Nerve agents and insecticides. Medical search. Frequent questions

With a toxicity of about 1/10 that of VX, i.e. similar to that of sarin, it is now considered too dangerous for use in agriculture but unlike other nerve agents it is classified under Schedule 2 of the Chemical Weapons Convention rather than the more restrictive Schedule 1. (wikipedia.org)
Sarin is a man-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent. (nationalterroralert.com)
Sarin originally was developed in 1938 in Germany as an insecticide. (nationalterroralert.com)
Sarin is the most volatile of the nerve agents, which means that it can easily and quickly evaporate from a liquid into a vapor and spread into the environment. (nationalterroralert.com)
If you are a diligent chemist, you will find procedures for making sarin and tabun and various other chemical agents. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
The two substances - too toxic to be used as commercial insecticides in agriculture - became known as tabun and sarin. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
The substance used on 4 March to injure an ex-Russian spy ad his daughter was a nerve agent - but the British police say it was rarer than sarin or VX nerve agents, thus making the involvement of Russian state labs in the production of the substance certain. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
Organophosphate-based nerve agents such as tabun, sarin, VX have been used as chemical warfare agents. (iisc.ac.in)
Coalition troops were exposed to an array of OP's during the Gulf War, including to sarin and cyclosarin nerve agents following detonations of Iraqi chemical munitions during and after the war, including at the Khamisiyah demolitions, and to an array of Gulf War era pesticides, including DEET , chlorpyrifos , permethrin (a pyrethroid), and others. (91outcomes.com)
Representative OP's examined in Dr. Terry's study, below, include a surrogate for sarin nerve agent (DFP, diisopropylfluorophosphate ) and chlorpyrifos , a potent pesticide used during the Gulf War. (91outcomes.com)
Gulf War illness could be caused by a class of chemicals known as organophosphates, which can include popular pesticides and insecticides but also the nerve gases sarin and cyclosarin. (91outcomes.com)
This research investigated any differences in oxime reactivation among four age/sex groups and also survivability in adult female Sprague Dawley rats challenged with a lethal dose of OP. Initially in in vitro experiments, paraoxon (PXN) and a nerve agent (sarin) surrogate, 4-nitrophenyl isopropyl methylphosphonate (NIMP), were incubated with pooled rat brain homogenate from four sex/age groups: adult male or female, and 12-day old male or female rats. (msstate.edu)
G-series agents, or G agents, include GA (tabun), GB (sarin), GD (soman), and GF (cyclosarin), which were developed by Nazi Germany before and during World War II. (msdmanuals.com)
Examples of G agents include tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), and cyclosarin (GF). (emdocs.net)
Sarin gas is also suspected to be the agent used in the Syrian civilian attacks in 2013 which caused the death of nearly 2000 people, and in the April 2017 attack which killed dozens of persons. (emdocs.net)
3] Sarin is also suspected as the agent responsible for the recent attack in Syria this past April. (emdocs.net)
Some organophosphorus compounds are highly effective insecticides, although some are extremely toxic to humans, including sarin and VX nerve agents. (lacteoscienelac.com)
PON1 also hydrolyzes nerve agents like sarin and soman. (biochemia-medica.com)
Sarin gas is a nerve agent that forces the body's muscles into overdrive, leading to convulsions, loss of breathing, and often death. (insider.com)
The two following illustrations explain how most nerve agents like sarin affect the body. (insider.com)
He accidentally discovered nerve agents like Sarin gas. (focusonthefamily.com)

Methyl carbamate also is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and urethane. (shabupc.com)
Carbamate Insecticides Severe toxicity, including respiratory depression and seizures, can occur. (shabupc.com)
The carbamate insecticides are of two types, esters of N-methyl (or N,N-dimethyl) carbamic acid with either a phenol or an oxime. (shabupc.com)
Definition of carbamate : a salt or ester of carbamic acid especially : one that is a synthetic organic insecticide. (shabupc.com)
For the treatment of poisoning by susceptible organophosphorous nerve agents having cholinesterase activity as well as organophosphorous or carbamate insecticides. (pharmacycode.com)

Nerve agents are chemical warfare agents that have the same mechanism of action as OP organophosphate pesticides insecticides. (cdc.gov)
A new study suggests an alarming link between low-level exposure to organophosphate pesticides - the most widely used insecticides in the world - and long-term brain damage. (theecologist.org)
Derived from World War II nerve gas agents, organophosphate pesticides are the most widely used insecticides in the world. (theecologist.org)
Nerve agents are similar to organophosphate pesticides in their mechanism of action and symptomology. (emdocs.net)

During the early 1950s at least three chemical companies working on organo-phosphorus insecticides independently discovered the severe toxicity of these chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
Most of the nerve agents were originally synthesized in a search for insecticides, but because of their toxicity, they were evaluated for military use. (cdc.gov)
Unlike street drugs, nerve agents cannot be made in your kitchen or garden shed, on account of their toxicity, even in tiny amounts. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
The latter method has sparked controversy among citizens, concerned about the toxicity of Naled, one of the two insecticides being used. (sputnikglobe.com)
The rate of aging is highly variable, from several minutes to days, depending on the route of exposure as well as the specific OP. Dimethyl OP compounds (eg, dimethoate) generally age more quickly than diethyl agents (eg, chlorpyrifos), and lipophilic OP compounds can be released into the systemic circulation from fat stores for many days to weeks following exposure, prolonging both the duration of clinical toxicity and the aging window. (mhmedical.com)

The bill would also ban the insecticide chlorpyrifos, a nerve agent that Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health has called " alarming . (vtdigger.org)
PON1 hydrolyzes oxons like paraoxon, chlorpyrifos oxon and diazoxon which are toxic metabolites of organophosphate insecticides parathion, diazinon and chlorpyriphos. (biochemia-medica.com)

The purpose of this document is to enable health care workers and public health officials to recognize an unknown or suspected exposure to a nerve agent or an organophosphate (OP) pesticide. (cdc.gov)
The amount and route of exposure to the nerve agent or OP pesticide, the type of nerve agent or pesticide, and the premorbid condition of the person exposed person will contribute to the time of onset and the severity of illness. (cdc.gov)
For example, inhalation of a nerve agent or an OP pesticide leads to a quicker onset of poisoning with more severe symptoms when compared to with dermal exposure s, given the same amount of agent. (cdc.gov)
Plasma or RBC cholinesterase may be disproportionately inhibited depending on the particular nerve agent, amount of exposure and time interval since exposure. (cdc.gov)
Note: The actual clinical manifestations of an exposure to a nerve agent or an organophosphate pesticide may be more variable than the syndrome described in this document. (cdc.gov)
Accidents involving toxic industrial chemicals continue to be a significant potential source of exposure to those agents that were also used as chemical warfare agents. (medscape.com)
But when it comes to long-term, less-than-lethal exposure to organophosphate compounds such as pesticides, insecticides and similar nerve agents, the available research is less clear. (vanderbilt.edu)
The memory and attention problems plaguing thousands of veterans from the first Gulf War might be caused by low-level exposure to insecticides and nerve gas, said researchers at Georgia Health Sciences University. (91outcomes.com)
Exposure to nerve agents can cause long-term neurologic and neurobehavioral problems including anxiety, depression, irritability, and memory problems. (msdmanuals.com)
Exposure to a nerve agent causes various symptoms depending on the agent, route of exposure, and dose. (msdmanuals.com)
Bodywide effects occur after a delay that can be as long as 18 hours after exposure to a very small droplet of a G- or V-series nerve agent. (msdmanuals.com)
Skin exposure to a small amount of liquid A-series agent may take as long as a day or two to produce symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
His sergeant arrives to the ED confirming your suspicions for nerve gas exposure. (emdocs.net)
This fact sheet summarizes the ongoing health research related to chemical warfare agent exposure, which is relevant to illnesses in Gulf War veterans. (osd.mil)
Overall Objective: Chronic exposure to organophosphate insecticides or chemical weapon nerve agents can produce abnormalities in brain function in experimental animals. (osd.mil)

Organophosphate insecticides (such as diazinon) are one type of pesticide that works by damaging an enzyme in the body called acetylcholinesterase. (shabupc.com)
Organophosphates interfere with the elimination of acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), resulting in accumulation of acetylcholine at nerve terminals. (rcjournal.com)

however, nerve agents are much more potent than insecticides. (nationalterroralert.com)

Like the earlier German investigators of organophosphates in the late 1930s who had discovered the G-series nerve agents, Dr. Ghosh discovered that their action on cholinesterase made them effective pesticides. (wikipedia.org)
When applied to crops or directly to the soil as systemic insecticides, organophosphates and carbamates generally persist from only a few hours to several months. (shabupc.com)
Other highly toxic organophosphates such as methyl paraoxon and its analogues are used extensively as pesticides and insecticides to control household pests. (iisc.ac.in)
Is a human-made substance that's similar to insecticides called organophosphates, yet is far more powerful. (insider.com)

But, first of all, what is the difference between pesticides and insecticides? (grokonline.com.au)

Some studies in animals and people suggest that severe nerve agent poisoning can cause long-term central nervous system effects, such as changes in brain activity. (nationalterroralert.com)
Atropine: Used as an antidote for certain types of poisoning, particularly from certain insecticides or nerve gases. (standardofcare.com)
Pralidoxime: Used as an antidote for organophosphate poisoning, reversing the effects of certain insecticides or nerve agents. (standardofcare.com)
Novichok, the toxic nerve agent that British authorities believe was used in the near-fatal poisoning of former spy and retired Russian military intelligence officer Sergei Skripal, is a powerful substance that is exceedingly difficult to manufacture. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
Insecticide Poisoning Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects. (msdmanuals.com)
Many insecticides can cause poisoning after being swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the. (msdmanuals.com)

Some of the chemicals from this class of compounds formed a new group of nerve agents called V Agents. (wikipedia.org)
Anticholinesterase organophosphate (OP) compounds were developed as insecticides and are also used as nerve agents in chemical warfare. (msstate.edu)
Naled is an organophosphate insecticide, of the same class of compounds as nerve-agent chemical weapons. (sputnikglobe.com)

The following is a more comprehensive list of signs and symptoms that may be encountered in a person exposed to a nerve agent or OP pesticide. (cdc.gov)
Insecticides are a type of pesticide used to kill insects specifically, including ant/wasp killer and snail pellets. (grokonline.com.au)

It was brought to market as an insecticide by the company in 1954 but was subsequently withdrawn as too toxic. (wikipedia.org)
Nerve agents are the most toxic of the known chemical warfare agents. (cdc.gov)
Although related organophosphate chemicals are used in medicine, pharmacology, and agriculture, these are not as toxic as the nerve agents. (cdc.gov)
All the nerve agents cause their toxic effects by preventing the proper operation of the chemical that acts as the body's "off switch" for glands and muscles. (nationalterroralert.com)
By definition, an insecticide is a toxic chemical substance that kills living organisms. (newstarget.com)
Nearly all insecticides end up being toxic to aquatic life, animals and even humans. (newstarget.com)
Alastair Hay, a professor of environmental toxicology and a member of the British government's advisory group on chemical warfare agents, said about the likely source of the toxic substance: "I think it's more a case in which we are talking about a military capability. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
Neurotoxicity caused by nerve agents, pathogenic proteins and other toxic chemicals is a well-researched and serious threat to humans. (vanderbilt.edu)
Interestingly, soil bacteria survive in extremely toxic conditions because they produce enzymes that can detoxify nerve agents. (iisc.ac.in)
Overview of Chemical-Warfare Agents Chemical weapons are developed by governments for wartime use and include Toxic agents (intended to cause serious injury or death) Incapacitating agents (intended to cause only temporary, non-life-threatening. (msdmanuals.com)
It is important to note that these insecticides are not only harmful to insects but can also be toxic to birds, bees and even fish. (grokonline.com.au)
Nerve agents are a class of phosphorous-containing organic chemicals and are considered the most toxic agents of chemical warfare. (emdocs.net)
V agents are significantly more toxic and more lethal than G series agents. (emdocs.net)

The Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency estimate 100,000 people might have been exposed to low levels of those nerve gases when troops blew up a weapons depot in Khamisiyah, Iraq, on March 10, 1991. (91outcomes.com)

A toxicologist told a Malaysian court heard how the vials were found on Kim Jong Nam and that they contained atropine which is an antidote for poisons such as VX and insecticides. (dailyrecord.co.uk)

N-Methyl carbamates are widely used as insecticides. (shabupc.com)

An A agent was used in a 2018 assassination attempt in the United Kingdom, and another A-series agent was used in the 2020 assassination attempt on Russian activist Alexei Navalny. (msdmanuals.com)

The drug also prevents or abolishes bradycardia or asystole produced by injection of choline esters, anticholinesterase agents or other parasympathomimetic drugs, and cardiac arrest produced by stimulation of the vagus. (pharmacycode.com)

Either way, nerve agents are horrendously lethal and chemical warfare is an obscene use of chemicals. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
Nerve agents work by blocking an enzyme that breaks down one of the types of chemicals that nerve cells use to send signals to other nerve cells and to muscles (neurotransmitters). (msdmanuals.com)
Factors such as the surface you are spraying on, the chemicals in the spray, the weather, and time can affect the efficiency and duration of action of the insecticide. (grokonline.com.au)
When human illness results from an unintentional or intentional release of a toxin (chemicals produced by metabolism in an organism [e.g., ricin]) or a toxicant (natural or synthetic chemicals not metabolically produced by an organism [e.g., nerve agents]) into the environment, uniform reporting is necessary to direct appropriate resources, assess the extent of morbidity and mortality, track poisoned persons, and monitor response to intervention. (cdc.gov)
Toxicants are synthetic (i.e., manufactured) or naturally found chemicals that are not produced by organisms as a result of cellular metabolism (e.g., nerve agents or arsenic). (cdc.gov)
2 chemicals can result in symptoms that are not typical for either agent alone. (cdc.gov)
In a bomb, mixes as two chemicals to weaponize the nerve agent. (insider.com)

Nerve agents are readily absorbed from the respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)

But more and more evidence is mounting that this is connected to neonicotinoids, the world's most popular class of insecticides. (zmescience.com)
Honeybees are dying at a rapid rate for many reasons, including Colony Collapse Disorder-first discovered in November 2006 by a Pennsylvania beekeeper overwintering his hive in Florida-parasites (such as varroa mites), viruses, fungi, changes in food and nesting habitats and neonicotinoids, a broad spectrum insecticide. (pittsburghquarterly.com)
Penn Environment, an environmental group, defines neonicotinoids (called neonics for short) as a deadly nerve agent, damaging bee brains and crippling their ability to learn, remember and navigate. (pittsburghquarterly.com)

These agents, which comprise thousands of structurally related substances, are responsible for a large number of suicidal or accidental poisonings, with the greatest mortality (an estimated 200,000 deaths per year) in rural areas of developing countries. (mhmedical.com)

It was until quite recently, used very, very widely as an insecticide. (thebigstorypodcast.ca)

More precisely, however, it is termed an antimuscarinic agent since it antagonizes the muscarine-like actions of acetylcholine and other choline esters. (pharmacycode.com)

A Malaysian court has heard that Kim Jong Nam had a dozen vials of antidote for lethal nerve agent VX in his bag the day he died. (dailyrecord.co.uk)
The murdered half-brother of North Korea's leader had a dozen vials of antidote for lethal nerve agent VX in his sling bag on the day he was poisoned. (dailyrecord.co.uk)

G-type nerve agents (GA, GB, and GD) are clear, colorless liquids that are volatile at ambient temperatures. (cdc.gov)
It is the least volatile nerve agent. (cdc.gov)
G agents are highly volatile and easily aerosolized and thus do not persist in the environment for long. (emdocs.net)
Rapidly evaporates into a dense gas that sinks to low-lying areas, and is the most volatile of all nerve agents. (insider.com)

A-series agents are also called Novichok agents and include A-230, A-232, and A-234. (msdmanuals.com)
It seems that the 'Novichok' fairy-tale the British government plays to us provides for a happy ending - the astonishing and mysterious resurrection of the victims of a "military grade" "five to eight times more deadly than VX gas" "nerve agent" "of a type developed by" Hollywood. (blogspot.com)
The 'Novichok' agents are said to be several times more deadly than VX. (blogspot.com)
The claims of a nerve agent and 'Novichok' seem to have been taken from the script of the British-American spy drama Strike Back ( clip ) which recently ran on British and U.S. TV. (blogspot.com)

When a droplet of the insecticide touches a mosquito, it kills the mosquito pretty much instantaneously. (sputnikglobe.com)

However, the US State Department on Monday said the symptoms of victims "reported by credible medical professionals" and those captured in traumatic videos and photos on social media "are consistent with an asphyxiation agent and of a nerve agent of some type," Reuters reported . (insider.com)
Appreciate that any patient with foodborne illness may ing suspicious symptoms, disease clusters, and etiologic agents, represent the sentinel case of a more widespread outbreak. (cdc.gov)

Nerve agents stimulate nerve cells in the brain, so people become agitated and confused, and they may develop seizures or become unconscious. (msdmanuals.com)

It is embedded in the cell wall of post synaptic nerves at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. (proteopedia.org)

Antidotes for anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as reversal agents. (standardofcare.com)

VG (IUPAC name: O,O-diethyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate) (also called Amiton or Tetram) is a "V-series" nerve agent chemically similar to the better-known VX nerve agent. (wikipedia.org)

G-type agents are clear,colorless, and tasteless liquids that are miscible in water and most organic solvents. (cdc.gov)

Nerve agent protective pills administered to about 250,000 U.S. Gulf War troops (and other Coalition troops -- pyridostigmine bromide (PB) -- have also been implicated by medical researchers in Gulf War neurotoxic exposures. (91outcomes.com)
They include chemical nerve agents, many of the pesticides used during the Gulf War, and pyridostigmine bromide (PB), the drug given to troops as a protective measure in the event of nerve gas attack. (91outcomes.com)

Here, we will focus on insecticides which, unlike repellents, are made to kill bugs. (grokonline.com.au)

Some insecticides are also dangerous to humans. (msdmanuals.com)

If the poisonous substance is unknown, the patient's case history and clinical features may help determine the causative agent, which is important for the selection of a proper antidote (if available). (amboss.com)
Some scientists believe that the causative agent was introduced into the cattle food chain from the carcasses of sheep infected with scrapie, with the causative agent of scrapie in sheep crossing the species barrier to infect cattle. (who.int)

V series agents are sticky, oily substances with low volatility. (emdocs.net)

Neurons are in charge of transmitting messages to and from the brain, and they do this by controlling the entry and exit of sodium and potassium, so the insecticide affecting the transport proteins for these ions essentially stops the signals and paralyses the insect. (grokonline.com.au)

In 1952 British chemist Dr. Ranajit Ghosh discovered V series class of nerve agents (V= venomous). (emdocs.net)

Britain has deployed specialist troops to remove potentially contaminated objects from the site where former Russian spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter were found unconscious after a suspected nerve-agent attack. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
British investigators have announced that a "nerve agent" was used in an attempt to murder Russian former spy Sergei Skripal in Salisbury on 4 March. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
The condition of Yulia Skripal, who was poisoned with a nerve agent in Salisbury along with her father, is improving rapidly , doctors have said. (blogspot.com)
It is now clear that Mr Skripal and his daughter were poisoned with a military grade nerve agent of a type developed by Russia. (blogspot.com)

Overall Objective: This research is designed to improve the understanding of potential chronic effects of nerve agents and potential effects seen at low doses. (osd.mil)

Nerve agents are deadly weapons. (blogspot.com)

Please don't use silver spoon sugar [from british sugar beet]for jam making as it is seed treated with a particularly ghastly chemical/nerve agent that persists in the crop and soil, wiping out all species for years. (laundryetc.co.uk)

The first nerve agents were invented by accident in the 1930s when researchers were trying to make cheaper and better alternatives to nicotine as insecticides. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)

Persons whose skin or clothing is contaminated with nerve agent can contaminate rescuers by direct contact or through off-gassing vapor. (cdc.gov)

Nerve agent liquids are readily absorbed from the skin and eyes. (cdc.gov)
At room temperature, G-series agents are watery liquids that evaporate easily and are dangerous both by skin contact and by inhalation. (msdmanuals.com)
A-230, A-232, and A-234 are liquids that are even more persistent than V-series agents. (msdmanuals.com)

Mugesh's group demonstrated that nanozymes based on these bacterial enzymes can be constructed by creating chemically reactive vacancies (defects) on the nanomaterial surface, which can act as artificial enzymes for the degradation of environmental pollutants and nerve agents. (iisc.ac.in)

To illustrate these principles with specific agents, the properties, clinical effects, and medical management of nerve agents and vesicant agents are reviewed briefly. (medscape.com)

Because the signaling chemical, acetylcholine, is not broken down normally, it accumulates and excessively stimulates nerves, muscles, and glands (including tear glands, salivary glands, and sweat glands) throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy41

Organisms34

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs85

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes19

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Health Care11

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Sarin21

Carbamate5

Organophosphate pesticides4

Toxicity5

Chlorpyrifos2

Exposure15

Acetylcholinesterase2

Potent1

Organophosphates4

Pesticides and insecticides1

Poisoning6

Compounds3

Pesticide2

Toxic13

Gases1

Atropine1

Carbamates1

20181

Anticholinesterase1

Chemicals7

Respiratory1

Neonicotinoids3

Poisonings1

Widely1

Esters1

Lethal2

Volatile4

Novichok4

Droplet1

Symptoms2

Seizures1

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Antidotes1

Chemically similar1

Colorless1

Pyridostigmine2

Unlike1

Humans1

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Substances1

Proteins1

Ghosh1

Skripal4

Doses1

Deadly1

Chemical nerve1

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Vapor1

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Clinical1

Acetylcholine1