RewardNerve NetNeural PathwaysNeuronsBehavior, AnimalModels, NeurologicalBrainChoice BehaviorOptogeneticsLearningNeuronal PlasticitySynapsesBrain MappingMotivationNucleus AccumbensConditioning, OperantAction PotentialsCuesPrefrontal CortexBasal GangliaReaction TimeDopamineAnticipation, PsychologicalConditioning (Psychology)Magnetic Resonance ImagingPhotic StimulationAmygdalaRats, Long-EvansReinforcement (Psychology)InterneuronsMushroom BodiesSynaptic TransmissionPsychomotor PerformanceNeural InhibitionOlfactory PathwaysDecision MakingMemoryAnalysis of VarianceFeeding BehaviorAssociation LearningEscape ReactionConditioning, ClassicalSelf StimulationGanglia, InvertebrateCerebral CortexLimbic SystemPunishmentVentral Tegmental AreaTime FactorsAppetitive BehaviorVisual PathwaysNeurobiologyRats, Sprague-DawleyElectric StimulationCorpus StriatumAnimals, Genetically ModifiedBehaviorAxonsVocalization, AnimalCocaineImpulsive BehaviorMotor ActivityImage Processing, Computer-AssistedBehavior, AddictiveNervous System Physiological PhenomenaMesencephalonElectrophysiologyLocomotionSensory Receptor CellsMacaca mulattaSexual Behavior, AnimalDendritesHippocampusProbability Learninggamma-Aminobutyric AcidGyrus CinguliSmellElectrophysiological PhenomenaOdorsCaenorhabditis elegansMotor NeuronsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsBrain StemFrontal LobeFearGABAergic NeuronsThalamusDopamine Uptake InhibitorsAvoidance LearningFeedback, PsychologicalHabituation, PsychophysiologicNeurotransmitter AgentsNeostriatumDriveEmotionsNeural Networks (Computer)NeuropeptidesPeriodicityCritical Period (Psychology)Extinction, Psychological