Neuromuscular spindles. Medical search. Frequent questions

Muscle spindles are the primary proprioceptive sensory receptors and are present in almost all skeletal muscles. (recherche-myologie.fr)
Muscle spindles provide proprioceptive information required for motor control. (biomedcentral.com)
The current study incorporates proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation-irradiation along with surge faradic therapy, a combination of physical treatment that works on muscle spasticity and strength. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
There is ample amount of literature available on the treatment of hemiplegic hand in cerebral palsy, but this report has concentrated on the precision of treatment protocol according to patients need, which include the combination of surge faradic stimulation and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) irradiation. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques involve taking advantage of various neuromuscular principles such as actively engaging a muscle against a resistance and then relaxing it to create a stretch. (yoganatomy.com)

Neuromuscular spindles and Golgi receptors. (uninsubria.eu)
The rest are sensory in nature, although the largest sensory receptors, the neuromuscular spindles, have a motor supply of their own. (medscape.com)
Acetylcholine receptors in the equatorial region of intrafusal muscle fibres modulate mouse muscle spindle sensitivity. (recherche-myologie.fr)
Like other reflex therapies, the role of the spindle cells and other receptors of the skin, fascia, muscles, and joints is primordial. (thepracticenw.com)
[ 4 ] MG is caused by autoantibodies to postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (anti-AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction, causing weakness of skeletal muscles. (medscape.com)

They constitute the muscle spindle, and are innervated by both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers. (wikipedia.org)
These results show alterations in muscle spindle afferent responses in dystrophic mouse muscles, which might cause an increased muscle tone, and might contribute to the unstable gait and frequent falls observed in patients with muscular dystrophy. (recherche-myologie.fr)
To improve neuromuscular synchronization of the afferent/efferent pathways between the muscle spindles and central nervous system and desensitizing the Golgi tendon organ (GTO), which will then allow the organism to absorb high levels of force all while not triggering the over protective mother (GTO). (markettrillion.com)

Synapses and neuromuscular junction. (uninsubria.eu)
Development of the myotomal neuromuscular junction in Xenopus laevis: an electrophysiological and fine-structural study. (xenbase.org)
It contributes to synaptic transmission and development at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. (nih.gov)
Muscles contain the synaptic connection between lower motor neurons and muscle fibers, i.e., the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as well as specialized sensory nerve endings (e.g., muscle spindles). (frontiersin.org)

In addition to these autoantibodies, patients with thymoma-associated MG produce autoantibodies to various neuromuscular antigens, including antibodies to the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor of sarcoplasmic reticulum) and antibodies to cytoplasmic filamentous proteins (particularly titin) or neurofilaments. (medscape.com)

There was a time when it was believed that through the activation of the Muscle Spindle / Golgi-Tendon complex within all muscle / tendon units, greater flexibility could be achieved. (kreetankhabar.com)
This hypothesis has experimental support, as skeletal muscle fatigue has been shown to reduce inhibitory input to alpha motor neurons from the Golgi Tendon Apparatus and to increase excitatory input from the muscle spindles in animal models. (physiotutors.com)

The advantages of a γ-fusimotor system to control spindle sensitivity independently of force-generating extrafusal muscle fibers are not fully understood, nor are the mechanisms that generate the distinct γ- and α-MN subtypes in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)

When the receptor portion of the muscle spindle is stretched slowly, the number of impulses transmitted from both the primary & secondary endings increases virtually in proportion to the degree of stretch. (positivehealth.com)
The dynamic stretch reflex is caused by the potent dynamic signal transmitted via the primary endings of the muscle spindles. (positivehealth.com)
At the larval stage 57 (Nieuwkoop and Faber 1967), muscle spindles were first identified primarily by the presence of sensory endings associated with a thin bundle of myotubes, e.g. intrafusal (IF) myotubes which were partly invested by a single cellular layer. (xenbase.org)
Sensory endings were smaller in size and in number per spindle than those in the adult, forming irregular beaded chains with occasional tubular expansions. (xenbase.org)
Unique sensory endings in rat muscle spindles. (xenbase.org)
Muscle spindle units , which have both sensory capacities (the anulospiral nerve endings coiled around their midsections) and length-changing capacities (myosin-actin sarcomeres on both ends). (jobsbody.com)

According to Dr. Keith DeOrio, your entire skeletal structure is affected by vibration platforms and "Your muscle spindles fire secondary to the mechanical stimulation produced by the vibrating plate, and this rapid firing of the muscle spindle causes a neuromuscular response that leads to physiological changes in your brain as well as your entire body. (orthopedicsurgerysandiego.com)
The main problem is that neuromuscular fatigue was found to occur in animals with stimulation at high frequencies (>100 Hz), but normal human muscle frequencies are usually lower than 30 Hz, which means it's unclear if human muscles become stimulated enough in physical activity to reach levels of fatigue that would bring about EAMC. (pranaphysiotherapy.ca)
The neuromuscular system reacts to this stimulation by a chain of rapid muscle contractions which result in entire-body vibration. (internalharmonywc.com)

The neuromuscular theory claims that muscle overload and neuromuscular fatigue cause an imbalance between excitatory impulses from muscle spindles (a sensory end organ) and inhibitory impulses from Golgi tendon organs (GTOs- sensory nerve endings). (pranaphysiotherapy.ca)
Specifically, muscle overload and fatigue engender an imbalance of the excitatory drive from muscle spindles and the inhibitory drive to the alpha motor neuron, which ultimately produces a localized cramp. (physiotutors.com)

Postnatal increase of intrafusal fibers in the rat muscle spindle. (xenbase.org)
The total number and the overall structure of muscle spindles in soleus muscles of the dystrophic mice appeared unchanged, demonstrating that intrafusal fibers are less affected by the degeneration compared to extrafusal fibers. (recherche-myologie.fr)
Immunohistochemical analyses of wildtype muscle spindles revealed a concentration of dystrophin and b-dystroglycan in intrafusal fibers outside the region of contact to the sensory neuron. (recherche-myologie.fr)
Gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs) selectively innervate muscle spindle intrafusal fibers and regulate their sensitivity to stretch. (biomedcentral.com)
Fusimotor axons originate either from gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs), which only innervate intrafusal fibers of the muscle spindle, or from alpha motor neurons (α-MNs), which innervate extrafusal muscle and also send a β-skeletofusimotor collateral axon to innervate the muscle spindle [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Unlike other mechanoreceptors, the sensitivity of muscle spindles is actively regulated by a specialized fusimotor system. (biomedcentral.com)
This allows for continuous control of the mechanical sensitivity of spindles over the wide range of lengths and velocities that occur during normal motor behaviors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetically, γ-MNs are best developed in mammals, whereas lower vertebrates (for example, amphibians) use a β-skeletofusimotor system alone to control the sensitivity of their muscle spindles. (biomedcentral.com)

Muscle spindles emit sensory nerve impulses all the time when they are stretched the rate of firing increases, when they are shortened the rate of firing decreases. (positivehealth.com)

In many neuromuscular diseases, movement is impaired, although the mechanism remains elusive. (recherche-myologie.fr)
In the last third of the book the authors set forth their clinical classification of neuromuscular diseases. (jamanetwork.com)

As this stretch refex is answerable for muscular tonus, hypertonia develops afecting mainly the antigravity muscle tissue (extensions of the decrease limbs and fexors of the upper limbs), since these comprise more neuromuscular spindles than their antagonist muscles. (ehd.org)
To investigate, if proprioception is affected in dystrophic muscles, we analyzed muscle spindle number, morphology and function in wildtype mice and in murine models for two distinct types of muscular dystrophy with very different disease etiology, i.e. dystrophin- (DMDmdx) and dysferlin-deficient mice. (recherche-myologie.fr)

Thus sudden stretch of muscle spindles is all that is required to elicit a stretch reflex. (positivehealth.com)
3Hz to 50Hz) This movement produces mechanical oscillations with an average cycle length of about 40 msec, which is the time required to induce a natural monosynaptic stretching reflex in the respective muscle via the muscle spindle during one up and down vertical movement. (internalharmonywc.com)
2009) popularized the idea that cramps occur due to an altered reflex control mechanism in response to neuromuscular fatigue. (physiotutors.com)

Development of muscle spindles deprived of fusimotor innervation. (xenbase.org)

The two main schools of thought on EAMC are the dehydration-electrolyte imbalance theory and neuromuscular theory. (pranaphysiotherapy.ca)

This was confirmed experimentally using paraspinal muscle vibration which is known to alter proprioception of the muscle spindle organs. (cdc.gov)

The control of force and its variability are often considered determinants of motor performance and neuromuscular control. (uqtr.ca)

Morphogenesis of rat muscle spindles after nerve lesion during early postnatal development. (xenbase.org)
With these markers of γ-MN identity, we show after conditional elimination of GDNF from muscle spindles that the survival of γ-MNs is selectively dependent on spindle-derived GDNF during the first 2 weeks of postnatal development. (biomedcentral.com)

Gamma c motor neurons, which transmit impulses to special skeletal muscle fibres, called intrafusal fibres, part of the muscle spindle. (positivehealth.com)

Neuromuscular efficiency (NME) is a variable that evaluates the relationship between the amount of neural stimuli and the ability to generate force of in a given muscle, with the most efficient being the one that produces greater. (researchgate.net)
A prolonged amortization phase results in less than optimal neuromuscular efficiency from a loss of elastic potential energy. (beautiflworid.com)

Orthopedic massage incorporates a light version of deep tissue, neuromuscular therapy and stretching. (massageandhealingdfw.com)

Each muscle spindle is built around 3-10 small intrafusal muscle fibres attached to the sheaths of the surrounding extrafusal skeletal muscle fibres, the ends of which are excited by small gamma efferent motor nerve fibres. (positivehealth.com)

This form of stretching has been shown to be short-term only without any current research that indicates that neuromuscular stretching increases long-term flexibility. (kreetankhabar.com)
This phase increases muscle spindle activity by pre-stretching the muscle before activation. (beautiflworid.com)

Deletion of GDNF expression from muscle spindles results in the selective elimination of γ-MNs with preservation of the spindle and its sensory innervation. (biomedcentral.com)

So what are the risk factors for altered neuromuscular control? (physiotutors.com)

Sensory fibres originate in this area and are stimulated by stretch of this mid-portion of the spindle. (positivehealth.com)

The results were compared with the formative process of mammalian spindles. (xenbase.org)
Loss of muscle spindles also results in the downregulation of Gfrα1 expression in some large diameter MNs, suggesting that spindle-derived factors may also influence populations of α-MNs with β-skeletofusimotor collaterals. (biomedcentral.com)

We use a variety of experimental perturbations of the neuromuscular system in order to understand its adaptive potential and to define the physiological mechanisms that induce these adaptations. (ucla.edu)
There are many important, but unanswered questions about the plasticity of the neuromuscular system. (ucla.edu)

the number of neuromuscular events occurring between stimulus and response, or intention and execution, is vast and takes place on molecular levels. (jobsbody.com)

Development and regeneration of mammalian muscle spindles. (xenbase.org)
The early development of muscle spindles in the rat. (xenbase.org)
Stages in the development of cat muscle spindles. (xenbase.org)
Development of the neuromuscular spindle. (xenbase.org)

The initial formation of muscle spindles was studied with electron microscopy using the toe muscle of Xenopus laevis. (xenbase.org)

Histological and histochemical observations on the capsule of the muscle spindle in normal and denervated muscle. (xenbase.org)

Pain "spindles'' in central neuropathic pain: An objective index of pain? (ox.ac.uk)

The Bowen Technique is a neuromuscular reflexo-therapy. (thepracticenw.com)

1. Muscle spindles that detect change in muscle fibre length & rate of change in length. (positivehealth.com)
Thus the major difference between the GTO and the muscle spindle is the spindle detects relative muscle length & the GTO detects muscle tension. (positivehealth.com)

The vesicles may be involved in the neuronal influence upon the spindle differentiation. (xenbase.org)

The fine structure of developing muscle spindles in the rat. (xenbase.org)

Using this knowledge we characterized genetic strategies to label developing γ-MNs based on GDNF receptor expression, showed their strict dependence for survival on muscle spindle-derived GDNF and generated an animal model in which γ-MNs are selectively lost. (biomedcentral.com)

Single-unit extracellular recordings of sensory afferents from muscle spindles of the extensor digitorum longus muscle revealed that muscle spindles from both dystrophic mouse strains have an increased resting discharge and a higher action potential firing rate during sinusoidal vibrations. (recherche-myologie.fr)

Anatomy43

Organisms20

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs68

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care1

Proprioceptive5

Receptors5

Afferent3

Junction4

Various neuromuscular1

Golgi2

Extrafusal muscle1

Endings6

Stimulation3

Muscle overload2

Intrafusal fibers5

Sensitivity3

Sensory nerve1

Diseases2

Muscles2

Reflex3

Fusimotor1

Imbalance1

Proprioception1

Variability1

Postnatal development2

Impulses1

Efficiency2

Incorporates1

Gamma1

Increases2

Elimination1

Control1

Stretch1

Results2

System2

Response1

Development4

Formation1

Normal1

Pain1

Therapy1

Length2

Influence1

Structure1

Animal1

Mouse1