• Here, we report that Gβγ, an important component of the GPCR pathway, is critical for NGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clearly, morphological differentiation of PC12 cells involves the activation of multiple pathways by NGF. (reactome.org)
  • The data show p53 protein was transcriptionally activated and contributed to NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth during differentiation of PC12 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been shown in vitro that this protein is able to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • The experiment will finishes with two years including (1) fabrication of three-dimensional porous membrane and its coated with functional natural biopolymer, (2) measurement and characterization of the obtained electrospun membranes in physico-chemical properties, (3) the cytotoxicity and in vitro study of the obtained membrane, and (4) the gene expression and the immunocytochemistry of cultured cell on the membranes. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Therefore, this engineered protein adsorption approach allows for the facile preparation of tunable, quantifiable, and reproducible surfaces for in vitro studies of cell-ligand interactions and for potential application as coatings on neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
  • In primary cultures of mouse embryonic day 14 (E14) striatum, maintained in vitro for 24 hr, 12% of the cells responded to FGF-2, whereas no response to EGF could be detected. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Priming of striatal cells for 24 hr with FGF-2 but not with EGF was sufficient to induce the appearance of EGF- and FGF-2 responsive cells after only 2 d in vitro. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Thus, neural precursor cells from the mouse E14 striatum initially responding to FGF-2 only acquire EGF responsiveness later during in vitro development. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Curator answer:'''The paper talks about how Wnt7a alter the ratio between asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions of satellite stem cells in vitro. (geneontology.org)
  • 1394). 'Effects of different culture media on optimization of primary neuronal cell culture for in vitro models assay', , 9(3), pp. 163-170. (ac.ir)
  • Here, we evaluated neurite outgrowth and neurological functional recovery using simulated models of ICH with HHcy in vitro and in vivo. (bmj.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as well as heterotrimeric G proteins are also involved in regulating neurite outgrowth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altogether, our results demonstrate that βγ subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins play a critical role in neurite outgrowth and differentiation by interacting with MTs and modulating MT rearrangement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In cell adhesion laminin-111 and other isoforms are important proteins that anchor cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM). (wikipedia.org)
  • I later joined the doctoral program in pathobiology at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), where my dissertation focused on studying how intracellular signaling molecules called G proteins regulate the assembly and organization of the neuronal cytoskeleton, using neuronal cells in culture. (chatham.edu)
  • We also observed that ASK1DeltaN induced expression of several neuron-specific proteins and phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins, confirming that PC12 cells differentiated into mature neuronal cells by ASK1. (nih.gov)
  • Such processes require membrane traffic to particular domains of the cell surface, in order to insert proteins at restricted regions of the membrane, to enlarge particular regions of the cell membrane, or to signal asymmetrically to neighboring cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • Neurons generate their polarity by directing membrane traffic to growing neurites and growth cones, and by sorting proteins differentially between the axon and dendrites. (sdbonline.org)
  • Within neurons, multiple pathways are known to transport proteins and transmitters to the cell surface. (sdbonline.org)
  • Two important pathways were examined in the current study: (1) a basic pathway of exocytosis that brings new proteins to the cell surface and permits the cell to grow, and (2) synaptic transmission, a specialized form of exocytosis, regulated by Ca 2+ entry, in which vesicles already present at synapses fuse with the membrane and recycle locally (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • This Review addresses single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments conducted on proteins with a known role in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in eukaryotic cells. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • A nanoscale modular design strategy was employed to synthesize six engineered, recombinant proteins intended to mimic aspects of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, and elastin as well as the cell-cell adhesive protein neural cell adhesion molecule. (frontiersin.org)
  • Proteins that act both at the cell surface and intracellularly will be discussed in this thesis, with particular emphasis on the fibroblast growth factors. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • The FGFs are heparin -binding proteins and interactions with cell-surface associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans has been shown to be essential for FGF signal transduction. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Cell proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and probed with anti-phospho (ser)-MARCKS (myristoylated alanin-rich protein kinase C substrate). (alomone.com)
  • In conclusion, these data suggest that PKC activity regulates the levels of the GAP-43 mRNA in PC12 cells through a novel, translation-independent mRNA stabilization mechanism. (rupress.org)
  • RasGRP1 regulates antigen-induced developmental programming by naive CD8 T cells. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Together, our results demonstrate how UBTOR regulates cell growth and neoplasia via mTOR signaling. (archive.org)
  • Together, these results suggest that, in neurons, the GAKIN-PIP 3 BP complex transports PIP 3 to the neurite ends and regulates neuronal polarity formation. (silverchair.com)
  • We report here that SMN deficiency, induced in the astroglioma cell line U87MG after lentiviral transduction with a shSMN construct, was associated with an increase in the expression of the main components of Notch signaling pathway, namely its ligands, Jagged1 and Delta1, the Notch receptor and its active intracellular form (NICD). (mdpi.com)
  • This can either occur by cell surface receptor interactions, as in the case with peptide growth factors, or by interactions with intracellular molecules, as in the case with steroid hormones. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • It enables the scrutinization of intracellular signaling pathways responsible for cell death. (ac.ir)
  • Studies in developing rodents indicate that nicotine is a neuroteratogen that disrupts brain development by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that control neural cell replication and differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Notch signaling is a cell-cell communication system well known as a master regulator of neural development, but also with important roles in the adult central nervous system. (mdpi.com)
  • The excessive activation of AhR resulted in neural differentiation of Neuro2a cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) derived from the cranial neural crest are significant in tooth development and dental mineralization. (researchsquare.com)
  • Peripherin is a neural intermediate filament protein that is expressed in peripheral and enteric neurons, as well as in PC12 cells. (northwestern.edu)
  • Of specific interest is the role that nanoscale cell-surface interactions play in the biocompatibility of neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induce the proliferation of neural precursor cells isolated from specific regions of the embryonic and adult brain. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Mouse=== *'''Mouse''': Do you recommend propagating the Wnt10a GO:0014033 "neural crest cell differentiation" IDA from PMID 17286598 (MGI 3712614) to the rest of the Wnt10a's? (geneontology.org)
  • Here, we used the σR1-knockout mouse ( Sigmar1 −/− ) to demonstrate unambiguously the role of the σR1 in protecting the retinal ganglion cells against degeneration after acute damage to the optic nerve. (molvis.org)
  • Retinal ganglion cell death was induced by acute optic nerve crush in wild-type and Sigmar1 −/− mice. (molvis.org)
  • Quantification of cells remaining after optic nerve crush showed that 86.8±7.9% cells remained in the wild-type ganglion cell layer, but only 68.3±3.4% survived in the Sigmar1 −/− , demonstrating a significant difference between the wild-type and the Sigmar1 −/− in crush-induced ganglion cell loss. (molvis.org)
  • Our data indicated faster retinal ganglion cell death in Sigmar1 −/− than in wild-type mice under the stresses caused by optic nerve crush, providing direct evidence for a role of the σR1 in alleviating retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • So, the goal of this research grant will establish an experiment model for development of tissue engineering to find out the influence of cell behaviors and gene expression via control on signal factors or/and scaffold design by a model matrix for nerve regeneration which we will do. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • We expect these obtained results could establish an optimized solution of nerve-guiding cell model to develop the further artificial peripheral nerve system. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • We have previously shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) selectively stabilizes the GAP-43 mRNA in PC12 cells. (rupress.org)
  • We studied the transcriptional role of p53 during nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of the PC12 line into neuron-like cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, indices of cell loss (reduced DNA), cell size and neuritic outgrowth (protein/DNA and membrane/total protein ratios) were distinct for each region and did not necessarily follow the rank order of nAChR upregulation, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms such as oxidative stress. (nature.com)
  • Additionally, upregulation of pCAMK2A significantly increased neurite outgrowth recovery in ICH with HHcy. (bmj.com)
  • ASK1DeltaN-induced neurite outgrowth was strongly inhibited by treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 but not with the MEK inhibitors, suggesting that activation of p38, rather than of ERK, is required for the neurite-inducing activity of ASK1 in PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
  • The phorbol ester-induced stabilization of GAP-43 mRNA was blocked by the protein kinase inhibitor polymyxin B and was partially inhibited by dexamethasone, an agent that blocks GAP-43 expression and neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. (rupress.org)
  • We showed that the TopII inhibitor ICRF-193 significantly blocked neurite outgrowth and growth cone formation in cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) and cortical neurons (CNs). (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The application of H89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, attenuated jujube-induced neurite outgrowth and neurofilament expression of the cultures. (edu.hk)
  • Large Compact disc163+/Compact disc68+ and Compact disc204+/Compact disc68+ Vorapaxar inhibitor cell ratios had been considerably connected with shorter general survival and time-to-AE in IPF patients. (health-ground.com)
  • For example, the PI3K/AKT pathway is used by laminin-111 (promotes cell-survival), 511 (prevents apoptosis with laminin 521), and 521 (stabilizes pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • p53 is recognized as a critical regulator of the cell cycle and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We hypothesized that p53 contributed to PC12 differentiation through the regulation of gene targets distinct from its known transcriptional targets for apoptosis or DNA repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tumor suppressor p53 is recognized as a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and apoptosis, incorporating signals from DNA damage and other cellular stressors to decide cell fate [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isolated cortical neurons from top2β knockout embryos elaborated shorter neurites than did those from their wild type counterparts, confirming the role of TopIIβ in neurite outgrowth. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Primary cortical cultures neurite outgrowth and neuron numbers per field of common mediums were compared for neuronal cells isolation and expansion. (ac.ir)
  • Once PI3K is activated, it will localize AKT that is in the cytoplasm to the cell membrane where AKT is then phosphorylated to promote cell survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • ASK1 thus appears to mediate signals leading to both differentiation and survival of PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
  • FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. (thermofisher.com)
  • Alomone Labs K252a inhibits NGF-mediated survival of serum-deprived PC12 cells. (alomone.com)
  • Dose-response curve of K252a (#K-150) inhibition of the 100 ng/ml Native mouse NGF 2.5S protein (>95%) (#N-100) mediated survival of serum-deprived PC12 cells. (alomone.com)
  • While many signals are known to drive neuronal outgrowth, it is the assembly and disassembly of cytoskeletal structures embodied within neurite extension and growth cone formation that are essential for establishing appropriate synaptic connections and signal transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data demonstrate that peripherin particles and squiggles can move as components of a rapid transport system capable of delivering cytoskeletal subunits to the most distal regions of neurites over relatively short time periods. (northwestern.edu)
  • I only feel comfortable to annotate it to GO:0030010: "establishment of cell polarity" and GO:0016055 "Wnt receptor signaling pathway" since I don't see any evidence from the paper to say it "activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity", as it states in the definition of GO:0060071. (geneontology.org)
  • In further support of a role of Gβγ-MT interaction in neuronal differentiation, it was observed that overexpression of Gβγ in PC12 cells induced neurite outgrowth in the absence of added NGF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • UBTOR depletion activates mTOR signaling and promotes cell growth, whilst UBTOR overexpression suppresses colony formation in cancer cell lines. (archive.org)
  • The pathway begins with the adhesion of the cell to the ECM for activation of the lipid-associated PI3K. (wikipedia.org)
  • pointed out that Mage-D1 may participate in the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the differentiation of odontoblasts through the NF-κB signalling pathway 21 . (researchsquare.com)
  • Activation of GPR4 by acidosis increases endothelial cell adhesion through the cAMP/Epac pathway. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Stimulated PC12m3 cells also exhibited heightened activity of the p38 MAPK pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Without a basement membrane cells have nowhere to attach and all dependent activities such as cell migration and epithelial formation can no longer occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • Directed membrane traffic is essential for many developmental processes, including cell growth, cytokinesis and signaling between cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • The identification, therefore, of the molecules required for directed membrane traffic will be important for understanding organismal development and cell-cell signaling (Murthy, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
  • While the bud is growing, there is almost no increase in the surface area of the mother cell, indicating that all membrane addition occurs at the bud tip. (sdbonline.org)
  • The exocyst complex marks these areas of membrane addition, localizing to the bud tip of a growing daughter cell and the bud neck at the time of cytokinesis. (sdbonline.org)
  • Thus, the exocyst complex in yeast may provide a model for the directed membrane traffic of developing cells in higher organisms (Murthy, 2004 and references therein). (sdbonline.org)
  • This protein is required for many aspects of membrane traffic within neurons, including the elaboration of neurites, but the release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is independent of this exocyst component (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • The results reveal that non-filamentous, non-membrane bound peripherin particles and short peripherin intermediate filaments, termed 'squiggles', are transported at high speed throughout PC12 cell bodies, neurites and growth cones. (northwestern.edu)
  • Synaptogenesis requires adequate amounts of highly specialised synaptic membrane and activation of a process for shaping this membrane, initially into dendritic spines and neurites and then into the synapses themselves. (touchneurology.com)
  • We found that these inhibitors disrupted Gβγ and ΜΤ organization and affected cellular morphology and neurite outgrowth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The green-fluorescence expressed EGFP plasmid will be transcript into the PC12 to observe the morphology of the cells on the membranes. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • As regards morphological differentiation (e. g. neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells), things are more complex. (reactome.org)
  • In this approach, we performed FRET time-lapse imaging of Rac1 and Cdc42, members of Rho GTPases which are responsible for cell motility and quantitatively identified the response functions that describe the conversion from the molecular activities to the morphological changes. (nature.com)
  • Using the response function, we could predict the morphological change from molecular activity and its predictive performance provides a new quantitative measure of how much the Rho GTPases participate in the cell migration. (nature.com)
  • To examine this issue, we focused on cell migration as a model biological system, because both molecular activity (as input signal) and morphological changes (as output signal) during cell migration can be monitored by FRET imaging. (nature.com)
  • By morphological and behavioural tests, we suggest that Hcy impedes neurite outgrowth and neurological recovery after ICH. (bmj.com)
  • Immunolabeling detected this receptor in cells of both the ganglion cell layer and the photoreceptor cell layer in wild-type retinas. (molvis.org)
  • In our previous studies, EMSCs were obtained from rat embryonic facial process tissue by fluorescence p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) activated cell sorting, providing a good stem cell model for studies of dental mineralization. (researchsquare.com)
  • We conclude that receptor-mediated p53 transcriptional activity is involved in PC12 differentiation and may suggest a contributory role for p53 in neuronal development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, a widely validated model in neurobiology, is employed as a cellular model of chronic stress in combination with stress hormones. (chatham.edu)
  • Together with previous reports indicating that ASK1 functions as a pro-apoptotic signaling intermediate, these results suggest that ASK1 has a broad range of biological activities depending on cell types and/or cellular context. (nih.gov)
  • However, protein levels of components of cell membranes, vesicles and synapses, RNA modulation, and cellular structures (including tau and tubulin filaments) are markedly altered from the age of 75. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • To study the cellular mechanisms for this post-transcriptional control and to determine the contribution of mRNA stability to GAP-43 gene expression, we examined the effects of several agents that affect PC12 cell differentiation on the level of induction and rate of degradation of the GAP-43 mRNA. (rupress.org)
  • Clearing old cellular debris, through a process called autophagy , greatly enhances the youthful functioning of the cell. (geresdengle.com)
  • As a result, there is a reduction of cellular debris clearance (autophagy), decreased the pool of stem cells, increase in inflammation and cellular senescence. (geresdengle.com)
  • A role for the complex in mammalian synapse formation and neurite outgrowth has been suggested by the early presence of Sec6/Sec8 immunoreactivity at sites of synaptogenesis in culture (Hazuka, 1999) and the impairment of neurite outgrowth with dominant-negative forms of sec10 and sec8 in PC12 cells (Vega, 2001). (sdbonline.org)
  • However, the possible connection between these pathways and how they might ultimately converge to regulate the assembly and organization of MTs during neurite outgrowth is not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another distinction that has been drawn contrasts the constitutive and the regulated pathways to distinguish the ongoing transport of protein and lipid to the cell surface from the ability to secrete hormones and transmitters in response to specific stimuli. (sdbonline.org)
  • Subsequently, further distinctions in trafficking pathways have been invoked to explain different forms of regulation and fusion at different domains of the cell. (sdbonline.org)
  • In spite of such accumulating knowledge of Rac1 and Cdc42 downstream pathways, little is known about the functional differences between Rac1 and Cdc42, in particular, how these Rho GTPases participate in cell migration. (nature.com)
  • The mTOR signaling pathways regulate cell growth and are involved in multiple human diseases. (archive.org)
  • In this study we used phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein as a functional readout to identify cells responding to EGF and FGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • In addition, the induction of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation was observed after the treatment with jujube water extract for 5 min on PC12 cells, and the effect of which was fully blocked by H89. (edu.hk)
  • Then, our findings further indicate that Hcy significantly downregulates the phosphorylation level of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases 2 (CAMK2A) after ICH, which is associated with neurite outgrowth. (bmj.com)
  • Alomne Labs K252a inhibits MARCKS phosphorylation via PKC in C6 glioma cells. (alomone.com)
  • The transient activation of ERKs via RAS is not sufficient for neurite outgrowth in the absence of additional signals. (reactome.org)
  • Cells were incubated in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml NGF with or without various concentrations of K252a (#K-150). (alomone.com)
  • Cells were grown to 70% confluence, and then serum starved for 18 h. (alomone.com)
  • Activation of c-Jun kinases leads to high levels of c-Jun expression which results in neurite outgrowth. (wikipedia.org)
  • As confirmation that ligand density in these engineered systems impacts neuronal cell behavior, we demonstrate that increasing the density of fibronectin-derived RGD ligands on coated surfaces while maintaining uniform protein surface coverage results in enhanced neurite extension of PC-12 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, these results demonstrate a critical role of TopIIβ in neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • These results suggest that the defect in establishing neuromuscular junctions in top2β knockout mice could be due to the lack of TopIIβ-mediated neurite outgrowth. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • p53 transcriptional activity may be further involved in the differentiation of other non-neuronal cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neuronal outgrowth is a complex process in which two distinct domains emerge from the cell body: a long, thin axon that transmits signals, and multiple shorter dendrites, which are specialized primarily for receiving signals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Morphologically, N2a-Rα cells bore spontaneous neurites exhibiting axon-like properties with the localization of NF-H. In addition, cdc42 expression was increased in comparison to the control cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, dendritic MTs, bundled instead by MAP2, have a mixed orientation, with their plus ends facing either the dendritic tips or the cell body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 6-d-old cultures also contained a small number of TuJ1-positive cells that responded to FGF-2 only. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • We found that the neurite outgrowth velocity and motor functional recovery in the ICH plus HHcy group were significantly slower than that in the control group, indicating that homocysteine (Hcy) significantly impedes the neurite outgrowth recovery after ICH. (bmj.com)
  • On the contrary, constitutive activation of Rap1 is sufficient to trigger neurite outgrowth, but it is not necessary for this response. (reactome.org)
  • In neuronal cells that express B-Raf, NGF induced activation of Rap1 promotes a sustained activation of ERKs and is required for the induction of electrical excitability and a subset of neuron-specific genes. (reactome.org)
  • Yeast cells use an anisotropic secretory apparatus for polarized growth at a selected bud site. (sdbonline.org)
  • It is an important factor for a scaffold design for tissue engineering uses that biodegradable polymer is utilized as a matrix suitable for cell growth and influences various cell behaviors, and it will also affect further gene expression of target cell. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • In addition, ICRF-193 also blocked neurite outgrowth and growth cone formation of PC12 cells undergoing NGF-induced differentiation. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • A wide array of chemical substances can influence cell growth and differentiation. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • After growth factor treatment for 6 d, a population of nestin-positive cells responding to both EGF and FGF-2 were identified. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Not long after FGF1 and FGF2 were isolated, another group isolated a pair of heparin -binding growth factors which they named HBGF-1 and HBGF-2, whilst a third group isolated a pair of growth factors that caused proliferation of cells in a bioassay containing blood vessel endothelium cells which they called ECGF-1 and ECGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Here, we identify UBTOR, a previously unannotated gene as a functional player in regulating cell growth and mTOR signaling. (archive.org)
  • The best neuronal growth was achieved by Medium I, while Medium II and III had moderate effect on the neurite outgrowth. (ac.ir)
  • Substrate attachment is crucial for normal growth and differentiation of many cell types. (omeka.net)
  • The treatment with jujube water extract stimulated the expressions of neurotrophic factors in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest induction of ~100% for NGF, 100% for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 100% for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and 50% for neurotrophin 3 (NT3). (edu.hk)
  • In hematopoietic function, application of jujube water extract dose-dependently induced the expression of erythropoietin (EPO) on cultured Hep3B liver cells, with the highest induction by ~100% of increase. (edu.hk)
  • While Gβγ-sequestering peptide GRK2i inhibited neurite formation, disrupted MTs, and induced neurite damage, the Gβγ activator mSIRK stimulated neurite outgrowth, which indicates the involvement of Gβγ in this process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • N2a-Rα cells expressed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA as a functional marker of catecholaminergic neurotransmitter production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The dynamic reciprocity theory states that a cell's fate depends on the exchange of chemical signals between the extracellular matrix and the nucleus of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fetal brain regions and peripheral tissues were examined for nAChR subtypes, other neurotransmitter receptors, and indices of cell signaling and cell damage. (nature.com)
  • One of the most important functions of bFGF is the promotion of endothelial cell proliferation and the physical organization of endothelial cells into tube-like structures. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • When α chains of laminin-111 bind to cell surface receptors integrins α1β1, α3β1, α4β1, α6β1 and Cdc42 GTPase are activated. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the most promising mechanisms addresses our mitochondria, 2,3 the powerhouses found in all human cells that control the energy we need to stay alive. (lifeextension.com)
  • However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate force-induced functionalities across a wide range of scales, encompassing the cell, tissue or organ levels, are not well understood in comparison. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Many studies have extensively investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in cell migration and have recognized the Rho small GTPases as key regulators of actin dynamics 7 , 8 . (nature.com)
  • Discovery of non-genotoxic mechanisms through which p53 protein may be activated within tumor cells harboring wild-type p53 remains an important therapeutic objective, both in effort to alleviate traditional off-target chemotherapeutic side-effects and to prevent the unpredictable mutagenicity characteristic of these therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They include isolation and expansion of cells of a particular tissue, such as the nervous tissue which contributes to understanding the underlying mechanisms in many pathologies. (ac.ir)