• Certain neuropathic pain states, including postherpetic neuralgia and trigeminal neuralgia, show a dramatically increased incidence in the aged. (nih.gov)
  • Neuropathic pain is "nerve" pain due to long-term damage of nerve tissue. (synergytmjpain.com)
  • The most common type of craniofacial neuropathic pain is trigeminal neuralgia (TN), whose prevalence is estimated in 5-30 individuals at every 100,000 43 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Trigeminal Neuralgia is a neuropathic pain condition where the peripheral and central nervous system are disrupted causing nerve pain. (orofacialpain.org.uk)
  • Nerve pain, also known as neuropathic pain, is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. (allofpain.com)
  • Study and Treatment of Pain (IASP) defines population affected are between 2 to 3 %.3 neuropathic pain as pain caused by injury, Its prevalence has been described in dysfunction, or transient impairment of the several countries, varying from 3.3 % in nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pressure on this nerve may also be caused by a tumor or multiple sclerosis (MS). (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • Multiple sclerosis can cause this pain, as well as nerve injury or a number of other causes. (neurology-clinics.com)
  • Before this new classification, trigeminal neuralgia was also classified as symptomatic and included cases in which the neuralgia was associated with other disorders such as traumas, tumors and multiple sclerosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conditions like multiple sclerosis and lupus can trigger the immune system to attack the nervous system, causing nerve pain. (allofpain.com)
  • In severe cases, tendon transfers or bone fusions to hold the limbs in better position or to release a nerve compression . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Compression or pressure on the trigeminal nerve. (thenassauguardian.com)
  • Meralgia paresthetica, also known as Bernhardt Roth Syndrome, occurs when a person experiences nerve compression. (10faq.com)
  • One of the most common causes of TN is compression of the nerve by a blood vessel, but there are multiple other causes including a tumor constricting the nerve, surgical injury or stroke. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
  • Abnormal breathing or paradoxical breathing can cause compression of the cervical nerves that become the brachial plexus between the anterior and medial scalene muscles. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Poor posture causes nerve compression and neck discomfort. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Nerve compression may also result from falls or head injuries. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Lifestyle adjustments like keeping a healthy weight and exercising regularly may greatly lower the chance of nerve compression. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Sitting at a desk or using electronics improperly may cause spinal misalignment and nerve compression. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Trigeminal neuralgia can be caused by an adjacent artery or vein compression, demyelination, or injury of the trigeminal nerve at the root entry zone (Helbig, Callahan, & Cohen-Gadol, 2009). (orofacialpain.org.uk)
  • Nerve related symptoms might occur as a result of nerve compression, trauma, inflammation, poor diets, lack of exercise, and also conditions such as diabetes, arthritis and others. (greenorganicsupplements.com)
  • Pressure or compression of nerves may cause neuralgia. (healthline.com)
  • Her MRI revealed blood vessels that were close to the trigeminal nerve, and I was confident that in this situation an MVD would be a better option than radiation. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • The cause of this health problem is oversized blood vessels compressing on the trigeminal nerve, which then damages the protective outer layer that surrounds the nerves (myelin sheath). (lifesavinghealth.org)
  • The main cause of trigeminal neuralgia is blood vessels pressing on the root of the trigeminal nerve. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • 4. Procedure execution: The surgeon performs the necessary interventions, which may involve removing tumors, repairing blood vessels, decompressing nerves, or correcting structural abnormalities. (hmsdesk.com)
  • Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy can range from mild to disabling and depend on the type of nerve fibers affected and the type and severity of damage. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The electrical stimuli on the skin preferentially activate low-threshold, myelinated nerve fibers. (medscape.com)
  • nerve fibers and myelin sheath. (lifesavinghealth.org)
  • Usually, pain is felt when a stimulus, such as a pinch or an injury, causes electrical pulses to run along one of the cables of nerve fibers in our body and into the. (researchgate.net)
  • The glossopharyngeal nerve receives input from the general and special sensory fibers in the back of the throat. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • As the nerve fibers travel from the face back to the brain, they are relayed through the brainstem where it's nuclei (or main nerve cell bodies) begin. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • When the nerve fibers of the trigeminal nerve are irritated or affected by this mechanical tension, symptoms of Trigeminal Neuralgia may develop over time. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • Trigeminal nerve symptoms are typically caused by injury or insult to the nerve fibers themselves or to the central nervous system itself. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • They achieve this by causing destruction of nerve fibers and wallerian degeneration of axonal fibers and Schwann cells. (medscape.com)
  • In some patients a constant background pain may persist, additionally to pain attacks, which can make difficult to differentiate the trigeminal neuralgia from other orofacial pain types. (bvsalud.org)
  • They will not only help to restore the normal function of the trigeminal nerve (by restoring the myelin sheath), they will also help to reduce any swelling and inflammation. (lifesavinghealth.org)
  • A material known as myelin covers the nerves. (healthline.com)
  • Disorders that affect myelin interrupt nerve transmission. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A pinched nerve, or radiculopathy, is a common condition that affects around 85 of every. (10faq.com)
  • TN affects the trigeminal or 5th cranial nerve which carries sensation from the face to the brain, triggering pain in the lower face and jaw, in areas above the eyes or around the nose. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
  • affects the nerves running from the top of your spinal cord to your scalp, causing aching, burning, or throbbing pain that starts at the base of your skull and travels up to the scalp. (neurology-clinics.com)
  • Focal neuropathy affects a single nerve, and people may notice symptoms in one area of the body, such as the face. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In most cases, trigeminal neuralgia affects just one side of the face, with the pain usually felt in the lower part of the face. (orofacialpain.org.uk)
  • An attack of neuralgia that affects only one side of the face in the cheek is a typical sign of trigeminal neuralgia where the trigeminal nerve is affected and a severe pain results when this occurs along with the pain, physical symptoms such as reddening and swelling also ensue. (herbs2000.com)
  • Neuralgia may be categorized by its cause or by the nerves it affects. (healthline.com)
  • Intercostal neuralgia affects the intercostal nerves, which run through the chest, rib cage, and abdomen. (healthline.com)
  • Peripheral neuropathy describes conditions that involve damage to the peripheral nerves, which are the nerves beyond the brain and spinal cord . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • 3. Incision: The surgeon makes an incision in the appropriate location to access the affected area of the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. (hmsdesk.com)
  • In addition, many neurological diseases do not directly cause hypoxia in the brain, but the final result is hypoxia in brain tissue, such as spinal cord injury, cranial nerve and peripheral neuropathy (such as trigeminal neuralgia, facial nerve palsy, polyneuritis, gravis Asthenia) and so on. (longfei.com)
  • Neurosurgery is the branch of medicine that involves surgical treatment of diseases and injuries to the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and arteries in the neck. (siddarthneurocenter.com)
  • Sidarth Neuro Hospital offers a full range of neurosurgical services, including cerebrovascular surgery, radiosurgery, epilepsy treatment, spine and spinal cord surgery, pediatric neurosurgery, brain tumor surgery and the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. (siddarthneurocenter.com)
  • The CyberKnife System was initially designed by a neurosurgeon for neurosurgeons to treat diseases in the head, the skull base and the spine such as benign and malignant primary tumors, brain metastases, meningiomas, trigeminal neuralgia, acoustic neuromas and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
  • We are renowned for providing specialised care when it comes to stroke, head & spinal injuries, brain tumors, seizure disorders, movement disorders and headaches. (apollohospitals.com)
  • It is characterized by unilateral pain following the sensory distribution of cranial nerve V (typically radiating to the maxillary or mandibular area in 35% of affected patients) and is often accompanied by a brief facial spasm or tic. (medscape.com)
  • a rarer condition, this type of neuralgia typically occurs in the neck or throat area and causes burning or stabbing pain. (neurology-clinics.com)
  • Neuralgia is typically a clinical diagnosis, requiring no imaging or laboratory tests. (neurology-clinics.com)
  • Typically, trigeminal neuralgia occurs in episodes that may last for second in several bouts, or for prolonged periods of time. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • Patients with trigeminal neuralgia typically have a history of injury to the cervical spine such as a motor vehicle collision, concussion, or whiplash type injury. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • Irritated nerves typically respond by severe pain, sudden pain that can become repeated over and over again. (herbs2000.com)
  • Nerve injury occurs when there is injury to the nervous tissue. (10faq.com)
  • A pinched nerve occurs when a nerve is compressed or under excessive pressure, leading to symptoms like pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. (onebodyldn.com)
  • You may be suffering from neuralgia, a type of nerve pain that occurs either in isolation or as a shingles complication. (neurology-clinics.com)
  • occurs when a blood vessel presses down on the trigeminal nerve where it meets your brain stem. (neurology-clinics.com)
  • Trigeminal neuralgia occurs in the distribution of one or more branches of the fifth (trigeminal) cranial nerve. (orofacialpain.org.uk)
  • Atypical' or 'mixed' trigeminal neuralgia occurs when there is a persistent discomfort between paroxysms. (orofacialpain.org.uk)
  • The phantom limb syndrome and the pain associated with it is a case in point, such pain is also possible and occurs even in all other types of surgical procedures that can affect the nerve, and additionally a severe period of shingles may also bring it on. (herbs2000.com)
  • Very probably due to the pressure, an out of turn healing reflex of the sympathetic nervous system occurs, when pain in the nerves come accompanied by the wasting of muscle in the aftermath of an injury. (herbs2000.com)
  • Because the pain always occurs along the path of a nerve , it's usually isolated to one side of the body. (healthline.com)
  • Microscopic demonstration of demyelination in primary trigeminal neuralgia. (medscape.com)
  • Literature review: One of the proposed etiologies for this condition is a localcircumscribed demyelination of the trigeminal nerve resulting in neuronal hyperexcitability and generation of ephaptic coupling, which would be responsible for the pain paroxysms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Greater and lesser palatine foramina (for palatine nerves and arteries) and posterior nasal spine Vomer 1. (slideshare.net)
  • In this comprehensive guide, we'll examine how your spine may create headaches and what a pinched nerve is. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Car accident whiplash may compress cervical spine and head nerves. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Too high or flat pillows may misalign the spine and increase nerve pressure, causing pinched nerves and discomfort. (onebodyldn.com)
  • This area of the spine is the most mobile part of the spine and is susceptible to injury and displacement. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • Injury to the upper cervical spine in a motor vehicle collision, sports injury, or after a concussion are very common predisposing factors to trigeminal neuralgia problems. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • These types of injuries produce a mechanical displacement of the upper cervical spine. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • The cascade of negative nerve impulses from the damaged tissues of the upper cervical spine may produce a hypersensitivity of the central nervous system to pain, a phenomenon known as central or peripheral sensitization. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • As a hallmark of trigeminal neuralgia, these symptoms that spill over from the injured upper cervical spine may be the underlying cause of trigeminal neuralgia problems in certain individuals. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • Mission's neurosurgery team is led by neurological and orthopedic surgeons who are nationally known leaders in minimally invasive surgery techniques, image-guided surgery for complex spine issues, advanced brain injury treatments, cutting-edge pain-management interventions and other groundbreaking advancements. (providence.org)
  • Utilizing state-of-the-art robotic and imaging technologies, our surgeons are able to perform the latest brain and spine procedures with absolute precision, resulting in smaller incisions, less tissue injury and quicker recovery times for our patients. (providence.org)
  • Whether you've been injured and can't walk or have sciatica or other spine conditions, nerve pain is never fun. (allofpain.com)
  • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) currently is one of the most commonly used forms of electroanalgesia. (medscape.com)
  • The anti-convulsant drug most commonly prescribed for trigeminal neuralgia is carbamazepine (Tegretol), which can provide at least partial pain relief for up to 80 to 90 percent of patients. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • Pain may be minor or severe, and may occur along the path of the affected nerve, most commonly on one side of your body. (neurology-clinics.com)
  • Many people have a problem with repeated attacks of this kind of neuralgia even though, as condition neuralgia of the trigeminal nerves commonly happens only once. (herbs2000.com)
  • It is likely that these post-injury changes in DRG electrogenesis contribute to the neuropathic sensory abnormalities, including chronic pain, that are associated with traumatic nerve injury. (nih.gov)
  • Uncontrollable movements and chronic pain can be the result of various movement disorders or nerve conditions. (mdwestone.com)
  • The neurosurgeons at MD West ONE in Omaha are movement disorder and nerve specialists who are adept at performing evaluations and can provide surgical treatment for patients with movement disorders, trigeminal neuralgia, epilepsy, and psychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and chronic pain. (mdwestone.com)
  • The nerve of the tooth is damaged by trauma or bacterial infection caused by a cavity. (thenassauguardian.com)
  • We'll also examine cervicogenic headaches and pinched nerves caused by trauma, wear and tear, arthritis, lifestyle factors, bad posture, and sleep issues. (onebodyldn.com)
  • After a trauma or accident, get medical assistance if you have pinched nerve symptoms such neck discomfort, numbness, or headaches. (onebodyldn.com)
  • The most common in a family of disorders, trigeminal neuralgia is caused by spontaneous, nontraumatic injury to a cranial nerve. (montefiore.org)
  • Nerve Root Injury and Plexus Disorders (incl. (sharecare.com)
  • Failing to control conditions like diabetes or autoimmune disorders can lead to worsening nerve damage and increased pain. (allofpain.com)
  • Trigeminal neuralgia has the potential to significantly disrupt patients' daily lives if left untreated or inadequately treated. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
  • The Occipital Nerve in the neck can be impinged on in forward head posture patients creating pressure on the nerve and neuralgia like pains. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Although TN presents a low prevalence in general population (i.e. 5-30 new patients per 100,000), trigeminal neuralgia is an important clinical concern both by pain severity and difficulty of its satisfactory control. (bvsalud.org)
  • The patients suffering trigeminal neuralgia have marked reduction in quality of life because they avoid any routine task that can trigger a pain crisis 24 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Trigeminal nerve symptoms differ from other pain syndromes in a few ways. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • It seems trigeminal neuralgia is initiated by a viral infection which may have been laying dormant in the nervous system - similar to what initiates/causes a herpes or shingles outbreak, and even bells palsy. (lifesavinghealth.org)
  • Are you suffering from nerve pain related to shingles? (neurology-clinics.com)
  • An infection , such as shingles , can affect your nerves. (healthline.com)
  • Neuralgia can occur wherever the outbreak of shingles occurred. (healthline.com)
  • Certain infections, such as shingles (herpes zoster), HIV/AIDS, and Lyme disease, can lead to nerve damage and subsequent pain. (allofpain.com)
  • More invasive surgical procedures can involve nerve ablation, microvascular decompression, gamma knife ablation, and more. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • The glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) is responsible for swallowing and the gag reflex, along with other functions. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • Pain from the glossopharyngeal nerve , which is located in the throat, isn't very common. (healthline.com)
  • Peripheral neuropathy is damage to the peripheral nerves and it won't go away on its own. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Neuropathy may involve damage to only one nerve (mononeuropathy), two or more nerves in different areas (multiple mononeuropathy or mononeuropathy multiplex), or may affect many or most of the nerves (polyneuropathy). (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Treatment for peripheral neuropathy depends on the type of nerve damage, symptoms, and location. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Bell's palsy is a type of cranial neuropathy that results from the inflammation of a nerve in the face. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Nerve damage, also called neuropathy, can happen as a result of illness or injury. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Neuropathy Pain Reliever a natural supplement for neuropathy is a natural formula to control symptoms of numbness, tingling, burning, nerve pain, pins and needles and peripheral neuropathy. (greenorganicsupplements.com)
  • What's the difference between neuralgia and neuropathy? (healthline.com)
  • Neuralgia is a type of pain that's caused by a nerve problem, and neuropathy is a type of nerve damage. (healthline.com)
  • There are many causes of neuralgia, including nerve injury, pressure on the nerve, and neuropathy. (healthline.com)
  • Neuropathy has many symptoms, including neuralgia, paresthesias (unusual sensations), and diminished sensation . (healthline.com)
  • Many people with diabetes have issues with their nerves, including neuralgia and neuropathy (nerve damage). (healthline.com)
  • Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes, resulting from damage to the nerves due to high blood sugar levels. (allofpain.com)
  • It is not until a definite diagnosis is made will the patient learn that the source of the pain is the fifth cranial nerve. (thenassauguardian.com)
  • Frequently Occipital Nerve Blocks, Greater Occiptal or Lesser occipital nerve blocks can also help provide relief and aid in diagnosis. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • A diagnosis of "Trigeminal Neuralgia" is not always meaningful depending on the knowledge of the doctor making the diagnosis. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • We'll also discuss pinched nerve diagnosis and treatments including ACDF and ADR. (onebodyldn.com)
  • The accurate diagnosis of trigeminal nerve problems and the underlying causes is essential for appropriate and effective treatment. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • However, damage to the brain tissue during ICV injection must be minimized to prevent neuronal injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • This nerve is responsible for transmitting sensitive information from the face to the brain and controls the muscles involved in chewing. (portifisio.pt)
  • The vestibulocochlear nerve sends balance and head position information from the inner ear (see left box) to the brain. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • When the nerve becomes swollen (right box), the brain can't interpret the information correctly. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • The body has limited ability to repair damage to the vestibular organs, although the body can often recover from vestibular injury by having the part of the brain that controls balance recalibrate itself to compensate. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • Mayo Clinic doctors trained in brain and nervous system conditions (neurologists), brain and nervous system surgery (neurosurgeons), brain imaging (neuroradiology), and dental specialties have extensive experience diagnosing and treating trigeminal neuralgia. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • Shenopalatine Neuralgia is also no as the Brain Freeze or Ice Cream Headache. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • The brain is composed of countless nerve cells and brain cells, and brain cells are very sensitive to hypoxia. (longfei.com)
  • The branches of this nerve merge and then travel from the face to the brain . (healthline.com)
  • The nerves are responsible for the transmission of information from the body to the brain. (allofpain.com)
  • Nerve pain arises when the nervous system malfunctions, sending faulty signals to the brain, even in the absence of any injury or external stimulus. (allofpain.com)
  • Usually, the electrodes are initially placed on the skin over the painful area, but other locations (eg, over cutaneous nerves, trigger points, acupuncture sites) may give comparable or even better pain relief. (medscape.com)
  • Pain episodes are normally triggered by stimulation of specific areas, so-called trigger points or zones, localized in the area innervated by trigeminal nerve 26 . (bvsalud.org)
  • This means that very minor brushes, touches, or even the feeling of wind on the face can trigger an episode of trigeminal neuralgia. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • As most of those nerves that are affected lie very close to the skins surface, even cold drafts or even feeling minimal cold sensations and even the slightest touch can trigger them. (herbs2000.com)
  • The excess glucose in the bloodstream may damage nerves . (healthline.com)
  • Exposure to toxins or certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs, can damage nerves and cause pain. (allofpain.com)
  • Clinical opinion discourages surgical resection of nerves proximal to the original injury site for fear of resurgence of ectopia and exacerbated pain. (researchgate.net)
  • Most conventional treatments for trigeminal neuralgia include pharmaceutical drugs that are designed to numb or blunt the sensation of nerve pain such as anticonvulsants. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • Chronic inflammation of the gums, swollen tissues and problems like scarring are all good and possible sources of internal pressure on the nerve. (herbs2000.com)
  • When your neck vertebrae are misaligned, nerve pressure may cause head ache. (onebodyldn.com)
  • physiotherapy, injections, or medicines may reduce neck and head nerve discomfort. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Factors like poor posture, herniated discs, or muscle tension can cause pinched nerves in the neck and head. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Many reasons may cause neck and head pinched nerves. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Accidents or sports injuries to the neck or head may also cause pinched nerves. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Car accidents and falls may compress neck and head nerves, causing pinched nerves. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Pinched nerves may also result from head or neck sports injuries. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Cervical spondylosis causes neck and head nerve discomfort. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Slouching or hunching may put strain on neck nerves, causing pain. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Poor posture may cause nerve discomfort, but stretching and strengthening the neck muscles can help. (onebodyldn.com)
  • physiotherapy, injections, and lifestyle changes like eating well and exercising may help manage and prevent neck and head nerve pain. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Besides improper posture, sleep problems including sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome may cause neck and head nerve discomfort. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Recognizing the symptoms of a pinched nerve in the neck and head is vital when it comes to diagnosing this condition. (onebodyldn.com)
  • These displacements may be highly sensitive neurologically due to the high concentration of nerve receptors in the joints, ligaments, and muscles of the upper neck. (zenithchiroco.com)
  • This type of neuralgia produces pain in the neck and throat. (healthline.com)
  • Characterized by extreme pain in the back of the throat, tongue or ear, glossopharyngeal neuralgia is characterized by sudden, recurring pain that lasts a few seconds or minutes. (montefiore.org)
  • True Trigeminal neuralgia is usually sudden short stabbing, burning, lancinating or electrical lightning bursts of pain. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is defined as sudden, usually unilateral, severe and brief pain episodes within the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. (bvsalud.org)
  • Trigeminal neuralgia is def ined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as a "sudden, usually unilateral, severe and brief pain episodes occurring in one the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve" 32,46 and characterized by severe, acute, electric shock-like piercing pain, followed by refractory period 3,24 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The presence of undetected tooth problems and abscesses and other dental infections may be blamed, however when such attacks of neuralgia keeps occurring. (herbs2000.com)
  • Toxic substances have a way of easily affecting and irritating the nerves, while recurring attacks can also equally easily result from overabundant levels of these toxic substances. (herbs2000.com)
  • A very uncommon type of neuralgia called a post-traumatic reflex can bring on nerve pains, which come accompanied by wasting muscles due to an injury. (herbs2000.com)
  • As the needle enters the trigeminal cistern, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is aspirated. (medscape.com)
  • Addressing the causes and taking preventative actions may reduce nerve-related headache pain. (onebodyldn.com)
  • A persistent sensation of heat or tingling often characterizes nerve pain. (allofpain.com)
  • Fibrous gliosis develops in plaques that are disseminated throughout the central nervous system (CNS), primarily in white matter, particularly in the lateral and posterior columns (especially in the cervical regions), optic nerves, and periventricular areas. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Causes of TMJ include arthritis, injury, degeneration of the joint, and auto immune diseases. (synergytmjpain.com)