• In the 1800s, the Irish (whether in Ireland, Britain, or the U.S.) were often very negatively stereotyped. (thesocietypages.org)
  • Remove any reminder of negative stereotypes, and these individuals perform equally to the students who don't belong to a negatively stereotype group. (phys.org)
  • In chess, it has been demonstrated that the performance level of women is negatively influenced when they are exposed to negative stereotypes about their ability to play chess. (mdpi.com)
  • And even if the majority of people do not openly endorse these negative beliefs, recent research suggests that just the mere awareness of these stereotypes can have negative consequences for individuals who are targeted by them, according to two social psychologists at the University of Arizona in Tucson. (phys.org)
  • Stereotype threat research suggests that such differences could stem from the mere existence of social stereotypes and not from group differences in actual ability. (phys.org)
  • Harap writes that, the persistence of the Jewish stereotype over the centuries suggests to some that "the treatment of the Jew in literature was completely static and was essentially unaffected by the changes in the Jewish situation in society as that society itself changed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Harap suggests that the recurrence of the Jewish stereotype in literature is itself one indicator of the continued presence of anti-Semitism amongst the readers of that literature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toni Schmader, an assistant professor in the UA psychology department, and Jeff Stone, an associate professor in that department, have conducted several controlled laboratory experiments that examine a phenomenon known as " stereotype threat . (phys.org)
  • Stereotype threat , a term coined by Stanford Professor Claude Steele, occurs when individuals whose group is targeted by negative stereotypes try to excel at tasks that are related to the stereotype . (phys.org)
  • Research on stereotype threat has important implications for how standardized test scores are interpreted. (phys.org)
  • Schmader and her group have found that teaching women about stereotype threat and its potential negative effects on test performance might actually arm women with a means of diffusing the threat. (phys.org)
  • The researchers theorize that if women know that any extra anxiety they feel while taking the test could be due to stereotype threat effects and does not suggest that they lack ability, they can reinterpret that anxiety in a way that does not interfere with their performance. (phys.org)
  • Although much of the research on stereotype threat has examined its effects on intellectual and academic tests, innovative research by Jeff Stone has extended research on this phenomenon into the athletic arena where black athletes are stereotyped to be more naturally athletic, while white athletes are stereotyped to have greater sports intelligence. (phys.org)
  • The present study investigated this reversed stereotype threat in online chess playing an unrated game. (mdpi.com)
  • Frequently, the harmful consequences of relying on stereotypes is noted with the potential of this tendency to lead to prejudice and discrimination. (bartleby.com)
  • Research has shown that individualist cultures engage in more self-stereotyping because they rely more on interpersonal relationships, group cohesion, and in-group ties compared to collectivist cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The degree to which we rely on stereotypes when establishing judgements of others has been widely investigated in the field of social psychology . (bartleby.com)
  • In many cases the same negative characteristics attributed to Africans and African Americans (sloth, immorality, destructiveness) were often also associated with the Irish. (thesocietypages.org)
  • That is, they accept stereotypical characteristics (both positive and negative) of their ingroup as reflective of themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most stereotypes take on a negative form and are based on characteristics such as age, gender, race, status, and personal beliefs. (bartleby.com)
  • Generally speaking, the greatest problem that arises with stereotypes is that they judge group of people by the characteristics and actions of their ancestors, rather than on an individual basis. (bartleby.com)
  • Coleman and Hong (2008) have pointed out that when women believe gender differences are attributed to biology differences between men and women, negative self-stereotyping also increases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on nuanced analyses of cultural representations in both the United States and the UK, the authors draw our attention to a circulation of stereotypes about Muslims that sometimes globalizes local biases and, at other times, brings national differences into sharper relief. (harvard.edu)
  • Some researchers have found that self-stereotyping is somewhat dependent upon an individual's belief that he/she and the group are capable of change. (wikipedia.org)
  • The concept of stereotype is defined as "a belief that associates a group of people with certain traits" (Kassin, Fein, & Markus et al. (bartleby.com)
  • A stereotype is a belief held by you about a certain group of people. (cyberessays.com)
  • As most individuals are a member of one societal group or another, it would be beneficial to examine why stereotypes form, and why some are more common than others. (bartleby.com)
  • Many stereotypes and myths stem from four main generalizations about Africa and Africans. (bartleby.com)
  • Social mythologies, like the old saw that "white men can't jump," may in fact have some negative consequences for those being stereotyped. (phys.org)
  • Although this is true many people believe myths and stereotypes about the African continent and Africans due to insufficient knowledge and incorrect images presented to them. (bartleby.com)
  • Implicit self-stereotyping is when an individual unconsciously shifts their own beliefs to match that of their social group while explicit self-stereotyping is consciously shifting one's behavioral traits to match their social group. (wikipedia.org)
  • You might compare these images to this recent post about how symbols of Irishness have lost any real negative implications, such that even politicians in non-Irish-dominated districts feel comfortable using them in campaign materials. (thesocietypages.org)
  • Latrofa and colleagues (2012) suggest self-stereotyping increases when low-status groups feel threatened and individuals within the group see more similarities between the group and themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to decline the uncertainty of this new object, people choose to believe the stereotypes to feel safer. (bartleby.com)
  • Stereotyping is something that I feel we all do to some extent in life. (cyberessays.com)
  • In collaboration with Princeton University Professor John Darley and with students Christian Lynch and Mike Sjmoeling, Stone and his research team have found that both black and white athletes performed well on a laboratory golf task in a control condition where nothing was done to remind them about racial stereotypes. (phys.org)
  • Members of low-status groups have been found to be more prone to self-stereotyping than members of high-status groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • This pronounced self stereotyping trend was not found in the studied gay men in neutral spaces or heterosexual men. (wikipedia.org)
  • When Jews are found in Victorian fiction, they are almost always portrayed as a stereotype rather than as human beings. (wikipedia.org)
  • The "villain Jew" stereotype is found in a number of Victorian era novels. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a recent paper in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , Schmader and UA graduate student Michael Johns reported the results of several studies showing that college women score lower on tests of mathematical ability, and Hispanic students might score lower on tests of intelligence, not because they have less ability, but because reminders of negative stereotypes temporarily decrease their "working memory capacity. (phys.org)
  • Women have been shown to self-stereotype more than men, yet self-stereotyping decreases in men when presented with gender equality information. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, schemas guide behaviour and allow a platform for individuals to make mental shortcuts and damaging stereotypes, they can also simplify life and are useful in every day situations (Macrae, Stangor & Hewstone, 1996). (bartleby.com)
  • For example, if one had an existing stereotype that guns are dangerous and hastily decided to move to the other side of the street after noticing a man with a gun - this would be an extremely useful and possibly life-saving use of a stereotype. (bartleby.com)
  • Stereotypes are present in everyday life and they affect how were perceive other groups or individuals. (bartleby.com)
  • This can have long running effects on how we live life, and the person being stereotyped against may have negative effects. (cyberessays.com)
  • With clarity, urgency and forensic skill, Peter Morey and Amina Yaqin explore and celebrate ways out of 'the frame' while unravelling the regulatory agendas of fanatics and liberal reformers alike that are currently breathing new life into discredited stereotypes. (harvard.edu)
  • In these situations, simply knowing that there is a stereotype against them (a stereotype that says they should perform poorly on a particular task) can lead individuals to actually perform more poorly on the task than they otherwise would. (phys.org)
  • Thus, individuals act accordingly and embody the stereotype which is projected upon them (Baumeister & Bushman). (bartleby.com)
  • In social psychology, self-stereotyping (or autostereotyping) is a process by which an individual integrates and internalizes commonly held characterizations (i.e. stereotypes or prototypes) of an in-group into their self-concept. (wikipedia.org)
  • Self-stereotyping is not only limited to social group settings, it can also occur with environmental cues. (wikipedia.org)
  • They conclude that both positive and negative depictions of Muslims have revolved around religion, tradition, modernity, and 'clash of civilizations. (harvard.edu)
  • The effects of environmental factors on self stereotyping among low status groups has been studied in gay men. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the Webster's dictionary, a stereotype is defined as "a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group. (bartleby.com)
  • Why did these students seem to perform in ways that are consistent with the stereotype? (phys.org)
  • In Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation after 9/11, Peter Morey and Amina Yaqin dissect the ways in which stereotypes depicting Muslims as an inherently problematic presence in the West are constructed, deployed, and circulated in the public imagination, producing an immense gulf between representation and a considerably more complex reality. (harvard.edu)
  • Self-stereotyping by gender is seen in children as early as five-years-old. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research examining gender-based self-stereotyping has characterized female ingroups as low status and male ingroups as high status. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous studies have shown that exposure to gender stereotypes has a detrimental impact on women's performance. (mdpi.com)
  • Being an African-American male growing up in the projects of Atlanta by a single mother, I had heard several times from my mother what stereotypes were thrown out about black males. (cyberessays.com)
  • This paper will discuses what stereotypes are, how they affect people and how stereotypes can affect society. (bartleby.com)
  • Stereotypes have great impacts on people all over the world. (bartleby.com)
  • One of the reasons why people believe stereotypes blindly is that they know less about the objects. (bartleby.com)
  • My first time having an encounter where I was stereotyped was when I was in college at the University of Mississippi. (cyberessays.com)
  • Whether the bearded fanatic, the veiled, oppressed female, or the shadowy terrorist plotting our destruction, crude stereotypes permeate public representations of Muslims in the United States and western Europe. (harvard.edu)
  • Crucially, they show that these stereotypes are not solely the province of crude-minded demagogues and their tabloid megaphones, but multiply as well from the lips of supposedly progressive elites, even those who presume to speak "from within," on Muslims' behalf. (harvard.edu)
  • For the purpose of understanding the world more objectively, we ought to treat stereotypes critically and at least not be convinced of stereotypes blindly anymore. (bartleby.com)
  • Prior to self-stereotyping, one experiences depersonalization, the process of shedding one's unique identity to merge it with the group identity of the in-group while simultaneously separating themselves from the out-group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Groups tend to be more accepting of positive stereotypes and ascribe it to themselves and their group, but reject negative stereotypes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aside from arising from mental shortcuts, it has also been proposed that stereotypes are a result of group conflict (Sherif, 1966). (bartleby.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to identify circumstances in which an illusory correlation will be formed and how that may lead to the formation of stereotypes. (bartleby.com)