Nerve cells adult mammalian cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

GDNF, but not nerve growth factor (NGF), can prevent several axotomy-induced changes in these neurons, including the downregulation of IB4 binding, TMP activity, and somatostatin expression. (jneurosci.org)
At around embryonic day (E) 9 in mice, NPCs transform into radial glia, which are the primary progenitor cells for both neurons and macroglia during embryogenesis. (biologists.com)
After radial glial cells generate neurons, a 'gliogenic switch' occurs and they begin differentiating into astrocytes or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs, also called NG2 glia). (biologists.com)
Cell assemblies and central pattern generators (CPGs) are related types of neuronal networks: both consist of interacting groups of neurons whose collective activities lead to defined functional outputs. (degruyter.com)
It is likely that constituent neurons in a cell assembly can be spread over large territories, intermixed with many other neurons ( Wallace and Kerr, 2010 ). (degruyter.com)
The human brain has billions of nerve cells or neurons. (holistika.ee)
turn into functioning adult neurons? (scienceblogs.com)
But if there is no Intelligent Designer, and instead, things evolved, then it is quite possible that the lack of novel fully formed and hooked up neurons in an adult human (which seems to be the general rule of thumb, for whatever reason) is not necessarily achieved via some highly sensible planned out feature. (scienceblogs.com)
If it turns out that neurogenesis occurs in the adult human nose but that those nascent neurons never enervate, well, that is what we might expect evolution, which is not intelligent but, rather, pragmatic, to come up with. (scienceblogs.com)
But, when the question comes up "Do humans generate new neurons as adults" please make sure that the assumption that they do is not based on this earlier nose research, or on any studies that merely looked for new neuron proteins. (scienceblogs.com)
The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)
One theory suggests that ganglionic neurons and nerve fibers are lost. (medscape.com)
This increases the production of erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptors in the active neurons, stimulating neighboring precursor cells to form new neurons and enhancing connectivity. (neurosciencenews.com)
Experimentally, a well-accepted model to mimic axotomy injury retrograde repercussion to spinal neurons is the neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Sciatic nerve transection, early after birth, results in significant degeneration of spinal motoneurons as well as sensory neurons present in the dorsal root ganglia. (hindawi.com)
In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)

The regeneration of mammalian peripheral nerves after injury requires glial cells called Schwann cells (SCs), which dedifferentiate to a progenitor-like state to direct the regeneration process. (silverchair.com)
However, whether an additional stem cell population contributes to injury-induced SCs, and how plastic SC fate is during the regeneration process, have remained controversial issues. (silverchair.com)
The remarkable transition from quiescence to regeneration in peripheral nerves is thus orchestrated not by a resident stem cell population but mature cells with proliferative capacity and limited fate plasticity. (silverchair.com)
Regeneration in the adult mammalian CNS is a contentious issue. (edu.au)
Characterisation of the stereotypical reaction of nerve cells to experimental physical injury, as well as the existence of innate regenerative potential, provides insight into the nature of the CNS regenerative response, an important understanding for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at improving regeneration. (edu.au)
Therefore, this study evaluated neuroprotection and regeneration after neonatal peripheral nerve coaptation with fibrin sealant. (hindawi.com)
Overall, the present data suggest that acute repair of neonatal peripheral nerves with fibrin sealant results in neuroprotection and regeneration of motor and sensory axons. (hindawi.com)

Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. (lookformedical.com)
Taste is mediated by 3 cranial nerves: the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X), as displayed in the images below. (medscape.com)
Diagram showing lingual innervation via cranial nerves VII, IX, and X. (medscape.com)

We then discuss emerging roles for each glial cell type (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells and microglia) in regulating the development and plasticity of the nervous system. (biologists.com)
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) and Schwann cells are the myelinating glia of the CNS and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), respectively. (biologists.com)
NG2 is expressed in Schwann cells already associated with the NMJ, indicating that it is a marker of differentiated PSCs. (elifesciences.org)
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a tripartite synapse comprised of an α-motor neuron (the presynapse), extrafusal muscle fiber (the postsynapse), and specialized synaptic glia called perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) or terminal Schwann cells. (elifesciences.org)

As in other tissues, new cells in these brain areas can arise there only because of the presence of stem cells, which can both replicate themselves and spin off daughter cells that differentiate to become dedicated nerve cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Children absorb more MWR than adults because their brain tissues are more absorbent , their skulls are thinner and their relative size is smaller. (smart-safe.com)
The study examined the expression of Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) in adult and young yak brain tissues, and provided researchers with meaningful insight into the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of this mammal. (scielo.br)
0.05) expressed in the cerebellar cortex, piriform lobe, medulla, and corpus callosum of the adult yak while in the young yak brain tissues, the protein expressions were significantly found in the white matter of the cerebellum, pineal gland, corpus callosum, and cerebellar cortex. (scielo.br)
The findings documented that Ngb and Hif-1α are commonly expressed in various adult and young yak brain tissues. (scielo.br)
Multiple roles in the brain tissues of the adult and young yaks are involved in the expression and distribution and are proposed to play a significant role in the adaptation of the yak to the high altitude environment. (scielo.br)
embryonic stem cells that are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in adult tissues. (techxplore.com)
In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all of the specialized embryonic tissues. (techxplore.com)
In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialized cells, but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin or intestinal tissues. (techxplore.com)
Stem cells can now be grown and transformed into specialized cells with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture. (techxplore.com)
CDDs are slowly metabolized in mammalian tissues via oxidation and reductive dechlorination reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes, followed by conjugation to more polar molecules such as glutathione and glucuronic acid (ATSDR 1998). (cdc.gov)
Ectoderm is one of three germ layers--groups of cells that coalesce early during the embryonic life of all animals except maybe sponges, and from which organs and tissues form. (asu.edu)
A Non-Aggressive, Highly Efficient, Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Human Brain-Tumors and Brain-Tissues to Viable Single-Cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)

It has long been thought that these drugs act on proteins, known as adrenergic receptors, that solely reside on cell surfaces. (ucsf.edu)
A recent study by scientists at CVRI and the University of Michigan has discovered a previously unknown role for adrenergic receptors within cells. (ucsf.edu)
Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. (lookformedical.com)
1) Al-Attas O.S., Comparative studies on the major feature of insulin receptors in mammalian and non-mammalian liver membranes. (biochemistry4all.com)
This effect on longevity is apparently correlated with the midgut senescence phenotypes as a result of direct hormone action through both hormone receptors expressed in the enteroblasts or other midgut cell types. (bioone.org)
However, gut senescence does not appear to be the direct cause for longevity regulation, as knockdown of both hormone receptors did not affect adult lifespan. (bioone.org)
This increases production of Epo and its receptors in the active nerve cells, stimulating neighbouring precursor cells to form new nerve cells and causing the nerve cells to connect to one another more effectively. (neurosciencenews.com)
This is a self-reinforcing process: Cognitive exertion leads to minor hypoxia, which we term 'functional hypoxia', which in turn stimulates the production of Epo and its receptors in the corresponding active nerve cells. (neurosciencenews.com)

Contributors discuss the various components of the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, glands, and nerve endings that make up the skin, the molecular pathways and processes that underlie their development and function, and what happens when these processes go awry. (cshlpress.com)
These results indicate that the two intestinal secretory peptides antagonistically regulate adult lifespan and intestinal senescence through multiple pathways, irrespective of insulin, which implicates a complementary gradient distribution of each of the hormone-producing EEs, consistent with local requirements for cell activity along the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
Figure 2: Core signalling in the mammalian TGFβ-SMAD pathways. (nature.com)

Macroglia - astrocytes and the oligodendrocyte lineage - arise from neuroepithelial progenitor cells (NPCs) in the embryonic neural tube and forebrain ( Rowitch and Kriegstein, 2010 ). (biologists.com)
After their injury-induced dedifferentiation, mSCs remyelinate normally, and the authors find no evidence in support of an additional stem cell or progenitor population contributing to SCs. (silverchair.com)
Our data suggest that, epigenetically, adult murine RPE cells are a progenitor-like cell type. (nih.gov)

In 2008 Joe Wiart, a senior researcher for French telecom and Orange reported that the brain tissue of children absorbed about two times more MWR than adults' brain tissue [3] . (smart-safe.com)
In this study, we investigated the epigenetic plasticity of adult murine RPE to identify possible mechanisms that prevent mammalian RPE from regenerating retinal tissue. (nih.gov)
However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. (frontiersin.org)
In major cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and heart attack, loss of blood flow causes loss of oxygen (ischemia), leading to tissue damage and cell deaths. (ucsf.edu)
Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue. (lookformedical.com)
Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. (lookformedical.com)
The important functions of skin stem cell populations in tissue development, homeostasis, and repair are described, as are the roles of resident and recruited cells in inflammatory responses. (cshlpress.com)
In the amastigote form, parasites can multiply in the cells of virtually every organ and tissue. (medscape.com)
Yet another theory points to an autoimmune mechanism, as suggested by the findings of monoclonal antibodies with cross-reactivity between T cruzi and mammalian nervous tissue. (medscape.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most commonly used cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (frontiersin.org)
MSCs can promote host tissue repair through several different mechanisms including donor cell engraftment, release of cell signaling factors, and the transfer of healthy organelles to the host. (frontiersin.org)
In our experiments we also study cell and tissue properties (nerve and muscle) that are important in generating the behavioral characteristics observed. (ucla.edu)

Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)
In the adult, faint fluorescence is detectable only in gray matter, presumably indicating the presence of the 140 kD rather than the fetal antigen. (rupress.org)

Importantly, in gray matter, lipo-AF signal can confound the interpretation of antibody-labeled synaptic material within microglia in young adult mice. (umassmed.edu)
Nature - Pump, rest, leak, repeat by Dr. Michael Grabe The cover illustration shows vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPases, large blue structures) on a synaptic vesicle from a nerve cell in the mammalian brain. (ucsf.edu)
The cover illustration shows vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPases, large blue structures) on a synaptic vesicle from a nerve cell in the mammalian brain. (ucsf.edu)
Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of some central nerve cell populations to mount robust and sustained regenerative responses following injury, including the extension of axonal sprouts, appropriate directional growth of processes and the formation of synaptic connections. (edu.au)
the donor.4,11 In the case of nerve cells obtained from either delivery of dopamine released from cells the developing central nervous system (CNS), the opti- implanted into the ventricle, adjacent to the stria- mal age was shown to be at, or close to, the cell-cycle tum,6,7 or restoration of synaptic dopamine release exit. (lu.se)

The larger form of this antigen (185-255 kD) occurs in the developing nervous system and is present in membranes of nerve growth cones, as determined by analysis of a growth cone particle fraction. (rupress.org)
Transport of these metals across cell membranes occurs by many of the same transport systems which include DMT1, Zip8 and Zip14. (cdc.gov)

The detailed characterization of the different CB chemoreceptor cell preparations showed some discrepancies that have been reported to be mainly species related [see López-López and Peers (1997) for a review]. (aspetjournals.org)

Stem cells and regenerative medicine - future perspectives. (springer.com)
Stem cells in regenerative medicine: introduction. (springer.com)
Adrenergic-Thyroid Hormone Interactions Drive Postnatal Thermogenesis and Loss of Mammalian Heart Regenerative Capacity Why can't adult human hearts regenerate after injury like a heart attack? (ucsf.edu)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. (lookformedical.com)
The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. (lookformedical.com)
These studies have shown that the mammalian spinal cord can learn specific complex motor tasks such as standing and stepping. (ucla.edu)
Injuries of the Spinal Cord and Vertebrae A spinal cord injury is damage to the bundle of cells and nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Truncated abstract] The mammalian cochlea receives an efferent innervation which originates in the superior olive. (edu.au)

Activation of muscle-specific genes in pigment, nerve, fat, liver, and fibroblast cell lines by forced expression of MyoD. (springer.com)
Methylome states of photoreceptor-related genes in adult RPE and embryonic retina (which mostly contain progenitors) were very similar. (nih.gov)
More than 30 mammalian genes comprise the TGFβ superfamily of growth factors. (nature.com)

But it is now known that in at least two places in mammalian brains, including those of mice and humans, such new cells continue to be formed throughout adulthood. (sciencedaily.com)
For one thing, the older mouse in these pairs produced more new nerve cells in their dentate gyrus than solo older mice did. (sciencedaily.com)
We saw a threefold increase in the number of new nerve cells being generated in old mice exposed to this 'younger' environment," said Wyss-Coray. (sciencedaily.com)
In contrast, the young members of old/young mouse pairs exhibited fewer new nerve cells in the dentate gyrus than did young mice untethered to elders. (sciencedaily.com)
To rule out the possibility that an exchange of cells between the young and old mice was responsible, they created circulation-sharing young/old mouse pairs, one of whose members had been genetically engineered so that every one of its cells would glow green when exposed to light. (sciencedaily.com)
Moreover, when plasma -- the cell-free fraction of blood -- from old mice was injected into young mice, it wrought the same deleterious changes in their dentate gyrus as if they'd been sharing blood with older mice. (sciencedaily.com)
We demonstrate an in vivo electroporation protocol for transfecting single or small clusters of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and other retinal cell types in postnatal mice over a wide range of ages. (jove.com)
NC transcytosis across brain endothelial cells and brain distribution in mice were affected, yet through different mechanisms. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
A tendency to lower NHE-1 levels was seen, but highly increased ICAM1 expression in cells and human brains correlated with increased transcytosis and brain distribution in mice. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
We addressed the function of BK Ca by recording sound-induced responses of afferent auditory nerve (AN) fibers from mice with a targeted deletion of the pore-forming α-subunit of BK Ca ( BKα −/− ) and comparing these with voltage responses of current-clamped IHCs. (jneurosci.org)
The results of her research indicate that in adult mice, there is a 20 percent increase in the formation of nerve cells in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus - a brain region crucial for learning and memory - after the growth factor is administered. (neurosciencenews.com)
Epo subsequently increases the activity of these nerve cells, induces the formation of new nerve cells from neighbouring precursor cells, and increases their complex interconnection, leading to a measurable improvement in cognitive performance in humans and mice," explained Ehrenreich. (neurosciencenews.com)

Exploring perilesional microenvironment diversity, we uncovered central roles of EAE-associated astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and ependyma in lesion formation and resolution. (umassmed.edu)

Now, Alison Lloyd and colleagues provide a comprehensive characterisation of the regenerating murine sciatic nerve. (silverchair.com)
The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. (lookformedical.com)

Prior studies in our laboratory examined the localization and developmental changes of DMT1 in rat cochlea and since the two Zip proteins are also likely to contribute to the transport of essential and non-essential divalent cations, we performed immunolabeling experiments in postnatal day three rat pups and adult rats. (cdc.gov)
Female Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with bone cancer cells develop mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia but antagonizing GM-CSF in these animals significantly reduced such hypersensitivity. (iasp-pain.org)

In front of the contact, the motor axon loses its myelin sheath and forms nerve terminal branches. (intechopen.com)

abstract = "We describe a method for filling presynaptic terminals and cell dendrites in adult brain slices with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2 by localized perfusion of the acetoxymethyl (AM) ester derivative. (princeton.edu)

The chemical modification of RNA is a newly discovered epigenetic regulation mechanism in cells and plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
NFs have been shown to undergo specific alterations within cell perikarya and processes in the early stages of AD and, significantly, some aspects of this early cytoskeletal pathology are recapitulated within nerve cells following physical injury. (edu.au)

At this stage, the fluorescence is observed in regions of the cord where axonal growth is occurring, while areas composed of dividing or migrating neural cells are nonfluorescent. (rupress.org)
The only known structure of the adult mammalian nervous system where axonal growth normally occurs is the olfactory nerve. (rupress.org)
In dentate gyrus Particularly, brand-new nerve cells are produced in your area at the boundary between the granular level and the hilus (SGZ), migrate brief ranges along the internal granular area (IGZ), and prolong lengthy axonal projections to the buy Matrine California3 pyramidal cell level of the hippocampus [5, 6]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

The stem cell field witnessed a genuine breakthrough when a combination of solely four transcription factors ( Oct3 / 4 , Sox2 , Klf4 and c-Myc, OSKM ) proved enough to revert, in vitro, the differentiated status of a variety of cell types back to pluripotency, giving rise to so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (springer.com)
Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. (springer.com)
Evans MD, Kelley J. US attitudes toward human embryonic stem cell research. (springer.com)
Cell Stem Cell. (springer.com)
Keep up with the Node 'Lab meeting' posts as the platform regularly highlights development and stem cell biology labs from across the globe and showcases research and researchers from the community. (silverchair.com)
Research in the stem cell field grew out of findings by Canadian scientists Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till in the 1960s. (techxplore.com)
Embryonic stem cells are a particular type of stem cell derived from embryos. (asu.edu)

Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies. (techxplore.com)

The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei transplanted from keratinized skin cells of adult frogs. (springer.com)
Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs. (springer.com)
There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. (frontiersin.org)
Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
Skeletal muscle is fairly unique in that the mature cells are syncytial and can contain hundreds of nuclei. (frontiersin.org)
that is, they have several cell nuclei. (zxc.wiki)

While great progress has been made in understanding the cellular and physiological characteristics of PSCs, very little is known about the molecular composition of these cells ( Ko and Robitaille, 2015 ). (elifesciences.org)
Combining cell biological, physiological and behavioral analyses with a critical interventionist angle afforded by cutting-edge genetic approaches, the Department aims to understand the complexity of brain development and function. (umassmed.edu)
These analyses consist of enzyme activities of single muscle or neural cells, cell morphology, the kinds of proteins synthesized, the modulations of the mRNA's of specific myonuclei as well as the physiological properties of the nerve and muscle cells. (ucla.edu)

and neural cells are preferentially parasitized. (medscape.com)

The problem with building muscle is that, due to the synthesis of muscle protein, cytoskeletal proteins (supporting proteins) are also synthesized, which are supposed to protect the cell from mechanical overload. (zxc.wiki)
The findings also reveal that the selective distribution of the three proteins was altered during development presumably to meet the changing needs of the cells to maintain normal and functional levels of iron and other essential metals. (cdc.gov)

The afferent and visceral efferent fibers leave the geniculate ganglion with the facial nerve and are known as the nervus intermedius (nerve of Wrisberg). (medscape.com)

Two primary areas are regarded as neurogenic niche categories in the adult mammalian human brain: the subventricular area (SVZ) of the horizontal ventricles and the subgranular area (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of hippocampus. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Furthermore, NO was essential for the maintenance of long lasting neuroinflammation, which may end up being the leading trigger to its harmful impact on the success of newborn baby cells in the dentate gyrus. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Exploring the origin and development mechanisms of tumour cells from the perspective of tumour biogenesis has always been a hotspot in the field of glioma research. (biomedcentral.com)
I have spent more than 15 years pursuing this goal by studying the relationship mechanisms of fibrotic remodeling in the adult mammalian lung. (yale.edu)
The coupling of the decrease in P o 2 to the exocytotic machinery responsible for the release of neurotransmitters in chemoreceptor cells (i.e., the chemotransduction process) is incompletely understood, but it is well documented that plasma membrane mechanisms are involved. (aspetjournals.org)
Current research is focused on the mechanisms that regulate SMAD activity to evoke cell-type-specific and context-dependent transcriptional programmes. (nature.com)

GDNF also prevents the slowing of conduction velocity that normally occurs after axotomy in a population of small diameter DRG cells and the A-fiber sprouting into lamina II of the dorsal horn. (jneurosci.org)
Some of these agents target the embryonic period's "window of susceptibility," three to eight weeks after a pregnant woman's last menstruation, when the highest degree of sensitivity to embryonic cell differentiation and organ formation occurs. (asu.edu)

It was long thought that the adult human brain produces no new nerve cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Mouse and human intestinal cell data are available from the Broad Institute Single Cell portal with the accession number SCP1038 . (nature.com)
To investigate how AAG affects alkylation-induced UPR, the expression of UPR markers after MMS treatment was interrogated in human glioblastoma cells expressing different AAG levels. (bvsalud.org)
multistep procedure that provides rise to useful and integrated brand-new nerve cells from self-renewal and multipotent sensory control cells (NSC) [1, 2], takes place throughout adulthood in many pet types, including human beings [3, 4]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Despite the demanding analysis on the impact of NO on the growth of NSC, there is normally a absence of details about the function of NO in migration, difference, and success on newborn baby cells pursuing human brain damage. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Here we discuss: how the amount of MWR can be calculated, children's greater absorption of MWR compared to adults' adsorption, MWR's listing as a Class 2B (possible) carcinogen, the existing legal limits for human exposure to MWR, and that the existing legal limits do not incorporate the greater exposure to children. (smart-safe.com)
Why can't adult human hearts regenerate after injury like a heart attack? (ucsf.edu)
Employing in vitro cell culture of inherited mitochondrial disease and an in vivo animal experimental model of low-grade inflammation (high fat feeding), we show human-derived MSCs to alter mitochondrial function. (frontiersin.org)
The image depicts a curled up infant-like human, now referred to as a homunculus, inside the head of a sperm cell. (asu.edu)
Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)
Primary Cell Culture of Live Neurosurgically Resected Aged Adult Human Brain Cells and Single Cell Transcriptomics. (worthington-biochem.com)

Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. (springer.com)
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. (springer.com)
Signalling then converges to nuclear accumulation of transcriptionally active SMAD complexes and gives rise to a plethora of specific functional responses in both embryos and adult organisms. (nature.com)

Microglia, the resident immune cells in the CNS, have been studied extensively with regard to their roles in inflammation and disease, but less is known about their functions in the developing and adult brain ( Casano and Peri, 2015 ). (biologists.com)
The neurogenic response to lesion consists of neuroinflammation that activates resident in town microglia cells. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
In these circumstances, microglia cells discharge inflammatory reactive and cytokines air and nitrogen types like Zero [13]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. (techxplore.com)

Therefore, we explored the possibility that a unique combination of glial cell markers could be used to distinguish PSCs. (elifesciences.org)

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body. (lookformedical.com)
Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
Satellite cells ( myoblasts ) are a type of stem cells that are still largely undifferentiated and are located in the vicinity of muscle fibers. (zxc.wiki)
Interspersed among the degenerating fibers is a marked mixed inflammatory cell exudate, which becomes primarily mononuclear with time. (medscape.com)

Dendritic calcium changes produced by afferent fiber stimulation were similar to those determined from cells filled with fura-2 by intracellular microinjection. (princeton.edu)
The suppression of the cochlear microphonic suggests that dopamine receptor influence is not confined to the primary afferent dendrite may also include the active process of the outer hair cells. (edu.au)
It contains afferent cell bodies. (medscape.com)
The components of CN VII that reach the tongue include the chorda tympani and the greater petrosal nerve, which arise from the nervus intermedius (smallest afferent branch of the facial nerve). (medscape.com)

The number of stem cells in adult brains diminishes with increasing age, as do certain cognitive capacities, such as spatial memory: An example in humans is remembering where you parked the car -- or, if you are a mouse, recalling the whereabouts of an underwater platform you can perch on so you won't have to keep swimming in order to keep your nose above water. (sciencedaily.com)
It weighs more than one kilogram in adult humans, and it covers a surface area of 4000 to 7000 square meters. (asu.edu)

During the acute phase of illness, the parasite is believed to directly destroy host cells. (medscape.com)

Adult neurogenesis consists of growth, migration, fate and differentiation determination, success, growth, and incorporation of newborn baby cells into the preexisting neuronal network. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

These substances, whose levels rise with increasing age, appear to inhibit the brain's ability to produce new nerve cells critical to memory and learning. (sciencedaily.com)
They have discovered that cognitive challenges trigger a slight oxygen deficit (termed 'functional hypoxia' by the researchers) in the brain's nerve cells. (neurosciencenews.com)

Application of the method to CA1 pyramidal cells produced intracellular loading of apical dendrites with fura-2. (princeton.edu)
One aspect of the disease which has been firmly established, however, is the select vulnerability of large NF-positive pyramidal cells to degenerate in this condition. (edu.au)

To date, neonatal peripheral nerve repair following neurotmesis is largely limited due to technical drawbacks. (hindawi.com)

The myocardium often has diffuse fibrosis, with a small number of mononuclear cells scattered throughout. (medscape.com)

The size of an MND has a maximum that results from the ratio of sarcoplasm and cell nucleus, which is determined in a muscle cell by the requirements of an optimal metabolism. (zxc.wiki)

Inflammatory mediators in the tumour micro-environment, such as cytokines and chemokines, can promote EMT changes in cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
In inflammatory conditions Particularly, the reflection of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is normally included in the creation of high amounts of NO. NO is normally an essential mobile messenger with different cell goals, getting included in many physical systems in aerobic, immunological, and anxious systems [14]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
When the histiocytes or other inflammatory cells ingest the parasites, they transform into amastigotes. (medscape.com)
A marked host inflammatory reaction characterized by local accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells is associated with these areas of cellular destruction. (medscape.com)

In a series of targeted experiments, they were able to prove that when learning complex motor tasks, nerve cells require more oxygen than is normally available to them. (neurosciencenews.com)

Enteroendocrine cells (EEs) are evolutionarily conserved gastrointestinal secretory cells that show scattered distribution in the intestinal epithelium. (bioone.org)

Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), have perhaps the most diverse roles among glia. (biologists.com)

It promotes the formation of red blood cells, leading thereby to enhanced physical performance - at least, that is what we have believed until now. (neurosciencenews.com)

That portion of the nasal mucosa containing the sensory nerve endings for SMELL, located at the dome of each NASAL CAVITY. (lookformedical.com)

Since their invention about two decades ago, super-resolution microscopes have become a method of choice in cell biology. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)

Glia account for more than half of the cells in the mammalian nervous system, and the past few decades have witnessed a flood of studies that detail novel functions for glia in nervous system development, plasticity and disease. (biologists.com)

Somatic cells are cells that have gone through the differentiation process and are not germ cells. (asu.edu)

Researchers identified that an abundance of fungi in the gut, particularly strains of Candida albicans yeast, could trigger an increase in immune cells, which could worsen lung damage. (medicaldaily.com)
Most recently we reported that a previously unrecognized nerve-lung connection drives mammalian lung fibrosis. (yale.edu)

The mammalian vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2 and Drosophila ortholog dVGLUT have been implicated as modulators of DA neuron resilience. (umassmed.edu)
In the fruit fly Drosophila, it has been suggested that nearly equal numbers of two subtypes of EEs (Allatostatin A: AstA and Diuretic hormone 31 : Dh31) are alternately produced from the intestinal stem cells in the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)

Therefore, we attempted to investigate the effects of putative dopamine depletion of the cochlea and found that application of the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP causes changes in both neural and hair cell responses which have not been reported before. (edu.au)

The study of PSCs has relied on an anatomy-based approach, as the identities of cell-specific PSC molecular markers have remained elusive. (elifesciences.org)
A growing number of molecular markers that recognize subsets of glial cells throughout the nervous system have been identified ( Jäkel and Dimou, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)

Anatomy95

Organisms20

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science3

Neurons17

Regeneration7

Cranial nerves3

Schwann Cells4

Tissues14

Receptors8

Pathways3

Progenitor3

Tissue12

Fetal2

Synaptic5

Membranes2

19971

Regenerative4

Spinal4

Innervation1

Genes3

Mice12

Precursor cells1

Sciatic2

Rats2

MYELIN SHEATH1

Abstract1

Processes2

Axonal3

Stem Cell7

Embryonic stem1

Nuclei8

Physiological3

Neural cells1

Proteins2

Efferent1

Dentate gyrus2

Mechanisms4

Occurs2

Human11

Embryos3

Microglia3

Organisms1

Glial cell1

Fibers4

Afferent4

Humans2

Acute1

Neuronal1

Brain's2

Pyramidal cells2

Peripheral nerve1

Mononuclear cells1

Metabolism1

Inflammatory4

Complex motor tasks1

Intestinal epithelium1

Astrocytes1

Physical1

Sensory1

Biology2

Plasticity1

Germ cells1

Lung2

Drosophila2

Responses1

Markers2