• GABA regulates the proliferation of neural progenitor cells, the migration and differentiation the elongation of neurites and the formation of synapses. (wikipedia.org)
  • In zebrafish, Blimp1 promotes differentiation from the embryonic sluggish muscle tissue lineage (9) and specifies neural crest and sensory neuron progenitors (10). (immune-source.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) phosphorylated DRP1 to improve its activity in BTICs whereas Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent proteins kinase 2 (CAMK2) inhibited DRP1 in non-BTICs recommending tumor cell differentiation induces a regulatory change in mitochondrial morphology. (biopaqc.com)
  • Regular neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are functionally described by self-renewal and differentiation into relevant lineages7. (biopaqc.com)
  • Embryogenesis involves orchestrated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • Embryogenesis depends on the timely proliferation of progenitor cells and their subsequent differentiation into multiple cell types. (biologists.com)
  • Regulation of the timing of cell differentiation and cell fate choice are key issues for making organs of the right size, shape and cell composition. (biologists.com)
  • In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
  • For example, in the developing nervous system of mouse embryos,progenitor cells proliferate and sequentially give rise to different types of cells by changing their differentiation competency. (biologists.com)
  • In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
  • In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)
  • The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into multiple cell lineages can be exploited as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to the cells and has various other functions including cell adhesion, cell to cell communication, and differentiation [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Role of extracellular RNA-carrying vesicles in cell differentiation and reprogramming. (unicyte.ch)
  • In particular, stem cells are highly sensitive to extracellular signals that play a critical role in mainten- ance of stem cell characteristics, differentiation, and interplay with somatic cells. (unicyte.ch)
  • Several other environmental factors including oxy- gen concentration and mechanical, metabolic, and bio- chemical conditions have been shown relevant in cell differentiation and have been reviewed extensively (Fig. 1) [3]. (unicyte.ch)
  • On June 8th 2022, a paper titled "Trunk Neural Crest Migratory Position and Asymmetric Division Predict Terminal Differentiation" was published on Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. (biologists.com)
  • Specifically, the employment of BC-Ppy compositesdrives partial H9c2 differentiation toward a cardiomyocyte-like phenotype.The scaffolds increase the expression of functional cardiac markersin H9c2 cells, indicative of a higher differentiation efficiency,which is not observed with plain BC. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Stimulates proliferation and differentiation of early progenitor cells within hair follicles. (plurisomes.com)
  • Further, the absence of USF1 did not lead to alterations of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, or survival. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cultured oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) were incubated with HD ± BMSC-derived conditional medium (BMSC-CM). OPC differentiation was studied by immunostaining and morphometric analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammals, some GABAergic neurons, such as chandelier cells, are also able to excite their glutamatergic counterparts. (wikipedia.org)
  • The differential gradient of chloride in immature neurons was shown to be primarily due to the higher concentration of NKCC1 co-transporters relative to KCC2 co-transporters in immature cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the developmental stages preceding the formation of synaptic contacts, GABA is synthesized by neurons and acts both as an autocrine (acting on the same cell) and paracrine (acting on nearby cells) signalling mediator. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of neurotransmitter receptors in microglia illustrates their functional connection to neurons and this receptor activation could cause microglial cells to perform different activation phenotypes ( Pocock and Kettenmann, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This is consistent with a negative-feedback loop, in which newly generated neurons modulate cell division of SVZ stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, using a murine model of spinal injury, we elevated the intrinsic regenerative ability of CST neurons by supplying a pro-regenerative transcription factor, KLF6, while simultaneously supplying injured CST axons with a growth-permissive graft of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) transplanted into a site of spinal injury. (biorxiv.org)
  • Delivering pro-regenerative KLF6 to injured neurons while simultaneously transplanting neural progenitor cells to injury sites resulted in robust regeneration directly through sites of spinal injury, accompanied by extensive synapse formation with spinal neurons. (biorxiv.org)
  • Recent work involving transplants of neural progenitor cells has also succeeded in creating novel relay circuits as host axons invade and innervate graft-derived neurons, which in turn extend lengthy axons that innervate neurons in the caudal spinal cord ( 7 - 9 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • We demonstrate that neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) self-renewal and spatiotemporal generation of neurons and other cell types are severely impacted by the loss of Ythdf2 in embryonic neocortex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Without Hes genes such as Hes1 , however, progenitor cells prematurely differentiate into certain types of neurons only, and are depleted before they have proliferated sufficiently and generated all neuronal and glial cell types. (biologists.com)
  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) serve as a source for new neurons in both the developing and adult brain. (elifesciences.org)
  • To model both gray and white matter, we differentiated patient-derived iPSCs into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, 16p11.2 deletion NPCs and OPCs up-regulate cell surface expression of calreticulin (a prophagocytic "eat me" signal) and its binding sites, indicating that these cells should be phagocytosed but fail to be eliminated due to elevations in CD47. (bvsalud.org)
  • It was thought that a developmental switch in the molecular machinery controlling the concentration of chloride inside the cell changes the functional role of GABA between neonatal and adult stages. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP-positive neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neuroblasts that migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)
  • While adult lymphoid progenitor cells are produced by the bone marrow, their lineage commitment and development into mature T-cells is dependent on their migration into the thymus, where essential interactions with heterogeneous thymic stromal cells take place ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Unlike embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells (MSCs) have a limited lifespan and stop proliferating during in vitro culture due to replicative senescence [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
  • In the adult, stem cells exist in many tissues throughout life and may play critical roles in physiological functions and tissue regeneration. (wisc.edu)
  • ZIKV infection induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in proliferating neural progenitors. (pasteur.fr)
  • Microtubule-associated protein MAP1LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. (uc.edu)
  • GABA also regulates the growth of embryonic and neural stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies suggest that the molecular machinery of nutrient sensation instructs the behavior of stem cells particularly embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells21. (biopaqc.com)
  • We show that the conditional depletion of the m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 in mice causes lethality at late embryonic developmental stages, with embryos characterized by compromised neural development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We assessed whether cell cycle inhibitors that restrict stem cell populations in other tissues may participate in limiting neural stem cell reactivity in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, MSCs need to be expanded in vitro in order to obtain sufficient cells for clinical trials since they are extremely rare in various tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • The wide range of manifestations observed in patients with mitochondrial disease results from varying fractions of abnormal mtDNA molecules in different cells and tissues, a phenomenon termed heteroplasmy. (jci.org)
  • However, the landscape of heteroplasmy across cell types within tissues and its influence on phenotype expression in affected patients remains largely unexplored. (jci.org)
  • During development, stem cells and resulting progenitor cells are responsible for generating all the tissues and cells of an organism. (wisc.edu)
  • The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues - the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body - has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Vertebrate embryos display a highly characteristic spatial patterning of tissues, including the arrangement of the neural tube, the somitic mesoderm and the notochord along the rostrocaudal (head-tail) length of the body axis( Fig. 1 ). (silverchair.com)
  • It has been found that some of the SVF cell types possess regenerative and anti-inflammatory potentials in damaged tissues due to their ability to secrete growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules. (jcadonline.com)
  • Endothelial cells are important regulators of the cerebrovascular response to TBI. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our work demonstrates that genetic deletion of endothelial cell (EC)-specific EPH receptor A4 (EphA4) using conditional EphA4f/f/Tie2-Cre and EphA4f/f/VE-Cadherin-CreERT2 knockout (KO) mice promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and tissue protection, which correlates with improved motor function and cerebral blood flow recovery following controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • A comparative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data collected from three HUCMSCs and two human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) controls identified eight common cell clusters, all of which indicated regenerative potential specific for HUCMSCs. (nature.com)
  • Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Broadly separated into mesenchymal and endothelial cells, NES have been implicated in thymus organogenesis, thymocyte development, tolerance induction and development/maintenance of epithelial stroma. (frontiersin.org)
  • 30 nm in diameter, establish direct membrane-to-membrane contact with endothelial cells in specialized areas of irregular endothelial basement membrane and enriched with vesicular activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • The ganglionic eminences also contribute greatly to building up the GABAergic cortical cell population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cortical epithelial cells (cTEC) support the earliest thymocyte progenitor populations, guiding them through the cortex, directing them to a T-cell lineage fate and ensuring their functional qualities as self-MHC restricted cells through the process of positive selection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Glial cells are a highly heterogeneous population of cells and predominate the mammalian brain. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • Single-cell transcriptomic signatures and gene regulatory networks modulated by W1s in mammalian midline facial formation and clefts. (stowers.org)
  • Epithelial to mesenchymal transition during mammalian neural crest cell delamination. (stowers.org)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 cip1/waf1 (p21), maintains hematopoietic stem cell quiescence, and we evaluated its role in the regenerative response of neural tissue after ischemic injury using the mice deficient in p21. (rupress.org)
  • The dysfunction of oligodendrocyte lineage cells is hallmarked by deficiencies in myelination and impaired self-renewal of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells have two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency. (wisc.edu)
  • The PGC-like cells in Blimp1 mutant embryos didn't show the quality proliferation and migration (7). (immune-source.com)
  • Blimp1 mutant embryos screen apoptosis in multiple cell types also, most the mesenchyme cells notably, which communicate high degrees of Blimp1 (8). (immune-source.com)
  • Therefore, p21 is an intrinsic suppressor to neural regeneration after brain injury and may serve as a common molecular regulator restricting proliferation among stem cell pools from distinct tissue types. (rupress.org)
  • The low survival rate or dysfunction of extracellular matrix (ECM)-based engineered organs caused by the adverse effects of unfavourable local microenvironments on seed cell viability and stemness, especially the effects of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompted us to examine the importance of controlling oxidative damage for tissue transplantation and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We sought to improve the tolerance of seed cells to the transplant microenvironment via antioxidant pathways, thus promoting transplant efficiency and achieving better tissue regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The National Institutes of Health will fund six projects to identify biological factors that affect neural regeneration in the retina. (nih.gov)
  • Strittmatter and his team also are searching for genes that contribute to the regeneration of axons from retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
  • The properties of HUCMSCs were validated by untargeted label-free quantitation of the cell and CM proteome, suggesting increased activity of regeneration, autophagy and anti-inflammation pathways and mitochondrial function. (nature.com)
  • Here we deployed a two-pronged strategy in a rodent model of spinal injury to promote regeneration by the corticospinal tract, a critical mediator of fine motor control. (biorxiv.org)
  • GABA can promote the replication and survival of β-cells and also promote the conversion of α-cells to β-cells, which may lead to new treatments for diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, several reviews claim that Blimp1 might regulate varied cellular processes including cell survival or growth. (immune-source.com)
  • FAs and their metabolites are critical for brain homeostasis and influence many neural functions, including cell survival, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Neural precursor cells from adults have exceptional proliferative and differentiative capability in vitro yet respond minimally to in vivo brain injury due to constraining mechanisms that are poorly defined. (rupress.org)
  • Zack, Gamm, and their teams plan to study precursor photoreceptor cells derived from human stem cells to determine what factors help coax them into becoming fully developed and connected photoreceptor cells. (nih.gov)
  • In addition to intrathymic selection, and during this medullary residency period, CD4 + and CD8 + single positive (CD4SP, CD8SP) thymocytes acquire the ability to proliferate in response to TCR stimulation, and undergo licensing for cytokine production, prior to exiting the thymus to join the peripheral T-cell pool as Recent Thymus Emigrants (RTE) ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Intradermal adipocyte progenitor cells are activated toward the end of the telogen phase to proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes. (jcadonline.com)
  • Furthermore, several reports claim that Blimp1 might regulate different cellular procedures including cell development or success. (immune-source.com)
  • Mitochondrial dynamics are tightly coordinated in association with the cell cycle and state with complex structural and practical interactions leading SGX-523 to fusion and fission of mitochondria to alter the balance of oxidative-phosphorylation get rid of damaged mitochondrial parts (e.g. mtDNA) SGX-523 and regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)22. (biopaqc.com)
  • dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • The research in our laboratory focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate neural stem cells and neurodevelopment with the goal of applying this knowledge in the treatment of neurological disorders and injuries. (wisc.edu)
  • Using neural stem cells as model systems, we are investigating the molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal development during postnatal period and their implications in human neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett Syndrome, Autism, and Fragile X syndrome. (wisc.edu)
  • We also review the location and molecular characteristics of these putative stem cells, along with their evolutionary conservation in vertebrates and the signalling mechanisms that regulate and arrest axis extension. (silverchair.com)
  • Adipose cells organized in small clusters under the reticular dermis closely interact with hair follicular cells and regulate the hair cycle. (jcadonline.com)
  • In this report, we explored the possible similarities between transcriptional responses induced by ZIKV in human neural progenitors and those elicited by three different genetic mutations leading to severe forms of microcephaly in mice. (pasteur.fr)
  • Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • CNS Glial Cells FA Synthesis" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/13436 (accessed November 30, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • cell maintenance and lineage commitment is definitely controlled by mitochondrial dynamics23-25. (biopaqc.com)
  • Although steady-state conditions revealed no increase in primitive cell proliferation in p21-null mice, a significantly larger fraction of quiescent neural precursors was activated in the hippocampus and subventricular zone after brain ischemia. (rupress.org)
  • The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)
  • We use basic and clinical research to understand the cells, proteins, and genes that lead to successful recovery of function, and also how complications develop that impact quality of life after stroke. (stanford.edu)
  • proven to recruit the histone methyltransferase G9a towards the promoter of knockout mice shows that Blimp1 can be a crucial determinant from the germ cell lineage (7, 8), which is important for constant repression of homeobox genes that normally accompany standards of primordial germ cells (PGCs) (7). (immune-source.com)
  • p53 regulates the manifestation of downstream focus on genes, which serve as mediators of p53 features (17C19). (immune-source.com)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • More recently we have demonstrated that C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several genes involved in inflammatory processes and brain injury [ 14 ] and mice lacking C/EBPβ showed a reduced inflammatory response after kainic acid injection and exhibited a dramatic reduction in pyramidal cell loss in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this next research phase they hope to identify genes and proteins that help or hinder this ability of retinal ganglion cells to regenerate, grow axons to a target and become functional in mice. (nih.gov)
  • They expect their studies to identify a list of small molecules and candidate genes that contribute to the ability of photoreceptor cells to home in on their appropriate target cells in the retina, known as bipolar cells. (nih.gov)
  • Consistently, expression of genes enriched in neural development pathways is significantly disturbed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • In these processes, Hes genes function as effectors of Notch signaling, which coordinates cellular events via cell-cell interactions. (biologists.com)
  • These leukocytes produce oxygen-derived free radicals that can directly damage graft cells via cell membrane damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While all tumor cells display dysregulation of metabolic pathways the differential growth patterns of BTICs suggest that these tumor subpopulations have metabolic features that distinguish them from your tumor bulk17-20. (biopaqc.com)
  • Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
  • Succinate is an intermediate of several metabolic pathways, i.e. tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle under normoxic conditions (blue lines), and glutamine-dependent anerplerosis and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt under anaerobic conditions (red lines). (haematologica.org)
  • however, a variety of other cell types are found as well, collectively labeled as stromal vascular fraction (SVF). (jcadonline.com)
  • We show that the m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 modulates neural development by promoting m 6 A-dependent degradation of neural development-related mRNA targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth factors may act either in an autocrine or a paracrine fashion and their temporal and spatial concentration modulates the cell phenotype and function. (unicyte.ch)
  • Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)
  • Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the initial steps of cancer cell invasion and dissemination by disrupting the integrity of the myoepithelial belt that encircles the LECs [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also covered in detail was the basic cell biology of EMT and its role in cancer and fibrosis, as well as the identification of new markers to facilitate the observation of EMT in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • Her research interests include the preparation and design of materials and scaffolds for in vitro and in vivo fundamental studies, and a further focus is the provision of useful tools to assess mechanisms that govern cell behavior in regenerative medicine. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Mind tumor initiating cells (BTICs) coopt the neuronal high affinity GLUT3 blood sugar transporter to withstand metabolic tension. (biopaqc.com)
  • In the mature brain cortex, OPCs are the major proliferative cells (comprising ~5% of total brain cells) and control new myelin formation in a neural activity-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
  • This promising field may open new avenues to modulate inflammatory responses and to preserve blood cell homeostasis in the clinical setting. (haematologica.org)
  • Tissue necrosis caused by both oxidative stress and the inflammatory response further prevents nutrients and oxygen from reaching viable cells, which contributes to expanding the necrotic area and leads to implant failure [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another consequence of aging is the accumulation of so-called senescent cells, normal cells that stop dividing, contribute to tissue aging and secrete substances like cytokines that induce inflammation. (qualitycounts.com)
  • The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • The relevance of these phenomena in stem cell biology and tissue repair is discussed. (unicyte.ch)
  • Here, we identify nonrandom distribution of a pathogenic mtDNA variant across a complex tissue using single-cell RNA-Seq, mitochondrial single-cell ATAC sequencing, and multimodal single-cell sequencing. (jci.org)
  • The postcranial axis (i.e. tissue caudal to the head) is then generated over an extended period in a rostral-to-caudal sequence by cells that are derived from the primitive streak and the adjacent epiblast cells, which together eventually form the tail bud. (silverchair.com)
  • The progenitors of the lateral and dorsal neural tube, and of some somitic tissue,are found in an arc of epiblast tissue on either side of the primitive streak. (silverchair.com)
  • Adipose tissue is a loose connective tissue composed of cells supported by an intracellular matrix as well as by vascular, lymphatic, and neural networks. (jcadonline.com)
  • Ongoing projects focus on glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and how they coordinate with immune cells from the blood to affect bystander brain injury in the days after stroke. (stanford.edu)
  • Garcia Corrales A, Hendriks J. CNS Glial Cells FA Synthesis. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia are the major types of glial cells in the CNS. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • To do so, glial cells heavily rely on transient and temporal changes in the FA and lipid metabolism. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The ductal system is coated by a chain of luminal epithelial cells (LECs) situated on a layer of myoepithelial cells (MECs) and encompassed by a distinguished basement membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two major cell types cooperate to build up the ductal units: inner polarized luminal epithelial cells (LECs) embraced by a layer of myoepithelial cells (MECs), both cell types are rimmed by a cohesive basement membrane (BM) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, damaging the MECs layer resulted in the release of various factors (such as SDF1/CXCL12, CXCL14, MMP, and tenascin) [ 11 , 12 ] with a potential to modify the tumour microenvironment and facilitate the paracrine communication between the tumour epithelial cells and the enclosed stroma enhancing the tumour aggressiveness [ 11 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Extensive research on thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortex and medulla has defined their essential roles during T-cell development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Medullary epithelial cells (mTEC), in conjunction with dendritic cells, then take over control of developing thymocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The corneal epithelium is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells on the outer surface of the eye, which acts as a protective barrier and is critical for clear and stable vision. (wjgnet.com)
  • Over the past decades, luminal epithelial cell lineage has gained considerable attraction as the functionally milk-secreting units and as the most fruitful acreage for breast cancer launching. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia could influence neurogenesis through the M1 and M2 subtypes, and these may promote depressive-like behaviors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Microglial cells are the brain's immune cells in the CNS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Molecular 'switch' reverses chronic inflammation and aging - Science Daily, 2/6/20 - 'By studying mice and immune cells called macrophages, the team found that a protein called SIRT2 is responsible for deacetylating the NLRP3 inflammasome. (qualitycounts.com)
  • Interestingly, increased P53 activation and apoptosis are induced not only in cells expressing high levels of viral antigens but also in cells showing low or undetectable levels of the same proteins. (pasteur.fr)
  • Moreover, we highlight a small group of P53 effector proteins that could act as critical mediators, not only in ZIKV-induced microcephaly but also in many genetic microcephaly syndromes. (pasteur.fr)
  • Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • Therefore mitochondria fission may be related to stem cell biology beneficial for malignancy and harmful in normal mind. (biopaqc.com)
  • Further study will be required in the future to better understand succinate biology in blood cells. (haematologica.org)
  • An improved understanding of PSC biology and of the interactions of PSCs with other pancreatic cells provides a strong platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for notoriously hard to treat diseases of the pancreas such as chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The conversion of an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell is critical to metazoan embryogenesis and a defining structural feature of organ development. (rupress.org)
  • GABA activates the GABAA receptor, causing cell cycle arrest in the S-phase, limiting growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The tumor suppressor p53 responds to a number of extrinsic and intrinsic tension indicators to result in many mobile applications, including cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis/metastasis, and DNA restoration (13C16). (immune-source.com)
  • Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Cellular senescence refers to active cells that eventually enter a state of irreversible growth arrest. (hindawi.com)
  • Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
  • In early culture, PSCs are polygonal in shape with abundant lipid droplets in the cytoplasm ( Figure 1B ) and express stellate cell selective markers such as desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, neural cell adhesion molecule, nerve growth factor, and synemin (34, 167). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The area encompassing the primitive streak and the adjacent epiblast, and the later-forming tail bud, are the source of the neural tube and mesoderm over the entire period of body axis elongation( Fig. 2 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Mitochondria dynamic fusion and fission mediators have been closely linked to cell fate determination and development35. (biopaqc.com)
  • Here, we further discuss current suggestions of the possible contribution of succinate to blood stem cell function and blood formation. (haematologica.org)
  • A high level of active oxygen also enhances the transformation of helper cells into inflammatory cells that is further increased with the decline of cell metabolism processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we provided an overview of the myoepithelial cells' histogenesis, molecular and biological markers, and physiological commitments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular portraits of cell cycle checkpoint kinases in cancer evolution, progression, and treatment responsiveness. (uc.edu)
  • Here we report application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUCMSC)-derived therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). (nature.com)
  • The following findings suggest that NAC could significantly protect stem cell viability and stemness during oxidative stress and exert better and prolonged effects in bioroot intragrafts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, knocking down miR‑223 in GBM cells with antagomir significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of TMZ on GBM cell proliferation and decreased the TMZ IC50, which could be abolished by knockdown of PAX6. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The expression level of PAX6 reportedly is inversely correlated with the tumorigenicity and invasion of GBM cell lines and is significantly reduced in GBMs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Growing evidence suggests that transcriptional regulators and secreted RNA molecules encapsulated within membrane vesicles modify the phenotype of target cells. (unicyte.ch)
  • mRNA in unstressed transcription in HCT116 cells. (immune-source.com)
  • Cells had been gathered 48 h after transfection for mRNA evaluation of mRNA amounts by real-time PCR (and intron 3 confirmed above could mediate p53 responsiveness, two tandem copies of the binding site (p53 wtor p53alengthy with plasmids expressing wild-type p53. (immune-source.com)
  • GABA can influence the development of neural progenitor cells via brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • of endogenous BLIMP1 and is vital for regular cell development. (immune-source.com)
  • Recognition of the effective involvement of the myoepithelial cells in mammary gland development and in hampering tumorigenesis has renewed the interest in investigating the biological roles of this second main mammary lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The thymus supports T-cell development via specialized microenvironments that ensure a diverse, functional and self-tolerant T-cell population. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, experimental evidence suggests these cells are important for thymus function by either directly influencing T-cell development, or by indirectly regulating TEC development and/or function. (frontiersin.org)
  • The development of isolation and culture methods for PSCs in 1998 helped to unravel the mechanisms involved in the process of pancreatic fibrogenesis (5, 11) and also helped researchers to investigate the functions of these cells both in health and disease. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Given that protein aggregates in liver cells are closely linked to alcoholic liver disease, these findings suggest that quercetin could be a useful treatment for patients with this condition. (qualitycounts.com)
  • These results indicate that P53 activation is an early and specific event in ZIKV-infected cells, which could result from cell-autonomous and/or non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. (pasteur.fr)
  • Here, we use human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from controls and subjects with 16p11.2 deletion and 16p11.2 duplication to understand the underlying mechanisms regulating brain overgrowth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recent evidence obtained in mouse models shows its essential role regulating blood cell function through various mechanisms that include pseudohypoxia responses by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation, post-translational modifications like succinylation, and communication mediated by succinate receptor 1. (haematologica.org)
  • My laboratory is investigating the mechanisms governing the behaviors and functions of neural stem cells in both healthy conditions and in neurological diseases. (wisc.edu)
  • To meet specific cellular demands of different cell types over time cellular biogenesis is definitely mediated through the dynamic mitochondrial fusion and fission. (biopaqc.com)
  • Cellular senescence, which is morphologically characterized by an enlarged and flattened cell shape, was first described by Hayflick [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 1 Institute for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine,University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ,UK. (silverchair.com)
  • The elongation of the chain occurs by repeating the condensation cycle until a 16-carbon palmitic acid (16:0) is generated. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • ELOVLs are located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and catalyze FA elongation via the condensation of a malonyl-CoA to an acyl-CoA molecule to yield 3-ketoacyl-CoA, which is the first rate limiting step in the elongation cycle of FAs [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)