Neuronal nucleus. Medical search. Frequent questions

In all areas, compared with those recorded during the WD state, neurons recorded during the SD state showed an increase in the percentage of salt-evoked excitatory responses and a decrease in the percentage of sucrose-evoked inhibitory responses, suggesting that a subset of the neuronal population in these areas codes for the increased motivational and/or hedonic value of the salt solution. (duke.edu)
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are among the most abundant non-neuronal cells in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and closely envelop sensory neurons that detect painful stimuli. (iasp-pain.org)
Surprisingly, zydeco was not expressed in neurons, but was restricted to a glial subtype called cortex glia, which encapsulate neuronal somata. (jneurosci.org)
[6] [7] Some neuronal subpopulations in the SN, such as the noradrenergic cell group A2 and the aldosterone -sensitive HSD2 neurons project as far ventral as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis . (wikipedia.org)
While iPSC-derived neurons show great promise for compound screening and disease modeling, use of three-dimensional (3D) cultures is emerging as a valid approach for neuronal cell based assay development. (moleculardevices.com)
A team at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies made the discovery while studying ELLPs that are part of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which is a transport channel that regulates the flow of molecules into or out of the nucleus in neurons. (the-scientist.com)
These populations include the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons that have projections to key neurons in other hypothalamic nuclei and higher brain centers in order to orchestrate the feeding responses. (researchgate.net)
With whole-cell recording from single neurons, we found that ACh inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) while elevating neuronal firing in a dose-dependent manner. (springer.com)
We established that, in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain region of reward processing, the neuronal ensembles -- a sparse network of neurons activated simultaneously -- are reward-specific, and sucrose and cocaine ensembles are mostly nonoverlapping," says Ana Clara Bobadilla, a UW assistant professor in the School of Pharmacy and in the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana and Idaho) Medical Education Program. (uwyo.edu)
There is a highly divergent projection from large numbers of cerebral cortical neurons (eight CCs are shown) to the two input nuclei of the BG network, namely the striatum (shaded box containing six spiny neurons (SpNs)) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). (scholarpedia.org)
Symptoms result from the selective loss of neurons, mostly in the caudate nucleus and putamen. (medscape.com)
It is characterized by pyramidal cell loss in the frontal and temporal lobes and degeneration of motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and spinal motor neurons. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] GON block decreases afferent input to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, resulting in central pain modulation and reducing neuronal hyperexcitability at the level of second-order neurons. (medscape.com)

When compared with the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the MPOA appears relatively homogeneous electrophysiologically. (korea.ac.kr)
The solitary nucleus projects to a large number of other regions of the brain including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus , the central nucleus of the amygdala , as well as other nuclei in the brainstem (such as the parabrachial area , locus coeruleus , dorsal raphe nucleus , and other visceral motor or respiratory networks). (wikipedia.org)
Both neuronal populations innervate the paraventricular nucleus, which, in turn, sends signals to other areas of the brain. (medscape.com)
Increases neuronal activity in the paraventricular nucleus. (tocris.com)

Glial cell numbers per neuron increase 12-14% The direct apposition area of glial cells with synapses expands by 19% The volume of glial cell nuclei for each synapse is higher by 37.5% The mean volume of mitochondria per neuron is 20% greater The volume of glial cell nuclei for each neuron is 63% higher Capillary density is increased. (wikipedia.org)
Regional and cellular dystrophin distribution was evaluated in both human and rat hippocampi and in rat cerebellar tissue by immunofluorescent colocalization with neuronal (NeuN and calbindin) and glial (GFAP) markers. (frontiersin.org)
By performing long-term integrated imaging in organotypic SCN explants transduced with genetically encoded bioluminescent/ fluorescent reporters of neuronal and glial function and gene expression, we were able to follow their reciprocal coordination simultaneously, for several weeks. (imperial.ac.uk)
Newborn mice inoculated by ic route: mild signs of encephalitis with edema, glial proliferation, pyknosis and karyorrhexis of neuronal nuclei. (cdc.gov)
Immunohistochemical techniques were used to quantify cell density of neuronal and glial components of the corpus striatum in eight South African Mn mine workers without clinical evidence of a movement disorder and eight age-race-gender matched, non-Mn mine workers. (cdc.gov)

Here, we show γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated inhibition of dopamine outflow from slices of the rat caudate nucleus that is regulated by extracellular glucose via high- and low-affinity K ATP channels. (uni-luebeck.de)
however, neuronal loss in the head of the caudate nucleus (CN) can be detected only on microscopic level. (hindawi.com)
We performed an exploratory, neurohistopathological study to investigate the changes in the corpus striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus) associated with chronic low-level Mn exposure in South African Mn mine workers. (cdc.gov)

Here we extend evidence in AS model mice ( Ube3a m -/ p + ) of paternal UBE3A expression within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian pacemaker. (nature.com)
We previously observed persistent expression of UBE3A in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the master circadian regulatory region in the mammalian brain, of AS model mice 15 , thus identifying a novel site for relaxation of maternal expression bias of Ube3a in the adult brain. (nature.com)
The effects of aging on neuronal activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were examined in hamsters kept under light-dark (LD) or constant light (LL) conditions. (elsevierpure.com)

These conditions are often accompanied by tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and changes in spontaneous neuronal activity (SNA). (cdc.gov)

Scholars@Duke publication: Appetitive changes during salt deprivation are paralleled by widespread neuronal adaptations in nucleus accumbens, lateral hypothalamus, and central amygdala. (duke.edu)
Because forebrain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH), central amygdala (CeA), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) are known to play an important role in this behavior, we recorded from these areas while water-deprived (WD) and salt-deprived (SD) rats performed a two-bottle choice test between 0.5 M salt (NaCl) and 0.4 M sucrose. (duke.edu)
A common neuronal ensemble in nucleus accumbens regulates pain-like behaviour and sleep. (iasp-pain.org)
Mitofusin-2 in nucleus accumbens D2-MSNs regulates social dominance and neuronal function. (epfl.ch)
eNAMPT actions through nucleus accumbens NAD+/SIRT1 link increased adiposity with sociability deficits programmed by peripuberty stress. (epfl.ch)
Ana Clara Bobadilla, a UW assistant professor in the School of Pharmacy and the WWAMI Medical Education Program, is lead author of a paper that found that the nucleus accumbens recruited by cocaine use are largely distinct from nucleus accumbens recruited by sucrose, or table sugar. (uwyo.edu)
Nucleus accumbens in the brain play a central role in the risk-reward circuit. (uwyo.edu)
In a study using genetically modified mice, a University of Wyoming faculty member found that the nucleus accumbens recruited by cocaine use are largely distinct from nucleus accumbens recruited by sucrose, or table sugar. (uwyo.edu)
Bobadilla is lead author of a paper, titled " Cocaine and Sucrose Rewards Recruit Different Seeking Ensembles in the Nucleus Accumbens Core ," that was published in the Sept. 28 issue of Molecular Psychiatry. (uwyo.edu)
They comprise 90 percent to 95 percent of the neuronal population with the nucleus accumbens. (uwyo.edu)

In animals, reinstatement of drug seeking requires activation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a part of the extended amygdala. (jneurosci.org)
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is implicated in defensive responding during uncertain threat anticipation whereas the amygdala may drive responding upon more acute danger. (jneurosci.org)

Background: Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation effectively improves parkinsonian symptoms. (utwente.nl)
Among possible targets, the non-motor subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key node of the basal ganglia circuitry, strongly connected to limbic cortical areas known to be involved in OCD. (bmj.com)
This array was implanted medial to the subthalamic nucleus, in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats (a classical animal model for Parkinson's disease), and the effects of deep brain stimulation were evaluated for 6 weeks. (lu.se)

The solitary nucleus (also called nucleus of the solitary tract , nucleus solitarius, or nucleus tractus solitarii (SN or NTS) ) [1] [2] is a series of sensory nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
Coupled to this, migraine has been hypothesized to involve a dysfunction of areas of the brainstem and diencephalon, which seem to mediate the activation, or perception of activation, of the trigeminovascular system as well as sensitization of neuronal pathways that drive trigeminovascular activation. (medscape.com)
The TCC also receives and makes projections to key areas of the brainstem involved in the processing of nociceptive information from the head, including the superior salivatory nucleus, the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and rostral ventromedial medulla. (medscape.com)
Further feedback is provided by nutrient receptors in the upper small bowel and neural signals indicating distention of the stomach's stretch receptors, which are primarily conveyed by the vagal afferent and sympathetic nerves to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the brainstem. (medscape.com)

We propose that plastic changes in the feeding-related neuronal populations of these forebrain areas arise when changes in metabolic state alter the hedonic and motivational value of a particular taste stimulus. (duke.edu)
There are two main neuronal populations in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus that are sensitive to signals indicating systemic fuel availability (e. g., leptin, ghrelin and insulin). (researchgate.net)
The experimental part involves the use of diverse AAV libraries with peptide insert modifications, designed to enhance AAV tropism and enable specific targeting of neuronal and non-neuronal populations in the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissue and cell types. (lu.se)

Most scientists accept that it involves activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular system, which includes the sensory peripheral projections to the pain-producing dura mater, and a central projection to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and its cervical extension, the trigeminocervical complex (TCC). (medscape.com)
It is thought that sensory input from the GON and the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve converges into the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, which is hypothesized to be the reason why occipital neuralgia is sometimes associated with migraine headache symptomatology. (medscape.com)

We show that three of these neuronal subtypes innervate the esophagus and stomach in regionalized patterns, where they form intraganglionic laminar endings. (bvsalud.org)

These include hypothalamic areas such as the ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and the lateral hypothalamic area, which modulate this control system. (medscape.com)
Neural brain circuits integrate information from the NTS and multiple hypothalamic nuclei to regulate overall body homeostasis. (medscape.com)
It is a well-defined afferent satiety factor that suppresses appetite by affecting the hypothalamic nuclei regulating appetite [3] . (researchgate.net)

The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, which is located between the third ventricle and the median eminence, integrates these energy homeostatic feedback mechanisms. (medscape.com)

In animal models, it has been demonstrated that the central afferent projection to the trigeminal nucleus, using stimulation of the dura mater, also extends to the C2 and C3 regions of the cervical spinal cord, [ 9-13 ] which have been collectively described as the trigeminocervical complex (TCC). (medscape.com)

A basic difference between HD pathology in human and tgHD51 rats is in the rate of NDP progression that originates primarily from slow neuronal degeneration consequently resulting in lesser extent of concomitant reactive gliosis in the brain of tgHD51 rats. (hindawi.com)
In affected patients, neuronal degeneration initiates in the striatum and progresses to the cerebral cortex, following a pattern that correlates to clinical progression of HD. (medscape.com)
The genetic mutation is theorized to cause an imbalance between free radical production and removal, resulting in the subsequent neuronal degeneration and neurotransmitter decline. (medscape.com)

Neuronal plasticity in the septal nuclei of the adult rat. (bvsalud.org)

Alternatively, cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.01% of saponin solution in PBS and stained using fluorophore-conjugated antibodies against β-tubulin III (TUJ-1) neuronal marker (1:100 dilution). (moleculardevices.com)

However, understanding exactly how such molecular and cellular actions of ACh translate into modulation of the network activity of neuronal ensembles in vivo has been challenging, in part due to the vast complexity of native circuits. (springer.com)

Electrophysiological recordings analyzed with respect to the onset of licking clusters revealed the presence of both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal responses during salt and/or sucrose consumption. (duke.edu)
Thus, ACh modulates network dynamics in a biphasic fashion, probably by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission and facilitating neuronal excitability through muscarinic signaling pathways. (springer.com)

Conclusions: Our study supports the hypothesis that the presence of tremor is associated with a distinctive neuronal oscillations pattern. (utwente.nl)

The study discovered neuronal circuits underlying the psychotherapeutic method. (sciencedaily.com)
Microelectrode cluster technology for precise interactions with neuronal circuits. (lu.se)
Dive into the research topics of 'Microelectrode cluster technology for precise interactions with neuronal circuits. (lu.se)

In contrast, VPS4 expression is significantly increased in ALS neuronal nuclei prior to the emergence of nuclear pore injury in a CHMP7 dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
The results demonstrated that Vitexin pretreatment significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis, and inhibited caspase‑3 activity, apoptosis regulator BAX protein expression and malondialdehyde levels in sevoflurane‑induced newborn rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
Conversely, when blue laser light stimulated the neuronal activities in the SC-MD pathway, mice showed significantly reduced freezing without fear relapses. (sciencedaily.com)
The addition of a layer of melting ice decreased the insertion force by approximately 50%, significantly reduced neuronal loss, as well as the astrocytic response, but did not have any obvious effect on microglial activation. (lu.se)

Takeda et al have shown that ALS pathology initiated by cytoplasmic inclusions and neuronal loss in layer II-III of the transentorhinal cortex (TEC)-molecular dentate gyrus (DG) projection and subiculum is specific to ALS. (medscape.com)

The present study aimed to investigate whether the protective effect of vitexin protects against sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms of this protective effect. (spandidos-publications.com)
Together, the results of the current study suggest that the protective effect of vitexin reduces sevoflurane‑induced neuronal apoptosis through HIF‑1α‑, VEGF‑ and p38‑associated signaling pathways in newborn rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
Evidence also indicates the presence of inappropriate neuronal apoptosis in persons with HD. (medscape.com)

Here, we analysed 80,660 single-nucleus transcriptomes from the prefrontal cortex of 48 individuals with varying degrees of Alzheimer's disease pathology. (nature.com)

This model was created by injecting cholera toxin B conjugated to saporin (CTB-SAP) into the genioglossus muscle of the tongue base for retrograde transport to the hypoglossal (XII) nucleus via the hypoglossal nerve, which provides the sole motor control of the tongue. (bvsalud.org)

These observations demonstrate a variable onset of imprinting across brain regions, likely related to differences in the timing of neuronal differentiation. (nature.com)
Overall, snmC-seq allows for the large-scale multiplex sequencing of sorted neuronal nuclei that is needed to gain insight into the diverse cell types of the brain. (epigenie.com)
Anatomic sections of the human brain have also shown the presence of lamellae in the red nucleus (2) . (ajnr.org)
When combined with an HS, an UCCAO is associated with ischemic neuronal injury in the ipsilateral hemisphere of adult rat brain, which can be attenuated by therapeutic hypothermia. (medsci.org)
The balance of energy intake and expenditure by the brain relies on the complex integration of signals originating in the periphery with those from diffuse neuronal networks within the brain itself. (medscape.com)
Deterioration of long-lived proteins on the surface of neuronal nuclei in the brain could lead to age-related defects in nervous function. (the-scientist.com)
Flexible microelectrodes that cause less implantation injury and which can follow the micromotions of the brain have been considered as a solution to achieve stable neuronal recordings and stimulations. (lu.se)
Following acoustic trauma, MEMRI, the SNA index, showed evidence of spatially dependent rearrangement of Mn2+ uptake within specific brain nuclei (i.e., reorganization). (cdc.gov)
This activity results when input from the auditory pathway (cochlea, auditory nerve, brain stem nuclei, auditory cortex) is disrupted or altered in some manner. (msdmanuals.com)

Encephalopathy in 1A, nucleus of the solitary tract), and many other CNS structures. (cdc.gov)

High-resolution time-lapse observation of migrating murine cerebellar granule cells revealed that the nucleus actively rotates along the direction of its translocation, independently of centrosome motion. (biologists.com)
Since various bands of fibers (fibers of the fasciculus retroflexus, rootlets of the oculomotor nerve, and fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle) pass through the red nucleus (3, 4) , it has been proposed that these myelinated fiber bundles constitute the lamellae (1) . (ajnr.org)
Blue is used to signify the dual loop of cerebellar interaction, one loop though cerebellar nucleus and another through cerebellar cortex. (scholarpedia.org)

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify distinctive characteristics of STN neuronal activity related to tremor by directly comparing tremor sides with no-tremor sides. (utwente.nl)
These results suggest that deterioration of SCN neuronal activity in old hamsters assessed as reduction of daytime activity may reflect changes in the interaction between SCN clocks and the overt behaviors and/or pacemaking properties of SCN cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we investigated how ACh influences reverberatory activity in cultured neuronal networks. (springer.com)
Subjective tinnitus is thought to be caused by abnormal neuronal activity in the auditory cortex. (msdmanuals.com)

Tissue samples will be collected from mammalian species, ranging from rodents to non-human primates (NHPs), and subjected to various sequencing methods, including bulk sequencing of tissue samples, 10X single nuclei sequencing, and Parse Bio single nuclei sequencing. (lu.se)

We propose that the hypoxia-induced increase in intranuclear Ca(2+) is due to altered nuclear membrane Ca(2+)-influx mechanisms and will lead to Ca(2+)-mediated alteration of apoptotic gene expression as well as Ca(2+)-dependent activation of endonucleases that result in DNA fragmentation and subsequent programmed neuronal cell death. (eurekamag.com)

Reorganization of Mn2+ uptake in the superior olivary complex and cochlear nucleus was dependent upon tinnitus status. (cdc.gov)

hence, loss of the maternal allele largely eliminates neuronal expression of UBE3A protein. (nature.com)
However, the molecular events leading to this pathological phenomenon characterized by the reduction of specific nucleoporins from neuronal nuclear pore complexes remain largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)

The ESCRT-III pathway functions to remodel membranes during multiple cellular processes including nuclear and plasma membrane repair, neuronal pruning, endosomal and exosomal trafficking, cell division, and multivesicular body formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Transport to the nucleus may involve specific protein-to-protein interactions that occur in certain cell types only, possibly explaining the selective neuronal vulnerability present in patients with HD. (medscape.com)
The MATR3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called matrin 3, which is found in the nucleus of the cell as part of the nuclear matrix. (medlineplus.gov)

In yeast and non-neuronal mammalian cells, nuclear relocalization of CHMP7 has been shown to recruit the ESCRT-III proteins CHMP4B, CHMP2B, and VPS4 to facilitate nuclear pore complex and nuclear envelope repair and homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
To assess neuronal viability, cells were stained live using a mixture of three dyes: the viability dye Calcein AM (1 µM), the mitochondria potential dye MitoTracker Orange (1 µM), and the Hoechst nuclear dye (2 µM). (moleculardevices.com)
a neuronal specific nuclear protein in vertebrates. (xenbase.org)
The nuclear matrix is a network of proteins that provides structural support for the nucleus and aids in several important nuclear functions. (medlineplus.gov)
The fate of dsRNA in the nucleus: a p54(nrb)-containing complex mediates the nuclear retention of promiscuously A-to-I edited RNAs. (medlineplus.gov)

In fact, the latter forms the bulk of the human red nucleus and can be subdivided histologically by two medullary lamellae into three parts. (ajnr.org)
Because iron is deposited in the human red nucleus and gradient-echo sequences are more sensitive than spin-echo sequences in the detection of iron, a high-resolution gradient-echo MR sequence was used in this study to determine whether the medullary lamellae of the normal human red nucleus could be detected in vivo. (ajnr.org)
High-resolution gradient-echo MR imaging is capable of depicting the medullary lamellae of the normal human red nucleus in vivo. (ajnr.org)
Histologically, the parvicellular subnucleus of the human red nucleus can be divided into three parts by medullary lamellae: the pars oralis, the pars dorsomedialis, and the pars caudalis (1) ( Figs 1 and 2 ). (ajnr.org)
To the best of our knowledge, the medullary lamellae in the red nucleus have not previously been demonstrated by means of a noninvasive imaging technique. (ajnr.org)

In grade 1, neuronal loss is accompanied by reactive gliosis, which is evident primarily in the head and tail, less in the body of CN. (hindawi.com)
In grade 4, neuronal loss is a keystone (reaches 95%) and therefore the medial part of the CN is concave. (hindawi.com)

abstract = "The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN‐POA) is larger in male than in female rats, the male phenotype requiring the presence of circulating androgens perinatally. (korea.ac.kr)

While the genetic underpinnings and pathological hallmarks of ALS are increasingly well defined, the molecular mechanisms that lead to neuronal dysfunction and end-stage pathology remain understudied. (biomedcentral.com)

Since epilepsy is also supposed to constitute a comorbidity of DMD, it is hypothesized that dystrophin plays a role in neuronal excitability. (frontiersin.org)

Organ specific regions of neuronal architecture are preserved in the solitary nucleus. (wikipedia.org)

Possibly, the abnormal huntingtin protein undergoes proteolysis and is then transported to the nucleus, where it undergoes aggregation. (medscape.com)
The effect of the S85C mutation on the function of the matrin 3 protein is unknown, although one study indicates that the mutation may change the location of the protein in the nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)

Paternal UBE3A-positive cells in the SCN show partial colocalization with the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) and clock proteins (PER2 and BMAL1), supporting that paternal UBE3A expression in the SCN is often of neuronal origin. (nature.com)

The other neuronal population releases the anorexigenic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and pro-opiomelanocortin neurotransmitters, both of which inhibit feeding. (medscape.com)

[ 14 , 15 ] It is thought that the anatomical transition from the trigeminal nucleus to the cervical spinal cord represents a functional continuum and it is likely that inputs to the TCC can explain the common distribution of pain in migraine in frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital and higher cervical regions. (medscape.com)

Anatomy92

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Paraventricular nucleus4

Glial5

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Suprachiasmatic nucleus3

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Amygdala2

Subthalamic3

Brainstem4

Populations3

Trigeminal nucleus caudalis2

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