Nerve or abducens nerve. Medical search. Frequent questions

The abducens nerve or abducent nerve, also known as the sixth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VI, or simply CN VI, is a cranial nerve in humans and various other animals that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, one of the extraocular muscles responsible for outward gaze. (wikipedia.org)
Interest in studying the anatomy of the abducent nerve arose from early clinical experience with abducent palsy seen in middle ear infection. (medscape.com)
In 1905, an Italian anatomist, Primo Dorello (1872-1963), offered his own theory on the possible cause of abducent nerve palsy in Gradenigo syndrome based on anatomical dissections done to study the course of the abducent nerve. (medscape.com)

A physical examination revealed isolated left abducens nerve palsy. (hindawi.com)
He was found to have isolated left abducens nerve palsy. (hindawi.com)
A 53-year-old male patient with diabetes presented 6 weeks after lumbar disc surgery with persistent headache, a fluctuant swelling at the operated site, and diplopia secondary to left abducens nerve palsy. (symptoma.com)

Multiple cranial nerve deficits or bilateral abducens nerve palsy associated with ENKL have been reported [ 3 ], but isolated unilateral abducens palsy is rarely reported. (hindawi.com)

The abducens nucleus is located in the pons, on the floor of the fourth ventricle, at the level of the facial colliculus. (wikipedia.org)
The sixth nerve nucleus is located in the pons, just ventral to the floor of the fourth ventricle and just lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). (medscape.com)

Damage to the peripheral part of the abducens nerve will cause double vision (diplopia), due to the unopposed muscle tone of the medial rectus muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Complete interruption of the peripheral sixth nerve causes diplopia (double vision), due to the unopposed action of the medial rectus muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms of 6th cranial nerve palsy include binocular horizontal diplopia when looking to the side of the paretic eye. (msdmanuals.com)
The principal symptom of abducens nerve palsy is the presence of binocular horizontal diplopia , as the eye is not able to perform abduction, resulting in lateral displacement [4] [5]. (symptoma.com)
Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness , resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and esotropia. (symptoma.com)
McGee S. Nerves of the eye muscles (III, IV, and VI): approach to diplopia. (medlineplus.gov)
Eye movement disorders: third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies and other causes of diplopia and ocular misalignment. (medlineplus.gov)
and TROCHLEAR NERVE are involved with DIPLOPIA and BLEPHAROPTOSIS . (nih.gov)

Palsy resulting from a cavernous sinus lesion can cause severe head pain, chemosis (conjunctival edema), anesthesia in the distribution of the 1st and 2nd division of the 5th cranial nerve, and paralysis of the 3rd, 4th, and 6th cranial nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
Injury to this nerve results in lateral rectus muscle weakness or paralysis. (uchicago.edu)
There is less chance of recovery in case of complete paralysis of the sixth nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
As the third cranial nerve controls many of the eye's muscles and functions, palsy of this nerve can result in complete or partial paralysis of the eye. (optometrists.org)
In 1904, Giuseppe Gradenigo (1859-1926), an Italian otolaryngologist, described a syndrome characterized by a triad of middle ear infection, ipsilateral abducent paralysis, and ipsilateral trigeminal neuropathic pain most commonly manifested as retroorbital pain due to irritation of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. (medscape.com)

Peripheral sixth nerve damage can be caused by tumors, aneurysms, or fractures - anything that directly compresses or stretches the nerve. (wikipedia.org)
In isolated cases of peripheral nerve lesions, no vertical or torsional deviations are present. (medscape.com)
Multiple Mononeuropathy Multiple mononeuropathies are characterized by sensory disturbances and weakness in the distribution of ≥ 2 affected peripheral nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
Therefore, this study evaluated neuroprotection and regeneration after neonatal peripheral nerve coaptation with fibrin sealant. (hindawi.com)
Overall, the present data suggest that acute repair of neonatal peripheral nerves with fibrin sealant results in neuroprotection and regeneration of motor and sensory axons. (hindawi.com)
Experimentally, a well-accepted model to mimic axotomy injury retrograde repercussion to spinal neurons is the neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
To date, neonatal peripheral nerve repair following neurotmesis is largely limited due to technical drawbacks. (hindawi.com)
The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)

Abducens Nerve Injury" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)

citation needed] Motor axons leaving the abducens nucleus run ventrally and caudally through the pons. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The abducens nerve emerges from the brainstem at the junction of the pons and the medulla, superior to the medullary pyramid, and medial to the facial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
The human abducens nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic pons. (wikipedia.org)
Mass lesions that push the brainstem downward can damage the nerve by stretching it between the point where it emerges from the pons and the point where it hooks over the petrous temporal bone. (wikipedia.org)
The central anatomy of the sixth nerve predicts (correctly) that infarcts affecting the dorsal pons at the level of the abducens nucleus can also affect the facial nerve, producing an ipsilateral facial palsy together with a lateral rectus palsy. (wikipedia.org)
The anatomy also predicts (correctly) that infarcts involving the ventral pons can affect the sixth nerve and the corticospinal tract simultaneously, producing a lateral rectus palsy associated with a contralateral hemiparesis. (wikipedia.org)
The abducens nerve emerges from the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction to enter the subarachnoid space, coursing upward between the pons and clivus to enter the Dorello canal. (medscape.com)
It runs up and anterior to the pons and pierces the dura overlying the basilar part of the occipital bone and runs in Dorello's canal (piece of bone consisting of the inferior petrosal sinus and 6th nerve) prior to their entrance within the Cavernous Sinus. (myneurosurg.com)
The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE . (nih.gov)
A somatic motor nerve originating in the abducens nucleus in the pons. (unboundmedicine.com)

This report is unique in two aspects: the unilateral abducens nerve palsy as the initial and isolated symptom of ENKL, and the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL. (hindawi.com)
The common causes of unilateral abducens nerve palsy are neoplasm and vascular disease in middle-aged people [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Herein we report a case with unilateral abducens nerve palsy as initial symptom in the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL and investigated the clinical feature of the diagnosis and therapy. (hindawi.com)
Unilateral absence of the left abducens nerve was verified using magnetic resonance imaging. (nih.gov)
A 45-year-old hemodialysis patient presenting with recurrence of SLE which manifested predominantly as a unilateral left abducens (VIth) nerve palsy is described. (elsevierpure.com)

Fourth Nerve Palsy, also known as Superior Oblique Palsy or Trochlear Nerve Palsy, occurs when the fourth cranial nerve becomes diseased or damaged. (optometrists.org)

Arnold's nerve originates from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve and also has a small contribution from the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)

The long course of the abducens nerve between the brainstem and the eye makes it vulnerable to injury at many levels. (wikipedia.org)
Iatrogenic injury is also known to occur, with the abducens nerve being the most commonly injured cranial nerve in halo orthosis placement. (wikipedia.org)
Traumatic injury to the abducens, or sixth, cranial nerve. (uchicago.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Abducens Nerve Injury" by people in this website by year, and whether "Abducens Nerve Injury" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Abducens Nerve Injury" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
The chances of recovery are less in children than in adults in case of traumatic injury of the nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
Nerve Root Injury and Plexus Disorders (incl. (sharecare.com)
Symptoms of nerve injury include paresthesias, loss of sensation and position sense, impaired motor function, cranial nerve malfunction, changes in reflexes, and impairments in glandular secretion. (unboundmedicine.com)
The assessment of nerve injury includes a careful neurological examination, sometimes accompanied by tests, e.g., electromyography or nerve conduction studies. (unboundmedicine.com)

This case suggests that isolated abducens nerve palsy caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection may improve with a conservative approach. (bvsalud.org)

Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled. (wikipedia.org)
the inferior alveolar nerves innervate the lower teeth and gingivae. (unboundmedicine.com)
The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (unboundmedicine.com)

Optic nerve swelling or jumpy eye movements (nystagmus) may occur at any age and warrants immediate work-up for a central nervous system tumor. (symptoma.com)
Within the layers of the retina, photons trigger a series of electrical and chemical reactions, ultimately sending electrical signals by way of the optic nerve, along with visual pathway to the occipital cortex. (medscape.com)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) In multiple sclerosis, patches of myelin (the substance that covers most nerve fibers) and underlying nerve fibers in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord are damaged or destroyed. (merckmanuals.com)
In this atlas you can view MRI sections through a living human brain as well as corresponding sections stained for cell bodies or for nerve fibers. (martindalecenter.com)
Throughout the years, in the absence of ancillary or diagnostic tools, many descriptive phrases, clichés, or analogies have been used to describe the eye, such as "the eye is the window to the soul," the "eye works like a camera," and "the eye is the only structure that allows us to physically see blood vessels and nerve fibers. (medscape.com)

Other processes that can damage the sixth nerve include strokes (infarctions), demyelination, infections (e.g. meningitis), cavernous sinus diseases and various neuropathies. (wikipedia.org)
Abducens nerve palsy may occur due to a myriad of infectious, inflammatory, genetic, or malignant diseases. (symptoma.com)

Sixth nerve palsies fall into the following categories: 3%-30% trauma, 0%-6% aneurysm, 0%-36% ischemic, 8%-30% idiopathic, and 10%-30% demyelination/miscellaneous. (medscape.com)
Patients older than 55 years with isolated sixth nerve palsies may require a less aggressive initial workup if they have predisposing microvascular ischemic risk factors, but no history of cancer. (medscape.com)
Abducens nerve palsies, or sixth nerve palsies, results in weakness of the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle. (symptoma.com)

MRI is indicated for any brainstem findings to exclude pontine glioma in children (most have papilledema and nystagmus without other cranial nerve involvement) and in adults who show no improvement. (medscape.com)
clinical examination was within normal except for bilateral abducens palsy, horizontal nystagmus and photophobia. (e-jnic.org)

The abducens nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the human eye. (wikipedia.org)
Cranial nerve VI, also known as the abducens nerve, innervates the ipsilateral lateral rectus (LR), which functions to abduct the ipsilateral eye. (medscape.com)
The abduces nerve then proceeds through the superior orbital fissure and innervates the lateral rectus muscle. (medscape.com)
Sixth cranial nerve palsy affects the lateral rectus muscle, impairing eye abduction. (msdmanuals.com)
The abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) is known for its very long travel from the brainstem to the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle, where it provides an important function by stimulating abduction of the eye [1] [2]. (symptoma.com)
The abducens nerve ( cranial nerve VI) is a motor nerve that supplies one of the extraocular muscles of the eye: the lateral rectus muscle. (neuroscientificallychallenged.com)
The latencies of the motor responses of the superior rectus and lateral rectus were 1.08 ± 0.22 and 1.02 ± 0.21 msec, respectively, suggesting that magnetic stimulation excites both the oculomotor and the abducens nerve at the superior orbital fissure. (elsevierpure.com)
The sixth cranial nerve is responsible for sending signals to the lateral rectus muscle. (optometrists.org)
When the sixth cranial nerve becomes damaged, it prevents the lateral rectus muscle from operating and results in an inward eye turn (esotropia) and double vision. (optometrists.org)

The nerve enters the subarachnoid space (more precisely, the pontine cistern) when it emerges from the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
Certain authors have divided the pathologies that cause abducens nerve palsy according to their anatomical sites (the brain stem, subarachnoid space, the petroclival region, the cavernous sinus , and the orbit), and numerous conditions, both localized and systemic, may cause this condition [1] [2]. (symptoma.com)
Then, papilledema , visual deficits, and symptoms suggestive of a central nervous system (CNS) infection of any etiology (bacterial, viral, fungal ) may be seen if the nerve is compromised in the subarachnoid space, as various tumors, sarcoidosis , pseudotumor cerebri and meningitis have been described as potential etiologies [1]. (symptoma.com)

A nerve that conducts impulses toward the brain or spinal cord. (unboundmedicine.com)

Arnold's nerve , also known as the auricular branch or mastoid branch , of the vagus nerve (CN X) is a small sensory nerve supplying the skin of the external acoustic meatus. (radiopaedia.org)
It is also responsible for the referred otalgia through the vagus nerve (CN X), in the case of laryngeal pathology. (radiopaedia.org)

To demonstrate that currently available magnetic resonance imaging techniques may verify the absence of the abducens nerve in Duane syndrome. (nih.gov)
We performed magnetic resonance imaging in a 36-year-old woman with left Duane syndrome, type 1, using spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state to obtain high-resolution T1-weighted images through the abducens nerve in its subarachnoid segment. (nih.gov)
The absence of the abducens nerve in Duane syndrome can be verified by modern magnetic resonance imaging techniques. (nih.gov)
Neurological examinations including magnetic resonance imaging failed to identify the cause of abducens palsy. (elsevierpure.com)
The authors have attempted to stimulate the feline oculomotor and abducens nerves using a magnetic coil (MC) and to determine the optimal reliable MC position for eliciting motor evoked potentials. (elsevierpure.com)
Doctors suspect palsy of the 4th cranial nerve based on the symptoms, but computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be done. (merckmanuals.com)

A 6th Nerve Palsy can be quite common in exams, as they can be caused via extra-ocular muscle pathology, rather than any intrinsic lesion in the brain, therefore it is still vitally important. (myneurosurg.com)

For example, fractures of the petrous temporal bone can selectively damage the nerve, as can aneurysms of the intracavernous carotid artery. (wikipedia.org)
The 6th nerve has a significantly close relationship with the 7th nerve at the petrous temporal bone and greater superficial petrosal nerves. (myneurosurg.com)

Central nervous system lesions of the abducens nerve tract are localized easily secondary to the typical findings associated with each kind of lesion. (medscape.com)
Nerves with axons that conduct electrochemical impulses toward the central nervous system (CNS) are afferent, nerves with axons that conduct impulses away from the CNS are efferent, and nerves with both afferent and efferent axons are mixed. (unboundmedicine.com)

Typewriter tinnitus, a symptom characterized by paroxysmal attacks of staccato sounds, has been thought to be caused by neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve, but the correlation between radiologic evidence of neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve and symptom presentation has not been thoroughly investigated. (ajnr.org)

The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
Sometimes there is a middle superior alveolar nerve that innervates the premolars and first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (unboundmedicine.com)
The fourth cranial nerve controls the actions of the superior oblique eye muscle and is responsible for turning the eye inward and downward. (optometrists.org)

Examination for a sixth nerve palsy involves documenting the presence or absence of papilledema, examining the ocular motility, evaluating the eyelids and pupils, and excluding involvement of other cranial nerves (eg, V, VII, VIII). (medscape.com)
The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)

In this video, I discuss the anatomy and function of the abducens nerve, as well as describe what can happen when the nerve is damaged. (neuroscientificallychallenged.com)

It is a somatic efferent nerve. (wikipedia.org)
The abducens nerve carries axons of type GSE, general somatic efferent. (wikipedia.org)

The sixth cranial nerve is the most commonly affected of the ocular motor nerves. (medscape.com)
Pain is a common feature of microvascular ischaemic ocular motor cranial nerve palsies (MP). (bmj.com)

MRI provides greater resolution of the orbits, cavernous sinus, posterior fossa, and cranial nerves. (msdmanuals.com)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether radiologic evidence of neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve is pathognomonic in typewriter tinnitus. (ajnr.org)
Groups 1 (16 symptomatic sides), 2 (14 asymptomatic sides), and 3 (16 control sides) were compared with regard to the anatomic relation between the vascular loop and the internal auditory canal and the presence of neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve with/without angulation/indentation. (ajnr.org)
05). Meanwhile, neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve on MR imaging was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 3 ( P = .032). (ajnr.org)
However, considerable false-positive (no symptoms with neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve on MR imaging) and false-negative (typewriter tinnitus without demonstrable neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve) findings were also observed. (ajnr.org)
Neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve was more frequently detected on the symptomatic side of patients with typewriter tinnitus compared with the asymptomatic side of these patients or on both sides of control subjects on MR imaging. (ajnr.org)
However, considering false-positive and false-negative findings, meticulous history-taking and the response to the initial carbamazepine trial should be regarded as more reliable diagnostic clues than radiologic evidence of neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve. (ajnr.org)
6 ⇓ - 8 Typewriter tinnitus is considered the result of dysmyelination and demyelination of the contact point between the arterial loop and the cochlear nerve that transmits an abnormal signal to the auditory cortex. (ajnr.org)

The signs and symptoms of the cranial nerve palsy resolved within two weeks of initiating corticosteroid therapy. (elsevierpure.com)

In fact, abducens nerve palsy is one of the most frequent nerve palsies encountered in clinical practice, with an established incidence rate of 11.3 per 100 000 individuals [3]. (symptoma.com)

Abducens palsy can be a false localizing sign with lesions that cause increased intracranial pressure and stretching of the sixth nerve as it ascends the clival area. (medscape.com)

Axons from the facial nerve loop around the abducens nucleus, creating a slight bulge (the facial colliculus) that is visible on the dorsal surface of the floor of the fourth ventricle. (wikipedia.org)
Sciatic nerve transection, early after birth, results in significant degeneration of spinal motoneurons as well as sensory neurons present in the dorsal root ganglia. (hindawi.com)

In children, it is the second most common after the fourth nerve, with an incidence of 2.5 cases per 100,000 in the population. (medscape.com)

A sympathetic nerve to the heart that carries impulses that speed the heart rate. (unboundmedicine.com)

Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control. (nih.gov)

The nerve may be damaged by closed or penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA or by facial trauma involving the orbit. (uchicago.edu)

Congenital sixth nerve palsy (Duane syndrome) is a well-recognized entity. (medscape.com)

Auditory nerve. (unboundmedicine.com)
A sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) It passes through the parotid gland en route to the ear, where it innervates skin of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms1

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes2

Abducent nerve3

Left abducens nerve palsy3

Bilateral abducens nerve palsy1

Nucleus is located in the pons2

Diplopia8

Paralysis5

Peripheral8

MeSH1

Pons10

Unilateral5

Trochlear Nerve1

Glossopharyngeal2

Injury9

Palsy caused1

Inferior3

Optic nerve2

Fibers3

Diseases2

Sixth nerve palsies3

Nystagmus2

Lateral rectus9

Subarachnoid space3

Spinal cord1

Vagus2

Magnetic6

Pathology1

Petrous temp2

Nervous System2

Symptom1

Superior4

VIII2

Anatomy1

Somatic2

Ocular motor2

Cavernous sinus1

Cochlear7

Symptoms1

Palsies1

Clival1

Dorsal2

Fourth nerve1

Sympathetic1

Horizontal1

Trauma1

Duane1

Auditory2