• Human fibroblasts (0-20g/ml) were used to assess the predictive value of in vitro to in vivo modeling systems. (cdc.gov)
  • Human fibroblast monocultures were found to be insufficient to fully replicate in vivo fibrosis outcomes suggesting in vitro predictive potential depends upon more advanced cell culture in vitro models. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we investigate the effects of neural cell integration into the bioprinted skeletal muscle construct to accelerate functional muscle regeneration in vivo. (nature.com)
  • These approaches have achieved bioengineered skeletal muscle tissue fabrication with cellular alignment in vitro, and some showed a degree of therapeutic potential in vivo. (nature.com)
  • This study demonstrates the in vivo therapeutic benefit of adult MVSCs for peripheral nerve regeneration and provides insight into the role of MVSCs in BNB regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo investigation has shown that MVSCs can be activated by vascular injuries, become proliferative, and differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • DTEM) has developed and coordinated a mixtures program that includes trend analysis to identify the mixtures most often found in environmental media, in vivo and in vitro toxicological testing of mixtures, quantitative modeling of joint action, and methodological development for assessment of joint toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • This project represents a synergistic collaboration between two academic investigators proposing an innovative strategy which combines structural and functional analyses of NMJs in multiple mouse and human in vitro and in vivo models for muscle denervation induced by ALS-causing mutations SOD1, TDP-43 and C9orf72. (dtic.mil)
  • Twenty million Americans suffer from peripheral nerve injury, which results in approximately $150 billion healthcare expenses annually in the USA [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the regenerative potential of injured peripheral neurons (~ 1 mm/day) [ 2 ], the recoveries are unpredictable with unsatisfactory functional outcomes [ 3 ], especially in the conduit across critical nerve gap (larger than 10 mm). (biomedcentral.com)
  • While host nerve integration and formation of NMJs were evident within the implanted skeletal muscle constructs, we observed that the constructs did not support the full restoration of defected muscles at 8-week post-implantation, which is likely due to the delayed integration of host nerve. (nature.com)
  • The disruption of this connection leads to the destruction of sophisticated structures called neuromuscular junctions NMJs, the contacts that transfer the motor neuron commands onto the muscles. (dtic.mil)
  • More importantly, the bioprinted constructs with neural cell integration facilitate rapid innervation and mature into organized muscle tissue that restores normal muscle weight and function in a rodent model of muscle defect injury. (nature.com)
  • Esophageal longitudinal muscle may also play a role in peristalsis. (nature.com)
  • Electron micrograph of human omental vein showing longitudinal section of a sympathetic nerve axon containing neurotubules ( n ) in parallel with a smooth muscle cell ( SMC ) with typical pinocytic vesicles ( pv ). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • The upper esophageal sphincter ( UES ) and proximal one third of esophageal body is composed of striated muscle. (nature.com)
  • The typical patient with GBS, which in most cases will manifest as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), presents 2-4 weeks following a relatively benign respiratory or gastrointestinal illness with complaints of finger dysesthesias and proximal muscle weakness of the lower extremities. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, the gold standard for traumatic peripheral nerve injuries is doing surgery that directly repairs the discontinuity or bridges the gap with a nerve graft or a conduit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nerve growth factor combined with an epineural conduit for bridging a short nerve gap (10 mm). (thieme-connect.com)
  • A bioengineered skeletal muscle construct that mimics structural and functional characteristics of native skeletal muscle is a promising therapeutic option to treat extensive muscle defect injuries. (nature.com)
  • We also demonstrated the feasibility of using these 3D bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs to treat critical-sized muscle defect injuries with structural and functional restoration in a rodent model 2 . (nature.com)
  • Kline & Hudson's Nerve Injuries. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Operative Results for Major Nerve Injuries, Entrapments, and Tumors. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The functional motor recovery and cell fate in the regenerated nerve were investigated to understand the therapeutic benefit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results suggest that the 3D bioprinted human neural-skeletal muscle constructs can be rapidly integrated with the host neural network, resulting in accelerated muscle function restoration. (nature.com)
  • The lower esophageal sphincter ( LES ) and the distal one half to two thirds of the esophageal body are composed of smooth muscle. (nature.com)
  • A portion of vascular smooth muscle cell ( sm ) with an axon bundle in the adventitia is shown. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • We postulated that MVSCs may benefit PNR by differentiating into neural and/or vascular cell types in the regenerated nerve. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neural input into this bioprinted skeletal muscle construct shows the improvement of myofiber formation, long-term survival, and neuromuscular junction formation in vitro. (nature.com)
  • Influence of yohimbine on response of rabbit pulmonary artery to transmural sympathetic nerve stimulation. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • MVSCs expressed markers such as Sox 17 and Sox10 and could differentiate into neural cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These MVSCs can be differentiated into neural cells and mesenchymal cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The food bolus is rapidly pushed toward the esophagus by the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. (nature.com)
  • Esophageal peristalsis results from sequential contraction of circular muscle, which serves to push the ingested food bolus toward the stomach. (nature.com)
  • This involves two major phenomena, namely the sequential contraction of circular muscle of the esophageal body, which results in a peristaltic wave that pushes the food toward the stomach, and relaxation and opening of the LES . (nature.com)
  • According to these results, peptidergic nerves such as VIP and substance P play an important role in the impaired motility observed in the IAS of patients with HD. (go.jp)
  • One month following MVSC transplantation, the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) significantly increased as compared to the acellular group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We previously showed that bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs were able to form multi-layered bundles with aligned myofibers. (nature.com)
  • These constructs (mm 3 -cm 3 scale) consisted of tens to hundreds of long parallel myofiber bundles, containing densely packed, highly viable, and aligned muscle cells. (nature.com)
  • This strategy has been applied to develop a three-dimensional (3D) human muscle model with endothelium specificity and endomysium for the study of fibrosis 22 . (nature.com)
  • Neuropeptides have recently been shown to be neurotransmitters in the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory and excitatory nerves in the human gut. (go.jp)
  • The function of this muscle layer is unclear, but it likely is involved in mucosal movement. (nature.com)
  • In between these two muscle layers lies the myenteric plexus, which controls the motor function of these muscles. (nature.com)
  • Negative inspiratory force (NIF) is a relatively easy bedside test to measure respiratory muscle function. (medscape.com)
  • Also, a vascularization strategy using co-culture with endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts improved the survival of the bioengineered skeletal muscle tissues 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
  • Peristalsis in the striated muscle part of the esophagus is dependent on central mechanisms, involving sequential activation of vagal lower motor neurons in the vagal nucleus ambiguus. (nature.com)
  • One of the earliest events in ALS is the loss of the connections between motor neurons and muscles, which are critical for our most basic motor functions such as breathing. (dtic.mil)
  • We proposed to identify small molecules that prevent the disconnection or stimulate reconnection between motor neurons and muscles in ALS. (dtic.mil)
  • In this study, we transplanted MVSCs into the nerve conduits in a critical nerve gap injury model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peristalsis in the smooth muscle of the esophagus is dependent on both central and peripheral mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • There is then a transition zone where striated and smooth muscle intermix. (nature.com)
  • In addition, MVSCs enhanced tight junction formation as a part of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This occurs through sequential or "peristaltic" contraction of circular muscle in the esophageal body, in concert with appropriately timed relaxation of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters. (nature.com)
  • To clarify the physiological significance of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P in the IAS of HD (aganglionosis), many researchers have investigated the enteric nerve responses on lesional and normal IAS above the dentate line in vitro. (go.jp)
  • Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves are found to act on the normal IAS, but had no effect on the enteric nerves in aganglionosis. (go.jp)
  • Peptidergic (VIP and substance P) nerves are found to act on normal IAS, but no effect is observed in the aganglionic IAS. (go.jp)