AutophagyNerve DegenerationNeurodegenerative DiseasesPhagosomesMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsPantothenate Kinase-Associated NeurodegenerationNeuronsLysosomesBrainDisease Models, AnimalCell DeathApoptosis Regulatory Proteinstau ProteinsAlzheimer DiseaseHeredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous SystemApoptosisMice, TransgenicTOR Serine-Threonine Kinasesalpha-SynucleinUbiquitin-Activating EnzymesParkinson DiseaseNeuroprotective AgentsMicrogliaSignal TransductionTauopathiesMitochondriaHuntington DiseaseModels, BiologicalNerve Tissue ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesDopaminergic NeuronsOxidative StressCell SurvivalMutationMice, Inbred C57BLClass III Phosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesVacuolesInclusion BodiesMice, KnockoutProteostasis DeficienciesGliosisMembrane ProteinsCells, CulturedAdenineMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionSubstantia NigraCell Line, TumorAnimals, Genetically ModifiedProteolysisReactive Oxygen SpeciesParkinsonian DisordersAgingNeurotoxinsHippocampusMitochondrial DegradationUbiquitinNeurofibrillary TanglesLysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2Spinocerebellar AtaxiasBlotting, WesternNiemann-Pick Disease, Type CSirolimusAstrocytesAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisRNA, Small InterferingRNA InterferenceDopamineNeurotoxicity SyndromesNeuroaxonal DystrophiesCytoprotectionDrosophilaMice, Neurologic MutantsCell LineAmyloid beta-Protein PrecursorEndoplasmic Reticulum StressProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexGreen Fluorescent ProteinsPrion Diseases1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineGene Knockdown TechniquesGene Expression RegulationDrosophila ProteinsIron Metabolism DisordersProtein TransportImmunohistochemistryCaspase 3Corpus StriatumKainic AcidChloroquineTrinucleotide Repeat ExpansionDrosophila melanogasterPurkinje CellsNeurogliaCerebral CortexSilver StainingPhosphorylationPhenotypeProteinsRats, Sprague-DawleyMPTP Poisoning