• In most mammals, the enzyme hydroxylates N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), producing N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). (wikipedia.org)
  • Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc are mammalian glycans that compose the glycocalyx, especially in sialoglycoproteins, which are part of the sialic acid family. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biosynthesis pathway of Neu5Gc from Neu5Ac was discovered by Shaw and Schauer in 1988, while the protein and DNA sequences for Neu5Gc, Neu5Ac, and CMAHP were described by Irie et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neu5Gc seems to be undetectable in human tissues because the truncated version of human hydroxylase mRNA cannot encode for an active enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sialic acids such as Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc are terminal components of the carbohydrate chains of glycoconjugates involved in ligand-receptor, cell-cell, and cell-pathogen interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because Neu5Gc differs from Neu5Ac by only one oxygen, it is handled like a native sialic acid by human biochemical pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the animal doesn't have the CMAH gene, then those animals are more likely to contain pathogens that attach to Neu5Ac (the precursor of Neu5Gc) and that can affect humans. (sciencebulletin.org)
  • Phylogenetic distribution of CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH), the enzyme synthetizing the pro-inflammatory human xeno-antigen Neu5Gc. (sciencebulletin.org)
  • The aim of this work was, therefore, to reduce CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase activity in a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line, and thus the Neu5Gc content of the resulting glycoconjugates, using a rational antisense RNA approach. (univ-lorraine.fr)
  • The presence of Neu5Gc and apparent absence of Neu5Ac hydroxylase activity in liver of chicken treated with GTA indicate that free radicals might be involved in the non-enzymatic hydroxylation of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc in liver, which normally does not express this sialic acid. (niscpr.res.in)
  • Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (Cmah) is an enzyme that is encoded by the CMAH gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared to the parental cell line, the new strain (CHO-AsUH2), which was transfected with a 199-bp antisense fragment derived from the mouse CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase cDNA, showed an 80% reduction in hydroxylase activity. (univ-lorraine.fr)
  • This deletion, corresponding to exon 5 of the mouse hydroxylase gene, causes a frameshift mutation and premature termination of the polypeptide chain in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc are mammalian glycans that compose the glycocalyx, especially in sialoglycoproteins, which are part of the sialic acid family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sialic acids such as Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc are terminal components of the carbohydrate chains of glycoconjugates involved in ligand-receptor, cell-cell, and cell-pathogen interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because Neu5Gc differs from Neu5Ac by only one oxygen, it is handled like a native sialic acid by human biochemical pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biosynthesis pathway of Neu5Gc from Neu5Ac was discovered by Shaw and Schauer in 1988, while the protein and DNA sequences for Neu5Gc, Neu5Ac, and CMAHP were described by Irie et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • This deletion, corresponding to exon 5 of the mouse hydroxylase gene, causes a frameshift mutation and premature termination of the polypeptide chain in humans. (wikipedia.org)