• Based on the fact that seizure activity is frequently associated with autism and that abnormal evoked potentials have been observed in autistic individuals in response to tasks that require attention, several investigators have recently proposed that autism might be caused by an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in key neural systems including the cortex. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • Among those, several candidate genes have been shown to control the early patterning and/or the late synaptic maturation of specific neuronal subpopulations controlling the balance between excitation and inhibition in the developing cortex and cerebellum. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • In the present article, we review our current understanding of the developmental mechanisms patterning the balance between excitation and inhibition in the context of the neurobiology of autism. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • The origin of these oscillations is commonly associated to the balance between excitation and inhibition in the network, while purely excitatory circuits are believed to lead to "unstructured population bursts " (Buzsàki, 2006). (scholarpedia.org)
  • Response inhibition results in the emotional devaluation of faces: neural correlates as revealed by fMRI. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although it is well established that prior experience with faces determines their subsequent social-emotional evaluation, recent work shows that top-down inhibitory mechanisms, including response inhibition, can lead to social devaluation after even a single, brief exposure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The effects of age bias on neural correlates of successful and unsuccessful response inhibition in younger and older adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • Within the networks subserving successful and unsuccessful response inhibition, patterns of activity demonstrated distinct neural age bias effects in each age group . (bvsalud.org)
  • Although tics can be voluntarily inhibited on demand, the neural correlates of this process remain unclear. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Chung, S. and Abbott, L.F. (2021) Neural Population Geometry: An Approach for Understanding Biological and Artificial Neural Networks. (columbia.edu)
  • Shunting inhibition is theorized to be a type of gain control mechanism, regulating the responses of neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNQX, by blocking excitatory AMPA glutamate inputs, is hypothesized to produce relative inhibitions of NAc neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • An excitatory pulse-coupled neural network is a network composed of neurons coupled via excitatory synapses, where the coupling among the neurons is mediated by the transmission of Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentials (EPSPs). (scholarpedia.org)
  • This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural mechanism mediating the relationship between inhibitory control and emotional devaluation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The present findings offer insights into the neural mechanisms linking inhibitory processes to affective responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, we compared four methods employing different competition mechanisms, namely, independent component analysis, non-negative matrix factorization with sparseness constraint, predictive coding/biased competition, and a Hebbian neural network with lateral inhibitory connections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Theoretical studies have predicted that suppression of inhibition in such excitatory-inhibitory networks can lead to either an increase or, paradoxically, a decrease in excitatory neuronal firing, with consequent effects on stimulus selectivity. (jneurosci.org)
  • We study how different types of inhibitory interneurons are optimised for controlling neural codes. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Lateral inhibition is a mechanism of local neuronal interaction that produces significant global properties. (mirknig.su)
  • Some evidence exists that shunting inhibition can have a divisive effect on neuronal responses, at least on subthreshold postsynaptic potentials. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is important to note that, despite comments in the literature to the contrary (see above), divisive inhibition of neuronal responses cannot arise from shunting inhibition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, shunting inhibition does not provide a plausible mechanism for neuronal gain modulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, given potential alternative explanations, it is not known whether neuronal inhibition is in fact necessary for NAc DNQX microinjections to generate motivations. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we provide a direct test of whether local neuronal inhibition in NAc is necessary for DNQX microinjections to produce either desire or dread. (jneurosci.org)
  • We used optogenetic channelrhodopsin (ChR2) excitations at the same local sites in NAc as DNQX microinjections to oppose relative neuronal inhibitions induced by DNQX in female and male rats. (jneurosci.org)
  • SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A major hypothesis posits neuronal inhibitions in nucleus accumbens generate intense motivation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Is neuronal inhibition in nucleus accumbens required for such pharmacologically-induced motivations? (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we demonstrate that neuronal inhibition is necessary to generate appetitive or defensive motivations, using local optogenetic excitations to oppose putative DNQX-induced inhibitions. (jneurosci.org)
  • FastICA was chosen as a method which tries to find new representations of data with minimal dependency between components without employing any kind of competition in the neural dynamics, but it enforces independent components via the learning rule. (frontiersin.org)
  • Another aspect of Hirst's research focuses on the study of protein-ligand interactions, using techniques including QSAR, machine learning, neural networks, docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum chemistry. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • We tested whether modulation of inhibition or excitation in the auditory cortex of male mice could evoke such a variety of effects in tone-evoked responses and in behavioral frequency discrimination acuity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Changes in neural population responses consistently predicted behavioral changes for individuals separately, including improvement and impairment in acuity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we capitalized on differences between subjects to test whether suppressing/activating inhibition and excitation can in fact exhibit such paradoxical effects for both stimulus sensitivity and behavioral discriminability. (jneurosci.org)
  • Behavioral and neural threshold data were positively correlated in the high frequency noise exposure group. (cdc.gov)
  • The results were discussed with regard to hair cell loss and implications for behavioral and neural tuning in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Random exposure to the CS and the US retards conditioning even more than combined latent inhibition and US preexposure. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Latent inhibition: A neural network approach. (bvsalud.org)
  • Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by an increased likelihood of recurrent seizures, which in turn are characterised by transient, pathological episodes of hypersynchronised neural activity resulting in a variety of behavioural symptoms. (springer.com)
  • Neural Networks With Sas Enterprise Miner ��������: Neural Networks With Sas Enterprise Miner �� : Scientific Books ������������: CreateSpace �� : 2016 ������ : 252 ������: PDF, EPUB, AZW3. (mirknig.su)
  • Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. This article (Rabadán, MA et al (2016) Delamination of neural crest cells requires transient and reversible Wnt inhibition mediated by DACT1/2. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • masking, crowding, and grouping involve processing of multiple features and could be more subject to changes in neural inhibition (Monge & Madden, 2016 Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 69 166-173). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Tenascin-R mRNA was expressed by distinct neural cell types in the unlesioned olivocerebellar system. (researchgate.net)
  • Abbott, L.F. and Svoboda, K., editors (2020) Brain-wide Interactions Between Neural Circuits. (columbia.edu)
  • Neural collective oscillations have been observed in many contexts in brain circuits, ranging from ubiquitous $\gamma$-oscillations to $\theta$-rhythm in the hippocampus . (scholarpedia.org)
  • With simulations we identified a mechanistic link between functional connectivity, intelligence, processing speed and brain synchrony for trading accuracy with speed in dependence of excitation-inhibition balance. (nature.com)
  • Simple inhibition such as hyperpolarization has a subtractive effect on the depolarization caused by concurrent excitation, whereas shunting inhibition can in some cases account for a divisive effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • This has been shown theoretically as well as experimentally - inhibition has the same subtractive effect on firing rates whether it is of the shunting or hyperpolarizing variety. (wikipedia.org)
  • NMFSC uses a top-down, subtractive inhibition of the inputs to compute the outputs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sensory information is detected and transformed by sensory neural networks before reaching higher levels of processing. (mirknig.su)
  • This book discusses those sensory neural networks influenced by nonlinear lateral inhibition. (mirknig.su)
  • Sensory Neural Networks: Lateral Inhibition is an interdisciplinary work that will prove useful to neural network theorists, biologists, circuit designers, and vision scientists. (mirknig.su)
  • Our group tries to unravel the neural coding strategies employed in the representation of sensory stimuli and memory storage. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Reuther, J , Chakravarthi, R & Martinovic, J 2021, ' Age-related changes in low and midlevel vision: assessing the information degradation and neural inhibition accounts ', Perception , vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 591-592. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We found that the xCyp26c gene, encoding a retinoic acid (RA) degradation enzyme, was upregulated following inhibition of BMP signaling in early neuroectodermal cells. (molcells.org)
  • Consequently, the findings of the study confirm that neural responses to successful and unsuccessful inhibition can be contingent on the stimulus-specific attribute of age in both younger and older adults . (bvsalud.org)
  • Neural Network Methods in Natural Language Processing ��������: Neural Network Methods in Natural Language Processing �� : Yoav Goldberg ������������: Morgan & Claypool �� : 2017 ������ : 310. (mirknig.su)
  • Neural Computation (1997) 9 (3): 525-531. (mit.edu)
  • Here we investigate whether collective oscillations, either internally generated through delayed recurrent inhibition or by external feed-forward drive, are able to quench chaotic variability by structuring spiking patterns or if they contribute to intensifying chaos. (biorxiv.org)
  • As typical nonlinear systems, neural networks usually present some strange dynamic behaviors, so the fixed-time synchronization of neural networks can also be applied in many fields, such as secure communication and image encryption. (hindawi.com)
  • Its inhibition of 5-HT action was less effective than that of the other putative neurotransmitters. (erowid.org)
  • It features biological bases of lateral inhibition models, computational properties of these models that stress their short term adaptive behavior, their relation to recent activity in neural networks and connectionist systems, their use for image processing applications, and their application to motion detection. (mirknig.su)
  • Global feedback inhibition as employed in predictive coding/biased competition has an advantage compared to local lateral inhibition learned by an anti-Hebb rule. (frontiersin.org)
  • By designing a simple feedback controller, the fixed-time synchronization of neural networks with discrete delay is investigated based on the fixed-time stability theorem established in this paper. (hindawi.com)
  • In recent years, considerable results have been reported about the stability and synchronization of neural networks [ 6 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, the finite-time synchronization of neural networks has been intensively studied [ 14 - 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In [ 14 ], the finite-time synchronization of neural networks with mixed delays and perturbations was investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • In [ 19 ], the finite-time synchronization of Cohen-Grossberg neural networks was studied via delayed feedback control. (hindawi.com)
  • Based on the fixed-time stability theorems in [ 23 , 24 , 29 ], there have been some publications about the fixed-time synchronization of neural networks [ 29 - 34 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Vertebrate neurogenesis requires inhibition of endogenous bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals in the ectoderm. (molcells.org)
  • Applied Neural Networks and Soft Computing ��������: Applied Neural Networks and Soft Computing �� : Ivan Stanimirovic ������������: Arcler Press ISBN: 1773613863 �� : 2018 (2019 Edition). (mirknig.su)
  • Airan's approach employs noninvasive pharmacological methods to achieve similar control of neural activity. (stanford.edu)
  • I study neural networks, focusing on their potential to replicate biological processes. (lu.se)
  • We conclude that we now have important distinctions in the neural substrates mediating induction and introduction. (gasyblog.com)
  • Inhibition of Orexinergic Signaling WILL NOT Alter Induction. (gasyblog.com)
  • The analysis of a large amount of experimental data was carried out using an artificial neural network (ANN) programme for more accurate identification of pollutants as well as the estimation of their concentration. (shu.ac.uk)
  • The SPINUS program is a feed-forward neural network (FFNN) system developed over the last 8 years for the prediction of 1 H NMR properties from the molecular structure. (acs.org)
  • Here we investigate the dynamical properties of network models with respect to two known control parameters regulating collective oscillatory activity: delayed re-current inhibition and an external periodic drive. (biorxiv.org)
  • Action in mind: A neural network approach to action recognition and segmentation [Doctoral thesis]. (lu.se)
  • Neural Networks and Deep Learning: A Textbook ��������: Neural Networks and Deep Learning: A Textbook �� : Charu C. Aggarwal ������������: Springer �� : 2018 ������ : 497 ������: PDF, EPUB. (mirknig.su)
  • Blocking of BMPs in animal cap explants causes the formation of anterior neural tissues as a default fate. (molcells.org)
  • Chronic inflammation can result in edema, wallerian degeneration, and fibrotic changes to the neural tissues. (medscape.com)
  • The same manipulations sometimes produced opposite changes in the behavior of different individuals, supporting theoretical predictions for inhibition-stabilized networks. (jneurosci.org)
  • Compared with the control condition, exercise between the first (VT1) and the second (VT2) ventilatory threshold (MCE), but not exercise that exceeded VT2 (HIIE), improved performance in the task and increased the N2 component, which is a neural marker of inhibition. (nih.gov)
  • reported that in-vivo BMP inhibition triggered at stage 5 not only expands the neural plate but also represses the neural crest marker. (molcells.org)
  • In this study, Sur8 was severely repressed in the course of neural progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation in the cerebral cortex of developing rat embryos. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The floor plate, a row of distinctive cells located at the ventral midline of the neural tube, is an important organizing center in the central nervous system. (biologists.com)
  • However, it is unclear whether anterior neural tissue produced by inhibition of BMP is simply generated by a default pathway of pre-existing intracellular molecules or by the newly expressed posterior modifier inhibition molecules. (molcells.org)
  • We propose the hypothesis that the features of autism associated with weak central coherence result from a reduction in the integration of specialized local neural networks in the brain caused by a deficit in temporal binding. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • Two prominent models attribute the latter either to a reduction in neural inhibition or to an increase in neural noise. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The drug went to work immediately, reducing neural activity in the targeted area - but only while the ultrasound device was active and only where the ultrasound intensity exceeded a certain threshold. (stanford.edu)
  • Delamination of neural crest (NC) cells is a bona fide physiological model of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is influenced by Wnt/β-catenin signalling. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Our ultimate aim is to discover fundamental neural coding principles underlying perception and memory. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Neuromodulation techniques apply repetitive magnetic or electrical stimulation to some neural target but significantly differ in their invasiveness, spatial selectivity, mechanism of action, and efficacy. (researchgate.net)
  • Many studies postulate that MCE increases inhibition, but ERP evidence is ambiguous due to significant differences across past procedures. (nih.gov)
  • The study shows that MCE might directly benefit inhibition and shows the need for more precise measures of exercise intensity in future studies. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, previous procedures may not have sufficiently engaged the inhibition process during tasks. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical correlations of the resulting differential ReHo parameters between both states and clinical measures of tic frequency, voluntary tic inhibition and premonitory urges were also performed. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Two tone inhibition was studied using a frequency near the unit's characteristic frequency and one that was approximately 10 to 15dB higher than threshold. (cdc.gov)
  • Two tone inhibition was affected when either tone occurred in a frequency region in which there was a loss of sensitivity. (cdc.gov)
  • The radicular LBP caused by spinal stenosis is probably related to the inhibition of normal nerve root vascular flow with resultant nerve root nutrition, nerve root edema, and nerve root dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • The results obtained showed a possibility of pattern recognition of the above pollutants by their inhibition effect on the three bacteria used. (shu.ac.uk)
  • The principal aim of Dr. Liu's research is to evaluate the reversal effects of selected chemicals on anesthetic-induced neural cell damage. (fda.gov)