obesity and diabetes mellitus. (eurekaselect.com)
  • This will involve an in-depth discussion of the distribution of these receptors in the brain, their presence in neural pathways known or postulated to be involved in addiction and their involvement in drug-related behavioral paradigms. (nih.gov)
  • We show that IFNAR1KO results in partial, sex-dependent protection from neuronal injury and behavioral deficits in a transgenic model of HIV-induced brain injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, IFNAR1-deficiency, independent of sex, limits damage to neuronal dendrites, microgliosis, and activation of p38 MAPK and restores ERK activity in the HIVgp120tg brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, brain slice treatment with CP induced calpain-dependent conversion of the Cdk5 activating cofactor p35 to p25, a neuronal injury marker. (cdc.gov)
  • In this review, we summarize the evidence for neuronal excitability changes over the course of AD onset and progression and the molecular mechanisms underpinning these differences. (nature.com)
  • Specifically, we discuss contributors to aberrant neuronal excitability, including abnormal levels of intracellular Ca 2+ and glutamate, pathological amyloid β (Aβ) and tau, genetic risk factors, including APOE , and impaired inhibitory interneuron and glial function. (nature.com)
  • This evidence comes from laboratory models of AD, as well as living patients, showcasing the potential of neuronal excitability changes as a biomarker for early detection of AD. (nature.com)
  • Changes on the Properties of Glycine Receptors During Neuronal Develop" by Luis G. Aguayo, Brigitte van Zundert et al. (wright.edu)
  • Parallel to these modifications, the apparent receptor affinity to glycine and strychnine, as well as that of Zn 2+ and ethanol increases with time. (wright.edu)
  • The data showed that the A1AR receptor is expressed by microglial cells and is positively regulated by ATP. (unicam.it)
  • The genotype-dependent memory enhancement conferred by the C allele is associated with increased neuronal responses during successful encoding of perceptual oddballs in the ventral striatum, an effect which is again allele dose-dependent. (upm.es)
  • In contrast, many Response cells were sensitive to AMPAR blockade and increased firing after systemic ketamine, indicating that models of ketamine actions should be refined to reflect neuronal heterogeneity. (nyu.edu)
  • The purinergic receptor P2Y11 choreographs the polarization, mitochondrial metabolism, and migration of T lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Results: CB1 was predominantly expressed in neuronal somas in which colocalization with CGRP was observed. (lu.se)