• Neuronal activity distributed in multiple cortical areas during voluntary control of the native arm or a brain-computer interface. (rochester.edu)
  • The Eyes Reflect an Internal Cognitive State Hidden in the Population Activity of Cortical Neurons. (rochester.edu)
  • 2014 ) Cortical neural populations can guide behavior by integrating inputs linearly, independent of synchrony. (neurotree.org)
  • 4 In the ARC, there are two distinct neuronal populations: one group of neurons produces the orexigenic neuropeptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), whereas the other subset of neurons expresses the anorexigenic neuropeptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. (nature.com)
  • Single neurons demonstrate different responses to specific neuronal input signals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-linear neural networks are a network of complex neurons that have many connections with one another such as the neuronal systems found within our brains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Investigators of neural ensembles and those who especially support the theory of distributed processing, propose that large neuronal populations effectively decrease noise by averaging out the noise in individual neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of neuronal noise (or more specifically synaptic noise) confers to neurons more sensitivity to a broader range of inputs, it can equalize the efficacy of synaptic inputs located at different positions on the neuron, and it can also enable finer temporal discrimination. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been proposed that, particularly during the early part of a field burst, synchronised activity in small independent aggregates of neurons results in low amplitude irregular population spikes and subsequent fusion of aggregates generates high amplitude, regular discharging spikes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Data were gathered in conjunction with the recording of neuronal data (not presented here), and the slight difference in stimulus location between the animals was due to a difference in the receptive field locations of the neurons that were sampled by the implanted electrodes. (researchgate.net)
  • Major techniques used for this work include monitoring of hormone levels in the blood by radioimmunoassay, quantification of neuronal activity in specific brain regions by neurochemical and molecular biology techniques, identification of specific populations of neurons in the hypothalamus by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation, and use of transgenic mice to study hormone effects on brain function. (otago.ac.nz)
  • This is important not only for understanding attention and memory (in which disparate brain areas interact to control the information processing of small populations of neurons), but also for understanding other cognitive functions involving interactions across scales, such as learning, language, and decision-making. (rochester.edu)
  • Peripheral sensory neurons have previously been characterized and classified based on their molecular characteristics, but this study is the first effort to link molecular characteristics of DRG neuronal subtypes to physiological properties. (iasp-pain.org)
  • To reconcile robust computations with variable neuronal activity, we here propose a conceptual change of perspective by employing variability of activity as the basis for stimulus-related information to be learned by neurons, rather than merely being the noise that corrupts the mean signal. (plos.org)
  • We established that, in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain region of reward processing, the neuronal ensembles -- a sparse network of neurons activated simultaneously -- are reward-specific, and sucrose and cocaine ensembles are mostly nonoverlapping," says Ana Clara Bobadilla, a UW assistant professor in the School of Pharmacy and in the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana and Idaho) Medical Education Program. (uwyo.edu)
  • We use an approach informed by an understanding of neuronal microcircuit dynamics, macrocircuit connectivity and organism-level behavior to connect between the level of single neurons, networks of those neurons and animal behavior. (google.com)
  • We propose that the neocortical populations have a constant 'backbone' element to their sequence as well as a proportion of neurons with maleable timing. (google.com)
  • In paper №3, I also identify the specific mesDA population (A9) that is critical for functional recovery, with transplants that lack A9 neurons failing to improve motor recovery. (lu.se)
  • However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
  • Persaud-Sawin et al found that transfecting CLN1 (ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 1)- or CLN2-deficient cells with CLN deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) constructs for either CLN1 or CLN2 was somewhat protective against etoposide-induced apoptosis in both cell types. (medscape.com)
  • Each disease type is given the designation "CLN," meaning ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, and then a number to indicate its subtype. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Modeling task-specific neuronal ensembles improves decoding of grasp. (rochester.edu)
  • Varying the CR stimulation frequency (with respect to the frequency of abnormal target rhythm) and the number of separately stimulated neuronal subpopulations, we reveal parameter regions and related mechanisms where the two qualitatively different randomization mechanisms improve the robustness of long-lasting desynchronization effects of CR. (frontiersin.org)
  • Their research focuses on the neuroendocrine control of reproduction, in particular the mechanisms by which reproductive hormones act to influence neuronal activity in the hypothalamus. (otago.ac.nz)
  • We use electrophysiological methods (EEG, neural population recordings, electrical stimulation) and computational models to investigate the mechanisms of attention and memory and potential avenues for intervention. (rochester.edu)
  • The other neuronal population releases the anorexigenic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and pro-opiomelanocortin neurotransmitters, both of which inhibit feeding. (medscape.com)
  • We show that neuronal populations expressing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) display a dose-dependent sensitivity to QA. (lu.se)
  • During CR, phase-shifted stimuli are delivered to multiple neuronal subpopulations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Elleder M, Dvorakova L, Stolnaja L, Vlaskova H, Hulkova H, Druga R, Poupetova H, Kostalova E, Mikulastik J. Atypical CLN2 with later onset and prolonged course: a neuropathologic study showing different sensitivity of neuronal subpopulations to TPP1 deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Coordinated reset (CR) stimulation is a theory-based stimulation technique that was designed to specifically counteract neuronal synchrony by desynchronization. (frontiersin.org)
  • How field potential oscillations and neuronal firing rates are correlated time in the frontal cortex in rodent recordings. (google.com)
  • In contrast, neuronal populations expressing orexin, oxytocin, vasopressin as well as tyrosine hydroxylase in the A13 area are resistant to QA-induced toxicity. (lu.se)
  • There was no effect of hypothalamic injections of QA on the neuronal populations expressing orexin, MCH, CART or oxytocin in neither HD mouse model. (lu.se)
  • Loss of the metabolism and sleep regulating neuronal populations expressing orexin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (lu.se)
  • The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also known as Batten disease, are a group of neurodegenerative disorders. (medscape.com)
  • The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) originally were defined by their age of onset and clinical symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • CLN2 disease is one of a group of disorders known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), which may also be collectively referred to as Batten disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We demonstrate that the R6/2 transgenic mouse model expressing a short fragment of mutant HTT displays hypothalamic neuropathology with discrete loss of the neuronal populations expressing orexin, MCH, CART, and orexin at 12 weeks of age. (lu.se)
  • There were also significant correlations between DCX population in the dentate gyrus and daily dose (r2 = 0.560). (edmontonfetalalcoholnetwork.org)
  • Bridging neuronal correlations and dimensionality reduction. (rochester.edu)
  • For example, the need for averaging neuronal activity over long periods or large groups of cells to assess a robust mean and to diminish the effect of noise correlations. (plos.org)
  • Hence, it has remained unclear if the overlap of two functions in the PPC is the product of averaging, or they truly stem from a common profile of activity within the same neuronal populations in the human PPC. (mit.edu)
  • Neuronal activity at the microscopic level has a stochastic character, with atomic collisions and agitation, that may be termed "noise. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypersynchrony of neuronal activity is associated with several neurological disorders, including essential tremor and Parkinson's disease (PD). (frontiersin.org)
  • We employ approaches that measure neural activity across a wide range of scales, from the micrometer scale (neuronal population recordings) to the centimeter scale (scalp-recorded EEG). (rochester.edu)
  • Therefore, another pillar of our research program is to improve our basic understanding of how EEG signals and population spiking activity are related to each other. (rochester.edu)
  • Classical models of neuronal networks therefore map a set of input signals to a set of activity levels in the output of the network. (plos.org)
  • Neuronal populations code similar concepts by similar activity patterns across the human brain's semantic networks. (mpi.nl)
  • Previous classification efforts using similar methods have taken unbiased approaches to determine gene expression differences in sensory neuron populations. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Gilson M, Dahmen D, Moreno-Bote R, Insabato A, Helias M (2020) The covariance perceptron: A new paradigm for classification and processing of time series in recurrent neuronal networks. (plos.org)
  • Organophosphates and carbamates widely used as insecticides exert their toxicity through inhibition of neuronal cholinesterase (ChE). (cdc.gov)
  • This involved mapping the neuronal patterns that were generated in the lateral horn when a fly was exposed to particular odors. (elifesciences.org)
  • EEG signals index a global signature of arousal embedded in neuronal population recordings. (rochester.edu)
  • The balance of energy intake and expenditure by the brain relies on the complex integration of signals originating in the periphery with those from diffuse neuronal networks within the brain itself. (medscape.com)
  • It accesses the short- and long-term hormonal and nutrient signals from the periphery via semi-permeable capillaries in the underlying median eminence and receives neuronal feedback from the NTS. (medscape.com)
  • Both neuronal populations innervate the paraventricular nucleus, which, in turn, sends signals to other areas of the brain. (medscape.com)
  • A subset of treated cells was labeled with a battery of neuronal markers to examine the differentiation of these cells. (usda.gov)
  • Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
  • Neuronal noise or neural noise refers to the random intrinsic electrical fluctuations within neuronal networks. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, current research suggests that neuronal noise is beneficial to non-linear or complex neural networks up until optimal value. (wikipedia.org)
  • More generally, two types of impacts of neuronal noise can be distinguished: it will either add variability to the neural response, or enable noise-induced dynamical phenomena which cannot be observed in a noise-free system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adult human neural progenitor cells (AHNPs) isolated and characterized previously in our lab, demonstrate impressive ability to generate diverse neuronal populations. (usda.gov)
  • Decoding weight matrix (w d ) are adaptable weights that decode the population coding behavior. (nature.com)
  • While it isn't clear on what theoretical basis neuronal responses involved in perceptual processes can be segregated into a "neuronal noise" versus a "signal" component, and how such a proposed dichotomy could be corroborated empirically, a number of computational models incorporating a "noise" term have been constructed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Implementations have been inspired by stereotypical neuronal responses like tuning curves in the visual system, where, for example, ON/OFF cells fire or not depending on the contrast in their receptive fields. (plos.org)
  • We report here significant neuronal deficits in the hippocampus with a significant negative correlation between daily dose and neuronal population in CA1 (r2 = 0.486), CA2 (r2 = 0.492), and CA3 (r2 = 0.469). (edmontonfetalalcoholnetwork.org)
  • Predictably, these subtypes shared common molecular features, especially when considering anatomically similar fiber populations, as well as unique combinations of upregulated and downregulated genes. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
  • Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
  • Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • To understand the function of these interneurons in information processing, it is necessary to uncover how they are embedded into neuronal circuits. (nih.gov)
  • A recent explosion of RNA sequencing approaches in the pain field has led to a new understanding of the molecular diversity of cell populations in the somatosensory system, from the skin to the brain. (iasp-pain.org)
  • The novelty in the new study is that the authors focus on how gene expression variability could determine functional differences in well-known DRG neuronal populations, in particular with regard to the cells' electrophysiological properties. (iasp-pain.org)
  • In conclusion, the beneficial effects of gelatin may be the combined results of faster healing of the blood brain barrier curtailing leakage of blood borne molecules/cells into brain parenchyma and to a modulation of the microglial population response favoring restitution of the injured tissue. (lu.se)
  • To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)
  • However, the extant evidence in humans stems from neuroimaging methods that have relied on group analyses without much knowledge about the profile of neurophysiological engagement within localized neuronal populations at the individual brain level. (mit.edu)
  • Specialized neuronal networks in the brain coordinate adaptive changes in food intake and energy expenditure in response to altered metabolic conditions ( Figure 1 ). (nature.com)
  • The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
  • Mirror Neuron Populations Represent Sequences of Behavioral Epochs During Both Execution and Observation. (rochester.edu)
  • Computational studies on CR stimulation of plastic neuronal networks revealed long-lasting desynchronization effects obtained by down-regulating abnormal synaptic connectivity. (frontiersin.org)
  • c ) Architecture design of the CMOS-memtransistor hybrid framework for population coding, consisting of three modules: the TAB architecture, synaptic memtransistor, and sign-based online update learning (SOUL). (nature.com)
  • In vitro electrophysiological recordings revealed distinct electrical stimulus-evoked signatures for each of the eight populations. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Amongst the several concepts applied to the mental model, the most adequate one for this research refers to the formation and strengthening of the neuronal net through the presence of more synapses associated to stimulus that modify the concepts and the relationship between the subject and his environment (Merrill, 2000). (bvsalud.org)
  • There are many theories of why noise is apparent in the neuronal networks, but many neurologists are unclear of why they exist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Learning in neuronal networks has developed in many directions, in particular to reproduce cognitive tasks like image recognition and speech processing. (plos.org)
  • They are considered the most common of the neurogenetic storage diseases, with a prevalence of 1 in 12,500 in some populations. (medscape.com)
  • Hence we aimed to test the hypothesis that risk factor prevalence in ICH and IS as well as risk factor associations for ICH versus IS vary between Chinese and white populations. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • Prevalence is 1.2 cases per 100,000 population. (medscape.com)
  • Few studies have examined the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in wild ape populations. (cdc.gov)
  • Our recent systematic review found a twofold higher proportion of ICH and a lower proportion of ischemic stroke (IS) in Chinese versus white populations of European descent [5]. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • We systematically assessed the evidence for differences in main vascular risk factors between ICH and IS in Chinese versus white populations of European descent. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • Single-cell labeling and visualization of dendritic or axonal arbors is required to study neuronal morphogenesis. (jove.com)
  • This injection imaging and analysis protocol can be used to study neuronal morphologies across the central nervous system. (jove.com)
  • The changing trend in the etiology of bacterial meningitis points to the need to study vaccination programme modifications, such as pneumococcal vaccine for the adult population, especially high-risk groups. (who.int)
  • With the ageing of the population it is expected that the incidence of dementia will increase 400% in the next 20 years. (bmj.com)
  • Some investigators have shown in experiments and in models that neuronal noise is a possible mechanism to facilitate neuronal processing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amyloid plaques with evidence of damaged neuronal processes are called neuritic plaques. (medscape.com)
  • Appropriate Cre selection and injection location must be determined to target the cell population of interest. (jove.com)
  • Begin by selecting a Cre mouse line to label the retinal cell populations of interest. (jove.com)
  • Dynamic attention signaling in V4: relation to fast-spiking/non-fast-spiking cell class and population coupling. (rochester.edu)
  • Approximately 1 in 30 Ashkenazi Jews is presumed to be a carrier, which results in a potential disease incidence of 1 in 3600 live births to this population. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of the condition outside of this population is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One in 30 Ashkenazi Jews is presumed to be a carrier, which results in a potential disease incidence of 1 in 3600 live births to this population. (medscape.com)
  • Design Analysis of prospective data from a multiethnic population based cohort. (bmj.com)