Neural embryonic stem cell embryonic structures. Medical search. Frequent questions

Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that rostro-caudal organization was already established at 24 h of differentiation, and that the first markers of a neural-specific transcription program emerged in the rostral cells at 48 h. (nature.com)
The exact process of differentiation is not yet understood and although embryonic stem cells can, in principle, provide for all human tissue, scientists are some way from controlling the process. (spiked-online.com)
We've captured these phases of stem cell specialization, or differentiation, in a dish," says Zambidis. (sciencedaily.com)
In this thesis, I dissect the roles of the de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 3A and 3B in neural crest specification, migration and differentiation. (caltech.edu)
Thus, DNMT3B regulates the duration of neural crest production by the neural tube and the timing of their differentiation. (caltech.edu)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
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With the formation of neural rosettes, neural tube development and neural differentiation can be modeled using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro . (creative-biolabs.com)
Fig.2 Involvement of active BMP signaling in differentiation and formation of neural rosettes. (creative-biolabs.com)
The hPSCs-based neural rosettes have been widely used as models for the research of neural tube development as well as neural differentiation in vitro . (creative-biolabs.com)
Differentiation of neural rosettes from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro is sequentially regulated on a molecular level and accomplished by the mechanism reminiscent of secondary neurulation. (creative-biolabs.com)
Therefore, gene activity is an important mechanism in embryonic development and adult stem cell differentiation. (edu.au)
In this study, it was observed that the ion implantation stimulated the neural proliferation and the implantation of different ions on cell culture surfaces was essential to determine the effects of this technique on adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis properties of cells in details. (omicsonline.org)
Morphological changes during cell differentiation are linked to IF network remodeling. (biomedcentral.com)
However, little is known concerning the presence and the role of IFs in embryonic stem (ES) cells and during their differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
We have examined the expression profile of synemin isoforms in mouse pluripotent ES cells and during their neural differentiation induced by retinoic acid. (biomedcentral.com)
Synemin H was produced only in neural precursors when neural differentiation started, concurrently with synemin M, nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. (biomedcentral.com)
However, both synemin H and M were restricted to the progenitor line during the neural differentiation program. (biomedcentral.com)
His research in Athens focused on the regulation of neuronal differentiation and specification, studying the role of genes that coordinate cell cycle exit and differentiation of neural stem cells during embryonic development. (bioacademy.gr)
His research interests are focused on how epigenetic mechanisms can regulate cell differentiation and proliferation during development, in health and disease. (bioacademy.gr)
2013). The role of nuclear receptors in controlling the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. (bioacademy.gr)
To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
Physics & Astronomy Professor and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute member Dr. Horacio Castillo and recent alumnus Dr. Sai Teja Pusuluri have developed a novel approach to characterize cell differentiation. (ohio-forum.com)
For decades, scientists have described the process of cell differentiation using the "epigenetic landscape" image, which visualizes a differentiating cell as a sphere that travels across a landscape and eventually settles into a "valley," representing a differentiated cell type. (ohio-forum.com)
According to Waddington's epigenetic landscape, cell differentiation is determined by the movement of a cell through a series of paths that lead to basins, representing its possible mature forms. (ohio-forum.com)
With this model, the group described how landscapes govern cell differentiation. (ohio-forum.com)
The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)
This general definition includes a wide variety of cells with varying degrees of differentiation potential. (thefutureofthings.com)
Our findings may have implications for research on liver differentiation from embryonic stem cells. (xenbase.org)
Her group has continued to make pioneering contributions to the field of neural stem cell research, identifying factors intrinsic to these cells as well as external signaling molecules from the niche that participate in their self-renewal and differentiation. (ny.gov)
Kusek G, Campbell M, Doyle F, Tenenbaum SA, Kiebler M, Temple S (2012) Segregation of the double-stranded RNA binding protein Stau2 during mammalian asymmetric neural stem cell division promotes lineage progression and differentiation. (ny.gov)
These osteoinductive factors enhance the activation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to develop into mature bone. (medscape.com)
the EST, which assesses the effects of compounds on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into contracting cardiomyocytes, can be used to rank the potency of chemicals within a series of alkoxyacetic acid metabolites formed from The implementation of the European REACH (Registration, glycol ethers. (cdc.gov)
At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)

1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
The results suggest that de novo DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mark used for cell fate restriction of progenitor cells during neural crest cell fate specification. (caltech.edu)
It is the developmental characteristic of neural progenitor cells in differentiated embryonic stem cell cultures. (creative-biolabs.com)
In embryonic neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs), these junctional complexes are essential for the maintenance of the ventricular lining and the cerebral cytoarchitecture. (uandes.cl)
These findings represent the first evidence that synemins could potentially be useful markers for distinguishing multipotent ES cells from undifferentiated neural stem cells and more committed progenitor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
2013). Corticotropin-releasing hormone exerts direct effects on neuronal progenitor cells: implications for neuroprotection. (bioacademy.gr)
Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
Likewise, these cells give rise to progenitor cells committed to a particular cell lineage, and play a crucial role in tissue repair and homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)

But the new study reveals that it's also important in a group of brain stem cells - the precursors to mature neurons. (newswise.com)
In addition, continued high levels of Foxp1 at later stages of embryonic development led to unusual patterns of apical radial glia production of deep-layer neurons even after the mice were born. (newswise.com)
What we saw was that both too much and too little Foxp1 affects the ability of neural stem cells to replicate and form certain neurons in a specific sequence in mice," Novitch said. (newswise.com)
In addition, neural rosettes can differentiate into distinct region-specific neurons and glia. (creative-biolabs.com)
The neural crest (NC) gives rise to many derivatives including the neurons and glia of the sensory and autonomic ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, enteric neurons and glia, melanocytes, and the cartilaginous, bony and connective tissue of the craniofacial skeleton, cephalic neuroendocrine organs, and some heart vessels. (monash.edu)
Ex vivo emNCSCs can differentiate into neurons in Ret.k - mouse embryonic gut tissue cultures and transplanted emNCSCs incorporate into NC-derived structures but not CNS tissues in chick embryos. (monash.edu)
Therefore, knowing when and where to act is contingent on plasticity at multiple levels, from gene transcription through neurons and neural circuits to behavior. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been implicated in multiple forms of neural plasticity, and active (de) methylation is an important regulator of gene expression in adult neurons involved in learning and memory [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This is consistent with a negative-feedback loop, in which newly generated neurons modulate cell division of SVZ stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
Kisspeptin activates Ankrd 26 gene expression in migrating embryonic GnRH neurons. (sunwayuniversity.edu.my)
A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
However, when ectopically transplanted, neurosphere-derived cells from either region are largely unable to generate neurons. (silverchair.com)
With regard specifically to embryonic and adult cerebellar stem cells, we observe that they are able to give rise to neurons that resemble different select classes of cerebellar subclasses when grafted into the perinatal host cerebellum. (silverchair.com)
Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are structures containing the sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. (jove.com)
In 1989, Dr. Temple discovered that the embryonic mammalian brain contained a rare, multipotent stem cell that could be extracted and grown in tissue culture to produce both neurons and glia. (ny.gov)
CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
Prof. Lindvall and Dr. Kokaia were the first in the world to show that the brain produces new neurons in response to stroke which opened new possibilities for cell therapy by developing the way to modulate and direct brains this self-repair mechanisms. (lu.se)

The transcriptomic hallmarks of rostro-caudal organization recapitulated gene expression patterns of the early rostro-caudal neural plate in mouse embryos. (nature.com)
These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)
We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes-and their developmental association-in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution. (frontiersin.org)
Embryonic stem cells are derived from early embryos and have the ability to differentiate into any cell type. (spiked-online.com)
Stem cells can be coaxed to self-assemble into structures resembling human embryos. (technologyreview.com)
Two years ago, Shao, a mechanical engineer with a flair for biology, was working with embryonic stem cells, the kind derived from human embryos able to form any cell type. (technologyreview.com)
One result already from the Michigan team: dramatic close-up video of stem cells self-organizing into structures that mimic embryos. (technologyreview.com)
Johns Hopkins scientists have developed a way to study the earliest steps of human blood development using human embryonic stem cells grown in a lab dish instead of the embryos themselves. (sciencedaily.com)
The Johns Hopkins researchers' system involves the study of existing embryonic stem cell lines derived from in vitro fertilization methods, and so doesn't require generation of embryos through cloning, a technique recently reported by South Korean scientists. (sciencedaily.com)
In their report on the work in the June issue of the journal Blood, the Johns Hopkins team demonstrated a clear similarity between how human embryonic stem cells specialize into blood cells and how blood cells develop in human embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
Historically, scientists have worked on mouse and zebrafish models of embryological blood cell development, but ethical and technical barriers have stood in the way of an in-depth study of blood formation in human embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
These colonies can then also form the precursors of blood cells, in a structure similar to the yolk sac of human embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
Most importantly, Zambidis says, the stages of blood cell development he and his team found in the stem cell lines correlate with what is already known about early stages of human blood cell development in embryos in the womb. (sciencedaily.com)
My results in avian embryos suggest that de novo DNA methylation, exerted by both DNMT3A and DNMT3B, plays a dual role in neural crest development, with each individual paralogue apparently functioning during a distinct temporal window. (caltech.edu)
In the new study published in Cell Reports, he and his colleagues monitored levels of Foxp1 in the brains of developing mouse embryos. (newswise.com)
We report that LADs reorganize gradually in two-cell embryos and that blocking ZGA leads to major changes in nuclear organization, including altered chromatin and genomic features of LADs and redistribution of H3K4me3 toward the nuclear lamina. (bvsalud.org)
However, these models may behave differently from human embryos when the cells start to differentiate. (scitechdaily.com)

Analysis of the recovery of motor and sensory and vegetative functions of the spinal cord for 20 weeks after surgery using the cytological immune-fluorescent method showed a high viability of the transplanted neural cell precursors during the entire observation period and the early emergence of activity of mediators of nerve signal transmission in the implantation zone of the structure with accompaniment active dynamics of reducing neurodeficiency. (intechopen.com)
Zambidis and colleagues are currently using their model to study the next stage in blood cell development, which in a growing embryo involves blood cell precursors moving from the yolk sac into the liver, bone marrow and thymus. (sciencedaily.com)
Zerti D, Hilgen G , Dorgau B, Collin J, Ader M, Armstrong L, Sernagor E , Lako M. Transplanted pluripotent stem cell-derived photoreceptor precursors elicit conventional and unusual light responses in mice with advanced retinal degeneration. (neurotree.org)
Reeves' lab is now testing another long-standing but poorly supported tenet of Down syndrome research by using the mouse models to study the involvement of neural crest cells, precursors to structures affected in Down syndrome, including the face, heart and the nerves that serve the intestines. (eurekalert.org)
Embryonic precursors of liver and heart , whilst not sharing cellular origin, develop in close proximity through a dynamic series of inductive signaling events. (xenbase.org)

Fig. 3: Single-cell transcriptomics of dorsal and ventral MiSTR tissues. (nature.com)
They develop with three orthogonal axes and contain the primordial cells for various tissues derived from the three germ layers, without the presence of extraembryonic tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Gastruloids lack brain as well as extraembryonic tissues but characterisation of the cellular complexity of gastruloids at the level of single cell and spatial transcriptomics, reveals that they contain representatives of the three germ layers including neural crest, Primordial Germ cells and placodal primordia. (wikipedia.org)
Blastocytes obtained through nuclear transfers would be used to generate the embryonic stem cells that could be differentiated to specific tissues or organs for transfer to the nuclear donor. (spiked-online.com)
Pax-6 acts as a critical gene for the development of eyes and other sensory organs, certain neural and epidermal tissues as well as other homologous structures, usually derived from ectodermal tissues. (biolegend.com)
Like choreographed dancers, cells move in a coordinated manner to help form tissues, organs and limbs during embryonic development. (nih.gov)
In turn, these models consistently replicate a wide range of defects expressed by vertical transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus with a high tropism by neural tissues. (uandes.cl)
The method opens new vistas for studying how stem cells self-organize into organs and may help produce transplantable tissues in the future. (disabled-world.com)
They do not have brain cells or any of the tissues needed for implantation in the womb. (scitechdaily.com)
May play critical roles in patterning both mesodermal and neural tissues. (cusabio.com)
The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
Understanding how stem cells behave in the niche is extremely important in order to extract these cells from their natural habitat, expand them in vitro and transplant the stem cells back to the patient, to repair and/or regenerate tissues and organs, with no risks to the individual's integrity. (bvsalud.org)
Likewise, the knowledge of stem cell biology is crucial to the development of stem cell therapies, based on tissue engineering applied to dentistry, seeking the regeneration of dental tissues damaged or lost by caries, trauma or genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Therapies based on the application of stem cells have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injuries, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)
Most connective and skeletal tissues of the cranium and face ultimately come from the derivatives of neural crest cells. (medscape.com)

They are a model system an embryonic organoid for the study of mammalian development (including humans) and disease. (wikipedia.org)
Tyrosine phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II CTD is associated with antisense promoter transcription and active enhancers in mammalian cells. (mpg.de)
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are major components of the mammalian cytoskeleton and expressed in cell-type-specific patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
In the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP-positive neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neuroblasts that migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)
The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)

The neural crest is a group of migratory, multipotent stem cells that play a crucial role in many aspects of embryonic development. (caltech.edu)
Background: Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are a transient multipotent embryonic cell population that represents a defining characteristic of vertebrates. (monash.edu)
Our in vivo analysis also confirmed the expression of synemins H/M in multipotent neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult brain, a neurogenic germinal niche of the mice. (biomedcentral.com)
These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
Adult Human RPE can be activated into a multipotent stem cell that produces mesenchymal derivatives. (ny.gov)

Following this study, the Martinez Arias laboratory in the Department of Genetics at the University of Cambridge demonstrated how aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were able to generate structures that exhibited collective behaviours with striking similarity to those during early development such as symmetry-breaking (in terms of gene expression), axial elongation and germ-layer specification. (wikipedia.org)
Knockdown of DNMT3B causes an excess of neural crest emigration, by extending the time that the neural tube is competent to generate emigrating neural crest cells. (caltech.edu)
RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
They found that, in normally developing animals, the gene was active far earlier than previous studies have indicated - during the period when neural stem cells known as apical radial glia were just beginning to expand in numbers and generate a subset of brain cells found deep within the developing brain. (newswise.com)
Published on June 11, 2020, in the journal Nature , the report describes a method of using human embryonic stem cells to generate a three-dimensional assembly of cells, called gastruloids, which differentiate into three layers organized in a manner that resembles the early human body plan. (scitechdaily.com)
However, the worldwide shortages of corneal donor material generate a strong demand for personalized stem cell-based alternative therapies. (lww.com)
Since rodent models cannot recapitulate many of the human disease features, human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from Parkinson's patients have been used to generate brain organoids, greatly contributing to our understanding of the disease pathophysiology. (nature.com)
NSCs are derived from the embryonic stem (ES) cells or fetal and adult nervous system, and can generate different type of neural cells. (lu.se)
that is, they have the ability to generate other stem cells and perpetuate themselves. (bvsalud.org)
Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)

Development , Journal of Cell Science , Journal of Experimental Biology , Disease Models & Mechanisms and Biology Open . (biologists.com)
Lizards have been around for more than 250 million years, and in all that time no lizard has ever regrown a tail with dorsoventral patterning, until now," said study lead author Thomas Lozito, an assistant professor of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine at USC. (earth.com)
2014). Recent advances in the involvement of long non-coding RNAs in neural stem cell biology and brain pathophysiology. (bioacademy.gr)
When this connection was made, it launched a whole new field," says Isidore Rigoutsos, Ph.D., professor of pathology, anatomy, and cell biology and director of the Computational Medicine Center at Thomas Jefferson University. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Lund center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy is one of six Swedish strategic centers of excellence in life sciences, supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research. (lu.se)
However, further studies are required to gain complete understanding of stem cell biology, which is fundamental for the development of successful cell-based therapies 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)

Using a WNT-activating gradient, we generated a neural tissue exhibiting progressive caudalization from forebrain to midbrain to hindbrain, including formation of isthmic organizer characteristics. (nature.com)
Comparing the potential of neural stem cells derived from the forebrain and cerebellum, we find that progeny derived from each of these brain regions retain regional character in vitro as well as after homotopic transplantation. (silverchair.com)
The first morphologic evidence of the optic primordia is seen as a thickened area with a shallow sulcus on the lateral forebrain of the neural tube in the region of the future diencephalon. (medscape.com)

Our discovery provides important insights into the mechanisms that determine whether a cell becomes part of the central nervous system or peripheral cell lineages. (caltech.edu)
The different expression of isoforms H, M and L of synemin in the nervous system raises several questions about the regulation of synemin gene expression during the determination of glial and neuronal cell lineages in the central and the peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS). (biomedcentral.com)
Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural lineages as in vitro models for screening the neuroprotective properties of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden. (sunwayuniversity.edu.my)

The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)
In both cases, neural stem cells (NSCs) play a crucial role. (earth.com)
Embryonic NSCs, on the other hand, produce the ventralizing signal only in the cartilage region which becomes the lower or ventral side of the tail, allowing the dorsal side to develop skeletal and nerve tissue. (earth.com)
Yet, even if embryonic NSCs are implanted into adult tail stumps, they still respond to the ventralizing signal and cannot develop into dorsal structures. (earth.com)
Professor Lozito and his team used gene-editing tools to make embryonic NSCs unresponsive to the ventralizing signal and they implanted them into adult tail stumps. (earth.com)
The main objective of the Stem Cell Center´s Neuroscience Program is to study the properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) and explore the possibilities to use these cells for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and stroke. (lu.se)
The possibility to isolate and propagate NSCs and their potential applications in cell therapy have attracted a lot of research interest in recent years. (lu.se)

This uniquely vertebrate cell population forms within the dorsal neural tube but then emigrates out and migrates long distances to different regions of the body. (caltech.edu)
Second, I find that DNMT3B restricts the temporal window during which the neural crest cells emigrate from the dorsal neural tube. (caltech.edu)
Methodology/Principal Findings: We present evidence that neural crest (NC) competence can be acquired very early when human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are selectively neuralized towards dorsal neuroepithelium in the absence of feeder cells in fully defined conditions. (monash.edu)

Alternatively, transgenesis and gene targeting techniques can be used to introduce the patient's genes into the stem cell line. (spiked-online.com)
More and more we're learning that the genes that turn on in the embryo to make blood stem cells are the same genes that go wrong in cancer," he says. (sciencedaily.com)
DNMT3A promotes neural crest specification by directly mediating repression of neural genes, like Sox2 and Sox3. (caltech.edu)
The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
During embryonic development, the protein plays a broad role in controlling the activity of many other genes related to blood, lung, heart, brain and spinal cord development. (newswise.com)
Transcriptional activity is regulated by DNA binding transcription factors, but these typically act in more than one cell lineage activating different subsets of target genes in each. (edu.au)
By looking at which genes were expressed in these human gastruloids at 72 hours of development, the researchers found a clear signature of the event that gives rise to important body structures such as thoracic muscles, bone, and cartilage, but they do not develop brain cells. (scitechdaily.com)
Most DMRs were inside genes supporting neural development, synapse function, and other processes relevant to neural plasticity, and DMRs could affect gene expression in multiple ways. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, methylation altered by learning could flag genes for regulation only in certain conditions, priming the future activation of specific transcriptional states without disrupting baseline neural function by permanently altering synapses or cell homeostasis [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Numerous studies have shown that viral vectors can be used to implant osteoinductive growth factor genes directly into the paraspinal muscles or into cells that can subsequently be implanted next to the spine. (medscape.com)
For gene therapy, a combinatorial approach with multiple target genes, as well as more complex optogenetic approaches are studied, while for cell-therapy human induced pluripotent stem cells and human induced neuronal cells are investigated. (lu.se)

2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)

Fig. 1: Design of the MiSTR cell culture system and establishment of a WNT signaling gradient in hESC-derived tissue. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: Neural patterning along the rostro-caudal axis in day 14 MiSTR tissue. (nature.com)
A renewable, tissue culture source of human cells capable of differentiating into a wide variety of cell types would have broad applications in basic research and therapeutic techniques. (spiked-online.com)
Current screening of potential new drugs is done using cell lines derived from animals or 'abnormal' human tissue such as tumor cells. (spiked-online.com)
As he experimented with ways of getting cells to form more organized three-dimensional structures by growing them in scaffolds of soft gel, he was looking for signs of primitive neural tissue. (technologyreview.com)
Without any chemical manipulation or stimulation, the clusters of human stem cells first became colonies of cells that can produce endothelium, or the tissue that makes up the circulatory system. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers also examined human brain tissue and discovered that Foxp1 is present not only in apical radial glia, as was seen in mice, but also in a second group of neural stem cells called basal radial glia. (newswise.com)
The pain of inflammation, such as that caused by a sprained ankle or a cut on the skin, is a consequence of hordes of white blood cells rushing into injured tissue and spilling noxious chemicals that help fight foreign invaders. (nih.gov)
Until now, in most studies, the specialized cells were often either hard to produce or aberrant, and they tended to form a mishmash instead of well-structured tissue suitable for transplantation. (disabled-world.com)
The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)
Cell and Tissue Research, 355(2), 409-23. (sunwayuniversity.edu.my)
ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)
Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
Niches are special microenvironments in tissue where stem cells are located. (bvsalud.org)
A midsagittal groove appears as a result of invagination of the ectoderm centrally and simultaneous elevation of ectodermal tissue alongside the groove to form the neural folds. (medscape.com)
These neuroectodermal crest cells are believed to migrate widely throughout the developing embryo in a relatively cell-free enriched extracellular matrix and differentiate into a wide array of cell and tissue types, influenced by the local environment. (medscape.com)

In this work, the EBs were able to organise themselves into structures with polarised gene expression, axial elongation/organisation and up-regulation of posterior mesodermal markers. (wikipedia.org)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
Some people, he explained, have mutations in the Foxp1 gene that blunt the activity of the Foxp1 protein, while others have mutations that change the protein's structure or make it hyperactive. (newswise.com)
The diverse cell types are genetically identical, but differ in their form and function due to differences in gene expression. (edu.au)
Using a neural cortical stem cell model, we find that the epigenetic changes arising as a consequence of alcohol exposure are heavily dependent on the gene under investigation, the dose of alcohol encountered, and that the signatures arising acutely differ significantly from those observed after a 4-day recovery period. (biomedcentral.com)
This selectivity suggests that the commitment of CNS precursor cells to form glia or neuron involves the direct regulation of the single synemin gene. (biomedcentral.com)
The molecular substrates of this integration are poorly understood, but likely modulate neural plasticity and gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
The molecular substrates underlying this integration are complex and not well understood [ 6 ], but rapid responses to changing circumstances depend on flexible brain function, i.e. neural plasticity, which in turn is supported by context-specific patterns of gene transcription [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells exhibit different patterns in their gene expression throughout the life of the organism. (ohio-forum.com)
This allows for cellular reprogramming, modifying the gene expression to convert one cell type into another. (ohio-forum.com)
Working with Boston University professor Dr. Pankaj Mehta and BU alumnus Dr. Alex Lang , they simulated a computational model to describe patterns of gene expression in mouse fibroblast cells. (ohio-forum.com)
They constructed a spin-glass model, which fits specific patterns of gene expression to a discrete cell type. (ohio-forum.com)
The group is now characterizing the correlation structure of gene expression patterns among different cell types. (ohio-forum.com)
Main emphasis of Epilepsy Center is to explore mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis, and develop gene- and cell-therapy based treatment strategies for epilepsy. (lu.se)

Here, we model early human neural tube development using human embryonic stem cells cultured in a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
Development-on-chip: in vitro neural tube patterning with a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
However, it is essential that neural crest and placodes associate together throughout embryonic development to coordinate the emergence of several features in the head, including almost all of the cranial peripheral sensory nervous system and organs of special sense. (frontiersin.org)
The vertebrate head is a complex tapestry of morphological features woven together during embryonic development from a varied array of specialized cell types. (frontiersin.org)
We describe shared and derived patterns of neural crest and placode development in these animals and compare them to well-studied examples from traditional jawed vertebrate model systems. (frontiersin.org)
It's likely that the same method of picking out certain kinds of cells could be used to study processes other than blood cell development. (sciencedaily.com)
For instance, stem cells directed down the path of blood cell development might be useful to help treat leukemias or other blood disorders. (sciencedaily.com)
Zambidis says that if blood stem cells are to be used for therapeutic purposes, they would likely come from this next stage of development. (sciencedaily.com)
In recent years, growing evidence supports an important role for epigenetic regulation as a new mechanism for controlling aspects of neural crest development. (caltech.edu)
Pax6 is a transcription factor present during embryonic development. (biolegend.com)
Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
To achieve this, the scientists have initially investigated how lizard tails form during adult regeneration in comparison to embryonic development. (earth.com)
When mice lacked Foxp1, however, there were fewer apical radial glia at early stages of brain development, as well as fewer of the deep brain cells they normally produce. (newswise.com)
When levels of Foxp1 were above normal, the researchers observed more apical radial glia and an excess of those deep brain cells that appear early in development. (newswise.com)
During embryonic development, there are a series of morphogenetic events that lead to the formation of the neural tube. (creative-biolabs.com)
During embryonic development, the unique cellular phenotypes of the adult are established. (edu.au)
We have shown that MOZ/MYST3 is essential for the development of haematopoietic stem cells and that QKF/MYST4 has a critical role in neural stem cells and in brain development. (edu.au)
We are currently investigating the function of chromatin modifiers during embryonic development, in adult stem cell populations and in cancer, and modelling chromatin-based intellectual disability to discover ameliorating treatments. (edu.au)
Here, we report that mice encountering an acute exposure to alcohol on gestational Day-7 exhibit significant alterations in chromatin structure (histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation, lysine 9 acetylation, and lysine 27 trimethylation) at Day-17, and that these changes strongly correlate with the development of craniofacial and central nervous system defects. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations suggest that the immediate and long-term impacts of alcohol exposure on chromatin structure are distinct, and hint at the existence of a possible coordinated epigenetic response to ethanol during development. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively, our results indicate that alcohol-induced modifications to chromatin structure persist beyond the window of exposure, and likely contribute to the development of fetal alcohol syndrome-associated congenital abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
Defective cell migration during development can lead to a wide range of birth defects that cause physical, intellectual or developmental disability and other health problems. (nih.gov)
To better understand how our cells get moving during development, scientists have turned to another transparent organism, C. elegans. (nih.gov)
In one stage of development, certain cells migrate from the embryo's surface to its interior to form internal structures. (nih.gov)
This chapter summarizes relevant aspects of the structure and function of AJs during brain development and provides novel insights that may contribute to the current knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS). (uandes.cl)
In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after the fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell. (disabled-world.com)
An egg meets a sperm - a necessary first step in life's beginnings and a common first step in embryonic development research. (disabled-world.com)
Our analysis of mouse development from embryonic day 5 to 15 (E5 to E15) has demonstrated that synemin M mRNA is produced at E5 as early as nestin and vimentin mRNA, prior to the appearance of the H isoform. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientists from the University of Cambridge, in collaboration with the Hubrecht Institute in The Netherlands, have developed a new model to study an early stage of human development using human embryonic stem cells. (scitechdaily.com)
This is a hugely exciting new model system, which will allow us to reveal and probe the processes of early human embryonic development in the lab for the first time. (scitechdaily.com)
2016). Nuclear receptor NR5A2 controls neural stem cell fate decisions during development. (bioacademy.gr)
Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)
In vitro toxicity data of these metabolites derived in the development of validated and accepted in vitro and in silico embryonic stem cell test were used as input in the PBK model to extrapolate in vitro concentration-response curves to predicted approaches is urgently needed. (cdc.gov)
By the end of week 2, the development of primary chorionic villi is observed, the primary yolk sac is replaced by the secondary yolk sac, and the amniotic cavity appears as a space between the cytotrophoblasts and the inner cell mass. (medscape.com)
The embryo begins as a two-dimensional planar structure, and just prior to the third week, the stage is set for the development of the central nervous system in the area of ectoderm thickening known as the neural plate. (medscape.com)

The approach, named microfluidic-controlled stem cell regionalization (MiSTR), exposes pluripotent stem cells to signaling gradients that mimic developmental patterning. (nature.com)
Each cell population has its own distinct developmental features and generates unique cell types. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we briefly summarize the developmental mechanisms and genetics of neural crest and placodes in both jawed and jawless vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the evolution of the developmental association of neural crest and placodes from the perspective of the jawless (cyclostome or "agnathan") vertebrate lineage. (frontiersin.org)
Our study shows a developmental stage specific regulation of synemin isoforms in ES cells and its neural derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)

Generation of Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Trunk-like Structures: An in vitro Model of Post-implantation Embryogenesis. (mpg.de)
Incorporating microglia-like cells in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids. (neurotree.org)
Georgiou M, Chichagova V, Hilgen G , Dorgau B, Sernagor E , Armstrong L, Lako M. Room temperature shipment does not affect the biological activity of pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids. (neurotree.org)
Decellularised extracellular matrix-derived peptides from neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium enhance the expression of synaptic markers and light responsiveness of human pluripotent stem cell derived retinal organoids. (neurotree.org)

Mouse embryonic stem cells self-organize into trunk-like structures with neural tube and somites. (mpg.de)
In this microscope movie, filmed over four days, stem cells self-organize in ways that mimic a human embryo. (technologyreview.com)

Thus, MiSTR will facilitate research on the factors and processes underlying rostro-caudal neural tube patterning. (nature.com)
The understanding of secondary neurulation presents great potentials for the prevention of caudal neural tube defects. (creative-biolabs.com)

A microfluidic device used at the University of Michigan to cultivate organoids made from embryonic cells. (technologyreview.com)
To understand the multifaced aspects of Parkinson's disease, it may be desirable to expand the complexity of these models, to include different brain regions, vasculature, immune cells as well as additional diverse organ-specific organoids such as gut and intestine. (nature.com)

pink) populations in vertebrates, with some neural crest and placode derivatives listed on either side. (frontiersin.org)

From studies using a diverse range of model organisms, we now acknowledge that epigenetic modifications to chromatin structure provide a plausible link between environmental exposures and alterations in cellular function leading to pathology [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Work from a number of independent research groups have demonstrated that ethanol (EtOH) has the capacity to alter chromatin structure, which suggests that epigenetic mechanisms may be relevant to the genesis of birth defects associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Methylation likely supports "metaplasticity" (plasticity of neural plasticity), since it is a relatively stable epigenetic mark that also retains the potential for change [ 21 , 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, he investigated questions about the molecular mechanism via which chromatin structure, chromatin remodeling machinery and epigenetic modifications of the histone tails, such as acetylation and phosphorylation, influence transcriptional regulation. (bioacademy.gr)

In that study, small numbers of mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, were aggregated as embryoid bodies (EBs) and used to model and investigate the processes involved in anteroposterior polarity and the formation of a primitive streak region. (wikipedia.org)
Mouse embryonic stem cells are known to be tumorigenic - that is, they can grow uncontrollably and become cancerous. (spiked-online.com)
This year, for example, researchers in Cambridge, U.K., built a convincing replica of a six-day-old mouse embryo by combining two types of stem cells. (technologyreview.com)
Hilgen G , Lockwood E, Ratcliff JEJ, Sernagor E . Pan-retinal characterization of parvalbumin-calretinin co-expressing cells in the mouse retina F1000research . (neurotree.org)
Solely from stem cells, without egg, sperm or womb, synthetic mouse embryo models were created. (disabled-world.com)
The team set out to grow a synthetic embryo model solely from naïve mouse stem cells cultured for years in a petri dish, dispensing with the need for starting with a fertilized egg. (disabled-world.com)
In contrast, access to models derived from mouse embryonic cells, which grow in lab incubators by the millions, is virtually unlimited. (disabled-world.com)
Then scientists in Hopkins' Transgenic Mouse Facility inserted each of the engineered chromosomes into mouse embryonic stem cells, creating stem cells with either three copies of DSCR or only one copy of DSCR. (eurekalert.org)
Suggest GDF11 functions as encephalic regionalizing factor in neural differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells. (cusabio.com)
In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
physiologically based animals because a mouse embryonic stem cell line is used. (cdc.gov)

Ribes, V. & Briscoe, J. Establishing and interpreting graded Sonic Hedgehog signaling during vertebrate neural tube patterning: the role of negative feedback. (nature.com)
Neural crest and placodes are key innovations of the vertebrate clade. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, to understand the origin of the vertebrates is to understand how these cell populations became developmentally and evolutionarily coupled in our earliest vertebrate ancestors. (frontiersin.org)

First, I show that DNMT3A limits the spatial boundary between neural crest versus neural tube progenitors within the neuroepithelium. (caltech.edu)

If cell migration veers off course, serious health problems can result, including cancer, birth defects and chronic inflammation, such as in arthritis. (nih.gov)
Learning how this molecular clutch works could help lay a foundation for the future diagnosis and prevention of spina bifida and other neural tube defects, which are among the most common and serious human birth defects. (nih.gov)

Why some neural tube cells undergo a change from neural to neural crest cell fate is unknown as is the timing of both onset and cessation of their emigration from the neural tube. (caltech.edu)
Thus, DNMT3A functions as a molecular switch, repressing neural to favor neural crest cell fate. (caltech.edu)
2014). Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1) at the crossroads of diverse pathways during adult neural fate specification. (bioacademy.gr)
The cells of the ICM are no longer omnipotent, because they no longer share the fate of the trophoblast, and they have committed themselves to an embryonic fate with the ability to become any cell in the body (but not the trophoblast). (thefutureofthings.com)

Recently, she helped identify a novel, accessible adult human CNS stem cell in the retinal pigment epithelium, which offers the possibility of developing therapeutics for retinal disease. (ny.gov)

A population of ectodermal cells adjacent to the neural fold and not included in the overlying surface (somatic) ectoderm gives rise to the formation of the neural crest. (medscape.com)

Rb is directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining chromatin structure and that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. (biolegend.com)
Their cell lineage-specific effects are governed by chromatin structure. (edu.au)
However, while several chemicals can perturb chromatin structure acutely, for many agents (particularly alcohol) it remains unclear if these modifications represent transient responses to exposure or heritable lesions leading to pathology. (biomedcentral.com)
Unexpectedly, we do not observe a correlation between alcohol-induced changes in chromatin structure and alterations in transcription. (biomedcentral.com)

Adherens junctions (AJs) comprise cell-cell adhesion complexes that are organized as belt-like structures at the most apical-lateral plasma membrane. (uandes.cl)
The adhesions between cultured cells and the material surface are called focal attachments or adhesion plaques. (omicsonline.org)

CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
The neural markers expressed in neural rosettes include SOX2, PAX6, and SOX1. (creative-biolabs.com)

We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)

In the new work, Hopkins scientists and colleagues from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine used laboratory-grown dishes of human stem cells, in clumps called human embryoid bodies, and observed three distinct steps taken by stem cells on their way to becoming blood cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The carefully timed migration of groups of embryonic stem cells produces distinct layers of the embryo that are further shaped and folded into structures such as the neural tube, which gives rise to the spinal cord and brain. (nih.gov)
During gastrulation, three distinct layers of cells are formed in the embryo that will later give rise to all the body's major systems: the ectoderm will make the nervous system, mesoderm the muscles, and endoderm the gut. (scitechdaily.com)

Fig.1 Cell morphological changes during rosette formation. (creative-biolabs.com)
Calcium signaling mediates five types of cell morphological changes to form neural rosettes. (creative-biolabs.com)

They also suggest many novel hypotheses to address in mechanistic follow-up studies, and will be a rich resource for identifying the relationships between behavioral, neural, and transcriptional plasticity in the context of social status. (biomedcentral.com)

Blue marks DNA, magenta marks neural cells, green marks mesodermal cells. (scitechdaily.com)

Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)

Scientists anticipate that in the future stem cell lines will provide a virtually unending supply of pancreatic cells for diabetic patients, neuronal cells for patients with neural disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease, and a host of heart cells that may treat a variety of cardiac problems. (spiked-online.com)
It might be expected that the richest nation on Earth would encourage its top scientists to pursue this work with vigor rather than limiting funding opportunities, creating legal barriers and fencing off any newly developed cell lines. (spiked-online.com)
And it seems likely to remain contested for the coming years," says Jonathan Kimmelman, a member of the bioethics unit at McGill University, in Montreal, and a leader of an international organization of stem-cell scientists. (technologyreview.com)
Scientists funded by the National Institutes of Health are studying cell migration with the goal of developing better treatments for these and other conditions. (nih.gov)
Scientists used to think this migration began as soon as a 'motor protein' called myosin started up and tugged on a mesh of filaments just under the cell surface, causing the surface to shrink and pinch inward. (nih.gov)
He explains that scientists already know how to restore mature cells to "stemness" - pioneers of this cellular reprogramming had won a Nobel Prize in 2012. (disabled-world.com)
While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
A number of large biotech companies and scientists are looking toward stem cells as the basis for a therapeutic solution to cure such illnesses as blindness, diabetes and spinal cord injuries. (thefutureofthings.com)

In the nervous system, synemin was found to associate with ruffled membranes of reactive astrocytes and to also co-localize with α-actinin, suggesting a role in cell motility [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These early migratory Neural Crest Stem Cells (emNCSCs) uniformly upregulate Sox10 and vimentin, downregulate N-cadherin, and remodel F-actin, consistent with a transition from neuroepithelium to a mesenchymal NC cell. (monash.edu)

Changing surface characteristics of scaffolds was a way to promote regeneration and ion implantation was one of the methods to modify surface properties which play a huge role in enhancing the proliferation and integration of cells. (omicsonline.org)
2013). Prox1 suppresses the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells via a dual action in p27-Kip1 and Cdc25A. (bioacademy.gr)

But what makes a blood cell a blood cell, or a neuron a neuron? (ohio-forum.com)

Some adult stem cell niches have already been described, but the majority of them remain unclear, including the dental pulp stem cell niches. (bvsalud.org)

Neural rosettes refer to radially organized cellular structures. (creative-biolabs.com)

In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
[ 2 ] It can develop from direct open spinal trauma , from infections in adjacent structures, from hematogenous spread of bacteria to a vertebra, or postoperatively. (medscape.com)
These folds then fuse with each other in the mid line beginning at the junction of the future brain and spinal cord to form the neural tube. (medscape.com)

However, when Novitch's team elevated Foxp1 function in the brains of mice, cells resembling basal radial glia were formed. (newswise.com)
But in a Weizmann Institute of Science study published today in Cell , researchers have grown synthetic embryo models of mice outside the womb by starting solely with stem cells cultured in a petri dish - that is, without using fertilized eggs. (disabled-world.com)
Show that there is no age-related cardiac hypertrophy in disease-free 24-month-old C57BL/6 mice and that restoring GDF11 in old mice has no effect on cardiac structure or function. (cusabio.com)

Anatomy51

Organisms12

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment56

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science2

Differentiation46

Progenitor8

Neurons19

Embryos17

Precursors5

Tissues17

Mammalian5

Multipotent5

Generate10

Biology6

Forebrain3

Lineages3

NSCs9

Dorsal3

Genes11

20191

Tissue19

Gene15

Development39

Developmental6

Pluripotent stem4

Self-organize2

Caudal neural2

Organoids2

Derivatives1

Epigenetic4

Mouse11

Vertebrate3

Progenitors1

Defects2

Fate4

Retinal pigment ep1

Formation of the neural1

Chromatin4

Adhesion2

Markers2

Captured in vitro1

Distinct3

Morphological2

Transcriptional1

Mesodermal1

Transcription1

Scientists8

Astrocytes1

Neuroepithelium1

Proliferation2

Neuron1

Adult stem1

Cellular1

Spinal3

Mice3