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MelanocytesNesting BehaviorMelaninsVitiligoMonophenol MonooxygenaseMelanosomesSkin PigmentationMelanomaMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorAntsPigmentationHair ColorNevusalpha-MSHEndothelin-3HypopigmentationSkinIntramolecular OxidoreductasesHoming BehaviorPasseriformesEpidermisHyperpigmentationPigmentation DisordersMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesNevus, PigmentedSkin NeoplasmsWaspsAgouti Signaling ProteinUveaReceptor, Melanocortin, Type 1BeesNeural CrestProto-Oncogene Proteins c-kitHermanski-Pudlak SyndromeUltraviolet RaysHair FolliclePhenylthioureaSOXE Transcription FactorsKeratinocytesStem Cell Factorgp100 Melanoma AntigenBirdsCells, CulturedChromatophoresCatechol OxidasePiebaldismMelanoma, ExperimentalMART-1 AntigenSongbirdsCell DifferentiationReceptors, MelanocortinAnimal CommunicationClutch SizeCharadriiformesPredatory BehaviorMelanosisReceptors, CorticotropinSocial BehaviorAlbinism, OculocutaneousReproductionBehavior, AnimalTerritorialityIsopteraOxidoreductasesMyosin Type VStem CellsMelanoma-Specific AntigensMaternal BehaviorEcosystemImmunohistochemistryCell DivisionSwallows

EpidermisAtypicalNevus cellsJunctionalPagetoidDermisAtypiaBenignPigment cells calledProliferationDermalMelaninMelanocytic neviMalignant melanomaSpindle-shapedCellsHyperplasiaNuclearOral mucosaLesionsHormoneBasal layerStromaMutationsBird'sSkinProteinAmountsClinicallyStructuresPresentSmallerSingleFoundDepthHair

Epidermis9

• From a pathophysiological standpoint, both nevus of Ota and Ito result from failed migration of melanocytes from the neural crest to basal layer of the epidermis. (medscape.com)
• Although unconfirmed, nevus of Ota and other dermal melanocytic disorders, such as nevus of Ito, blue nevus, and Mongolian spots, may represent melanocytes that have not migrated completely from the neural crest to the epidermis during the embryonic stage. (medscape.com)
• This means the hyperplasia of melanocytes is restricted to the cell layer directly above the basement membrane of the epidermis where melanocytes normally reside. (wikipedia.org)
• melanocytes "bridges" between sides of rete ridges, "lamellar fibrosis" (collagen deep to epidermis), mod. (librepathology.org)
• Junctional nevus (here seen in H&E stain and Melan A stain), where all nests are continuous with the epidermis. (patholines.org)
• nests of melanocytes in dermis and epidermis, melanocytes "mature" with depth, usu. (librepathology.org)
• The sections show melanocytes in the dermis and epidermis. (librepathology.org)
• There is no pagetoid spread of melanocytes in the epidermis. (librepathology.org)
• Melanocytic nevi are benign proliferations of melanocytic cells (also known as nevus cells) arranged in nests in the epidermis, dermis or in other tissue. (jcimcr.org)

Atypical1

• Histology shows proliferating small nests or single cells of spindle-shaped, atypical melanocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction. (clinicaladvisor.com)

Nevus cells2

• Histology shows nests of nevus cells that would positively express the following immunohistochemical markers: S100, Melan A (MART-1), SOX10, and HMB45. (medscape.com)
• Moles are flesh- to brown-colored macules, papules, or nodules composed of nests of melanocytes or nevus cells. (merckmanuals.com)

Junctional1

• 4A) Junctional tumor composed of numerous junctional nests of pigmented melanocytes. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Pagetoid3

• 1998). Pagetoid intraepidermal scatter of single melanocytes or nests of melanocytes (a feature often also present in melanomas) in the central portion of the lesion is not uncommon. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
• Pagetoid suprabasilar spread of single melanocytes and nests of melanocytes is present in this image from the center of the tumor. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
• Pagetoid spread of melanocytes. (librepathology.org)

Dermis1

• They are symmetrical, well-circumscribed and wedge-shaped, and are composed of clusters (nests) and bundles (fascicles) of melanocytes at the dermo-epidermal junction and/or in the dermis. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Atypia2

• No (melanocyte) nuclear atypia. (librepathology.org)
• Melanocytes show no apparent cytologic atypia and mature with depth. (librepathology.org)

Benign3

• It is a harmless (benign) hyperplasia of melanocytes which is linear in its spread. (wikipedia.org)
• In younger patients, most pigmented lesions are melanocytic nevi composed of benign melanocytes growing in nests or clumps within the skin. (barconnyc.com)
• føflekk) er en benign, ervervet melaninpigmentert tumor, som klinisk kan være vanskelig å differensiere fra melanom. (tannlegetidende.no)

Pigment cells called1

• This type of birthmark has pigment cells called melanocytes that occupy structures surrounding hair follicles. (drdavinlim.com)

Proliferation1

• Conditions characterized by lentigines include: Lentigo simplex Solar lentigo (Liver spots) PUVA lentigines Ink spot lentigo LEOPARD syndrome Mucosal lentigines Multiple lentigines syndrome Moynahan syndrome Generalized lentiginosis Centrofacial lentiginosis Carney complex Inherited patterned lentiginosis in black persons Partial unilateral lentiginosis Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Lentigo maligna Lentigo maligna melanoma Acral lentiginous melanoma Lentigines are distinguished from freckles (ephelis) based on the proliferation of melanocytes. (wikipedia.org)

Dermal5

• [ 6 ] The observation of dermal melanocytes in close proximity with peripheral nerve bundles in nevus of Ito suggests that the nervous system is a factor in the development of nevus of Ito, although the true pathogenesis remains unknown. (medscape.com)
• dermal melanocytes lack nucleoli, lack mitoses and "mature with depth" -- see Note 1 . (librepathology.org)
• Irregularly distributed dermal nests of melanocytes. (patholines.org)
• SOX10 showing dermal nevus nests. (patholines.org)
• Rare melanocytic nests are seen at the dermal-epidermal junction. (librepathology.org)

Melanin3

• Freckles have a relatively normal number of melanocytes but an increased amount of melanin. (wikipedia.org)
• 4B) The melanocytes are oval or spindle-shaped, and contain melanin pigment. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
• Melanocytes have the unique ability to produce the pigment melanin and can be found in the skin, mucous membranes, eye, adrenal gland, and brain. (barconnyc.com)

Melanocytic nevi1

• This is in contrast to the "nests" of multi-layer melanocytes found in moles (melanocytic nevi). (wikipedia.org)

Malignant melanoma1

• Melanoma Malignant melanoma arises from melanocytes in a pigmented area (eg, skin, mucous membranes, eyes, or central nervous system). (merckmanuals.com)

Spindle-shaped2

• The melanocytes are epithelioid and/or spindle-shaped, and contain moderate to large amounts of amphophilic or ground-glass cytoplasm. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
• 2B-C) Lesion is composed of fascicles and nests of epithelioid and spindle-shaped melanocytes with moderate amounts of amphophilic cytoplasm. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Cells11

• In the oral mucosa, melanocytes are observed in a ratio of about 1 melanocyte to 10 basal cells. (medscape.com)
• This photo shows a blue nevus composed of dark pigmented cells (melanocytes). (merckmanuals.com)
• Nodular tumor aggregates may be of varying sizes, but tumor cells tend to align more densely in a palisade pattern at the periphery of these nests (see the image below). (medscape.com)
• Moles are common normal growths of the skin due to nests of cells called melanocytes. (fairfieldderm.com)
• Melanocytes are the cells in our skin responsible for the development of pigmentation. (fairfieldderm.com)
• Malignant melanomas are cancers involving specialized cells called melanocytes. (barconnyc.com)
• Histologically, these have nests of naevus cells along the dermoepidermal junction. (dermnetnz.org)
• Melanins are synthesized within the melanocyte cells of a bird's body and work with feather follicles to produce color. (snjtoday.com)
• These nests of pigment cells are out of the reach of lasers. (drdavinlim.com)
• In some people, nests of cells that composed the fetal notochord remain (unnaturally) after birth. (virtualmedstudent.com)
• S-100 proteins have numerous intracellular functions and are commonly present in cells such as adipocytes (fat cells), chondrocytes (cartilage forming cells), melanocytes (pigment producing cells), and Schwann cells, amongst others. (virtualmedstudent.com)

Hyperplasia1

• Artifactual clefts are common around intraepidermal nests, and there is epidermal hyperplasia and prominence of the epidermal granular layer. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Nuclear2

• Maturation (decrease in nuclear size of melanocytes with chromatin becoming darker accompanied by reduction in the amount of cytoplasm) with depth is present in many cases (Requena et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
• Melanocytes show mild nuclear enlargement but mature with depth. (librepathology.org)

Oral mucosa1

• Blå nevus er den nest vanligste typen melaninpigmentert nevus i oral mucosa, med rapportert forekomst fra 16,5 % til 36 % av samtlige orale nevi (3 - 5). (tannlegetidende.no)

Lesions2

• Instead, it has been discovered that the melanocytes present in these lesions often contain a mutation in a G-coupled protein gene, GNAQ . (medscape.com)
• Lesions involving neck may be associated with leptomeningeal melanocytes and may produce seizures, hydrocephalus and mental changes [2]. (jcimcr.org)

Hormone3

• The keratinocytes in UV-irradiated skin produce and secrete α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. (ewha.ac.kr)
• α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone upregulates the expression of MITF in melanocytes through the cAMP‒protein kinase A‒CREB signaling pathway. (ewha.ac.kr)
• 1994), for the Melanocyte-stimulating hormone protects from EORTC Melanoma Cooperative Group. (who.int)

Basal layer1

• Oral melanomas are uncommon (1.2 cases per 10 million population per year in the United States), and, similar to their cutaneous counterparts, they are thought to arise primarily from melanocytes in the basal layer of the squamous mucosa. (medscape.com)

Stroma2

• Cleft formation, known as retraction artifact, commonly occurs between BCC nests and stroma because of shrinkage of mucin during tissue fixation and staining. (medscape.com)
• It arises from the melanocytes in the choroidal stroma. (entokey.com)

Mutations1

• It is generally agreed that ultraviolet-light-induced mutations in melanocytes is the single most important environmental factor in the induction of cutaneous melanomas. (barconnyc.com)

Bird's3

• This protein may be partially responsible for the severe allergic reactions that sometimes occur among young children who consume edible bird's nest products. (researchgate.net)
• Three of the most common adulterants found in retail bird's nests are karaya gum, red seaweed, and tremella fungus, and they are routinely incorporated during commercial processing prior to final sale. (researchgate.net)
• Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a highly valuable food product obtained from swiftlet nests, primarily those of the Aerodramus genus. (researchgate.net)

Skin3

• Schwann cell precursors have been shown to be a source of melanocytes in skin. (medscape.com)
• Facial skin has the greatest number of melanocytes. (medscape.com)
• Although rare, melanomas can arise in tissue other than the skin at any site that contains melanocytes. (barconnyc.com)

Protein1

• It was also found that both nests share a common 77 KDa protein that has properties similar to those of the ovotransferrin protein in eggs. (researchgate.net)

Amounts1

• Melanocytes often contain abundant pigment , but the amounts can vary. (webpathology.com)

Clinically1

• 3 Although it may arise from a congenital nest of melanocytes, a choroidal nevus may not become pigmented or clinically evident until puberty or young adulthood. (entokey.com)

Structures1

• Melanocytes are found adjacent to adnexal structures and blood vessels. (librepathology.org)

Present2

• Hyperpigmented melanocytes - may be present in increased quantities - key feature . (librepathology.org)
• Superficially, melanocytes are in nests and pigment is present. (librepathology.org)

Smaller2

• Smaller nests with depth. (librepathology.org)
• They lay their eggs in other birds' nests, often those of smaller birds, seeking surrogate parents. (snjtoday.com)

Single1

• The incubation and fledging durations 23±3 days 43±6 days (Medway 1957;Langham 1980;Lim 2002) Swiftlets engage in yearround breeding activities between the months of October and February (Langham 1980) Construction of a single nest by swiftlets typically requires around 30-45 days during the breeding season, but in the nonbreeding season, this process takes approximately 60-80 days (Aowphol et al. (researchgate.net)

Found1

• It was found that SDS-PAGE electrophoretic fingerprinting might serve as a useful analytical technique for differentiating between white and red nests and for determining if the more expensive "blood" nest was adulterated with the less expensive white nest. (researchgate.net)

Depth1

• The melanocytes mature with depth. (librepathology.org)

Hair1

• Signalling by senescent melanocytes hyperactivates hair growth. (uci.edu)