• As conventional reservoirs are becoming depleted of hydrocarbon resources, it becomes more important to develop a knowledge base for unconventional reservoirs, such as highly fractured formations, so that the remaining oil-in-place can be recovered. (doe.gov)
  • We here present a first-order CO2 storage resource estimate of such an unconventional storage unit, a naturally fractured, compartmentalized and underpressured siliciclastic aquifer located at 670-1,000 m below Longyearbyen, Arctic Norway. (unina.it)
  • Such "unconventional" subterranean regions include shale reservoirs, siltstone formations, and sandstone formations. (justia.com)
  • Technological advances in the areas of horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing have improved the development of unconventional reservoirs. (justia.com)
  • In addition to such conventional production, newer technologies such as steerable drill bits, electronic sensors, and hydraulic fracturing have opened up so-called unconventional reservoirs composed of dense, impermeable "tight rock" such as shale or dolomite . (britannica.com)
  • Hanifa-Tuwaiq Mountain Zone: The edge between conventional and unconventional systems? (searchanddiscovery.com)
  • An energy industry firm - Schlumberger - uses the term "Unconventional" referring to oil and gas reservoirs whose porosity, permeability, fluid trapping mechanism, or other characteristics differ from conventional sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. (oil-gasportal.com)
  • The emergence of unconventional oil & gas has had a great impact on the global energy system, and their development has been supported by several factors such as a favourable regulatory regime in some countries, the previously cited issue of high prices of conventional resources, the significant technological advancements in areas of horizontal drilling, of thermal EOR processes (TEOR), and of hydraulic fracturing (fundamental for their exploitation). (oil-gasportal.com)
  • Natural fractures, fissures, and microfractures are well-known contributors to production performance of shale reservoirs. (onepetro.org)
  • In this paper, the study is extended to quantify the impact of NF-induced elastic anisotropy on completion and frac designs in different actual shale reservoirs in U.S. (wvu.edu)
  • In addition to that, the impact of natural fracture induced anisotropy on geomechanical log interpretation is different in different shale reservoirs. (wvu.edu)
  • Because Young's modulus, minimum horizontal stress, and stress contrast are all critical parameters for completion and hydraulic fracturing designs, ignoring natural fracture induced anisotropy can result in different kinds of erroneous or suboptimal designs for different shale reservoirs, which is also discussed and concluded in the thesis. (wvu.edu)
  • This paper describes the design, execution and evaluation of the Log-Soak-Log (LSL) pilot test conducted in a giant naturally fractured carbonate reservoir with tight matrix in Western Kazakhstan, where repeatable and reliable measurements of water saturation change were achieved across large intervals (tens of meters) using a time-lapsed pulse neutron logging technique. (spwla.org)
  • Fractured carbonate reservoir is one of the most important reservoir types in the world, and its flow mechanisms has been a hot but challenging research topic in petroleum engineering. (earth-science.net)
  • Furthermore, the reservoir permeability of field examples from actual DFIT tests in Marcellus shale reservoir is quantified using the log-log diagnostic plots based on the model solutions. (onepetro.org)
  • This work primarily focuses on quantifying the reservoir permeability, while in the future more efforts will be made to identify the fracture properties using the proposed model. (onepetro.org)
  • Incorporation of the LSL results into reservoir models validated the ranges of water-oil relative permeability curves, residual oil saturation to water, irreducible water saturation, and capillary pressure assumptions. (spwla.org)
  • The reservoir flow code will include explicit fractures (in place of dual permeability models) and physically realistic equations for flow through fractures (in place of parallel-plate fractures and flow), based on NETL studies of flow through real fractures. (doe.gov)
  • A potential long-term goal will be to remove the current universal relative-permeability assumption for multiphase flow through porous media and replace it with a reservoir simulator that makes the appropriate choice from among the flow regimes of viscous fingering, capillary fingering, relative permeability, and asymptotic approach to relative permeability. (doe.gov)
  • Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation technique used to increase permeability in a subterranean formation. (justia.com)
  • A conventional method for simulation of fluid flow in fractured reservoirs is the classic dual-porosity or dual-permeability model. (justia.com)
  • He currently specializes in well integrity, production optimization and through casing reservoir characterization for various Chevron operations worldwide, consulting on all stages of cased hole logging operations from planning and execution to interpretation and results diagnostic. (spwla.org)
  • Based on the extensive investigation on the existing theories and methods, the flow capacity characterization of fractures, the fluid exchange between different porous mediums and the mathematical models are reviewed systematically, and the prospect of future development and researches of flow theory in this kind of reservoir are also presented in this paper. (earth-science.net)
  • Complex fracture geometries can be generated by either small-scale fracturing, DFIT, or large volume fracture stimulation, because the activation of pre-existing natural fractures, fissures, and microfractures plays a significant role on generation of induced hydraulic fractures. (onepetro.org)
  • Using fracture geometries obtained by high-resolution, micro-CT imaging to extend volume-of-fluid computations of flow of immiscible, non-Newtonian fluids. (doe.gov)
  • Systems and methods for simulating subterranean regions having multi-scale, complex fracture geometries. (justia.com)
  • The present disclosure relates generally to methods and systems for the simulation of subterranean regions with multi-scale complex fracture geometries, applying non-intrusive embedded discrete fracture modeling formulations with simulators. (justia.com)
  • A drawback of the LGR method is that it cannot handle complex fracture geometries due to limitations encountered with the structured gridding technique. (justia.com)
  • In order to handle complex fracture geometries, a conventional technique of unstructured gridding is utilized. (justia.com)
  • A challenging problem persists in modelling realistic fractures with three-dimensional complex geometries for reservoir analysis and production analysis. (justia.com)
  • Thus, a need remains for improved techniques to easily, efficiently, and accurately model multi-scale complex subsurface fracture geometries. (justia.com)
  • In view of the aforementioned problems and trends, embodiments of the present invention provide systems, methods and apparatuses for simulating a subterranean region having complex fracture geometries. (justia.com)
  • According to an aspect of the invention, a method for simulating a subterranean region having fracture geometries is disclosed. (justia.com)
  • Paper presented at the SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition, Abu Dhabi, UAE, May 2017. (onepetro.org)
  • With current computing capabilities, conventional fine-scale single-porosity models are not practical for large-scale reservoir simulation. (onepetro.org)
  • In his previous assignments, Yegor supported active drilling campaign and major capital IOR projects and has rich cross-discipline operational experience with well planning, drilling and completion, workover, production optimization and stimulation, reservoir surveillance, modeling and simulation in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs. (spwla.org)
  • The current understanding of flow through highly naturally fractured formations is poor, and reservoir simulation capabilities for fractured reservoirs rely almost exclusively on techniques (e.g., dual porosity simulation) that smooth out the effects of individual fractures and fracture networks and ignore much of the available geologic data. (doe.gov)
  • Today, due to limited number of light oil reservoirs, enhanced recovery from heavy oil reservoirs is taken into consideration. (sharif.edu)
  • Numerical tools are essential for the prediction and evaluation of conventional hydrocarbon reservoir performance. (acs.org)
  • This paper presents a comparison between natural and stochastic fracture systems in terms of their geomechanical response to in-situ stresses. (onepetro.org)
  • This study addressed the validity of using the DFN approach for geomechanical modelling of fractured rock masses and also has implications for flow simulations. (onepetro.org)
  • Shale has been usually recognized as a transverse isotropic (TI) medium in conventional geomechanical log interpretation due to its laminated nature. (wvu.edu)
  • Previous study illustrates that treating the naturally fractured shale rock as a TI medium by ignoring the NF-induced anisotropy can cause the erroneous estimation of the geomechanical properties (i.e. (wvu.edu)
  • The imbibition measurements can be performed in the lab using core samples, but due to reservoir heterogeneity, certain limitation of the lab equipment and quality of the core material, scalability of the core results to a reservoir model can be challenging. (spwla.org)
  • A comparison between the natural fracture system and its DFN equivalent is made based on phenomena such as fracture-dependent stress heterogeneity, re-activation of pre-existing fractures, new crack propagation and variability of aperture distribution. (onepetro.org)
  • Coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs are notoriously difficult to characterize for the existence of heterogeneity at several length scales. (acs.org)
  • A corresponding discrete fracture network (DFN) is generated using the statistics obtained from the analogue pattern, to ensure the two networks share the same statistical characteristics. (onepetro.org)
  • Non-intrusive embedded discrete fracture modeling formulations are applied in conjunction with commercial simulators to efficiently and accurately model subsurface characteristics in regions having complex hydraulic fractures, complex natural fractures, or a combination of both. (justia.com)
  • The dominant mechanisms of multiphase fluid exchange between each two porosity systems (matrix-isolated vugs, fractures-connected vugs) are discussed separately. (onepetro.org)
  • This paper provides a new insight to the complex fluid exchange among three different media in fractured vuggy reservoirs. (onepetro.org)
  • The recovery mechanism in NFRs relies on ability of fracture network to deliver enough injected fluid to the matrix, as well as rate and magnitude of capillary interactions within the matrix rock, during which hydrocarbon displacement occurs. (spwla.org)
  • Ultimately, the completed NETFlow code will include explicit fractures in multiple geologic layers, multi-component sorption from the fluid(s), compositional tracking, and multiphase flow. (doe.gov)
  • Improving equations of flow through fractured porous media by obtaining CT images of a real fracture geometry and performing computational fluid dynamic modeling of single-phase flow through it. (doe.gov)
  • The formulation of computational fracture networks, therefore, is of great importance if fluid flow is to be accurately modelled and oil production reliably predicted. (onepetro.org)
  • Many studies have been done based on mapped analogues to investigate the mechanisms of fluid transport in carbonate reservoirs (Belayneh et al. (onepetro.org)
  • For instance, in a compressive geological circumstance, only a few fractures are hydraulically active and serve as paths for fluid migration, whereas others may contribute little. (onepetro.org)
  • drilling fluids, cementation of well bore, reservoir fracturing, controlling fluid flow in the reservoir and multistage processes of oil production and refining. (niir.org)
  • In the fracturing process, a fluid is pumped into casing lining the wellbore traversing the formation. (justia.com)
  • The high-pressure fluid creates fissures or fractures that extend into and throughout the rock matrix surrounding the wellbore. (justia.com)
  • This model consists of four different porosity systems, i.e. the matrix, fractures, isolated vugs and connected vugs. (onepetro.org)
  • This study investigates mass exchange between different porosity systems with the final objective of developing new transfer functions that can be used as an application to upscaling fractured vuggy reservoir models. (onepetro.org)
  • Based on that, this paper introduces a generalized model with random fracture geometry caused by natural fractures, fissures, and microfractures. (onepetro.org)
  • It is found that the pressure derivative reaches constant level, no matter what the fracture geometry is. (onepetro.org)
  • Since the presence of fractures significantly impacts the flow behavior of subterranean fluids and gases, it is important to accurately model or simulate the geometry of the fractures in order to determine their influence on well performance and production optimization. (justia.com)
  • Most CO2 storage projects, for obvious reasons, target conventional aquifers (e.g., saline aquifers, depleted hydrocarbon fields) with good reservoir properties and ample subsurface data. (unina.it)
  • Despite numerous studies, there is a lack of fundamental understanding about the displacement behavior of surfactant-crude oil systems under the influence of different fractures' geometrical properties in five-spot systems. (sharif.edu)
  • The influences of injection of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate surfactants as well as the effect of fracture geometrical parameters, on macroscopic and microscopic displacement behavior have been investigated. (sharif.edu)
  • The final output elastic moduli and in-situ stress results interpreted from different assumptions are compared, and the impact of NF-induced elastic anisotropy on completion and fracturing designs is quantified and fully understood for different shales. (wvu.edu)
  • In the extraction of oil from oil shales, intense heat is used to break down a waxy organic matter called kerogen that is contained in the shale and thereby release liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons similar to those found in conventional petroleum . (britannica.com)
  • Such reservoirs are either in the proximity or interbedded with the source rocks, carbonaceous shales interbedded with coals in a fluvial-deltaic systems, etc. (oil-gasportal.com)
  • New transfer functions for multiphase flow in the multi-continuum fractured vuggy model to capture the complex flow mechanisms and emulate the results of the fine-grid model are provided. (onepetro.org)
  • The project team's contribution will include both 1) new flow codes and 2) new quantitative, predictive codes to provide better reservoir-specific input data for use in the flow codes. (doe.gov)
  • 2006). A uniform aperture distribution or a simple linear correlation between fracture length and aperture is always assumed in conventional AFN-based flow simulations. (onepetro.org)
  • Obviously, an accurate quantification of the flow behaviour of a porous rock medium requires a natural fracture network incorporating a realistic aperture distribution as well as new crack propagation on account of potential impacts on connectivity (Latham et al. (onepetro.org)
  • In this work, a series of flow visualization experiments were carried out on one-quarter five spot glass micromodels at various fractures' geometrical properties, such as fracture density and fracture continuity, under oil-wet condition. (sharif.edu)
  • Review on the Seepage Mechanisms of Oil and Gas Flow in Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs. (earth-science.net)
  • Once the fractures are created, the fluids and gases in the formation flow more freely through the fractures and into the wellbore casing for recovery to the surface. (justia.com)
  • As with conventional gas wells, hydraulic fracturing is used as a primary means of stimulating gas flow in CBM wells. (energyjustice.net)
  • An analogue fracture network (AFN) is often used to realistically characterise the geometrical attributes of a naturally fractured rock mass. (onepetro.org)
  • Despite numerous experimental studies, little is known about the role of fracture geometrical properties on oil recovery efficiency during surfactant floods, especially in five-spot systems. (sharif.edu)
  • The LGR method also requires a greater number of small grids near fractures, resulting in complex gridding issues and an expensive computational cost. (justia.com)
  • As with the LGR method, the unstructured gridding method also needs a large number of small grids near complex fractures, resulting in complex gridding issues and an expensive computational cost. (justia.com)
  • Additionally core data is used to calibrate the log derived reservoir parameters to those same parameters measured in the laboratory. (fracmod.com)
  • In this embodiment, data representing a subterranean region is obtained, the data comprising a matrix grid and fracture parameters. (justia.com)
  • An analogue fracture network (AFN) is extracted from the geological map of a limestone outcrop. (onepetro.org)
  • Hydraulic Fracture Modeling is used to predict the size and nature of the fractures near the wellbore before the fracking operation in the field. (fracmod.com)
  • Numerical modeling of naturally fractured vuggy reservoirs presents many challenges due to the coexistence of three very different kinds of media and their complex interaction on multiple scales. (onepetro.org)
  • A multi-continuum reservoir model is presented as an effective approach to modeling fractured vuggy reservoirs on the coarse scale. (onepetro.org)
  • NETL's in-house fractured-reservoir simulator will be modified to handle multi-layer, multi-component flows involving any two miscible fluids. (doe.gov)
  • Crude oil is usually found in relatively coarse-grained, permeable , and porous sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone , from which it can be drawn by using the natural formation pressure alone or, if necessary, some well-established technology such as mechanically pumping the oil out or forcing gas or liquid into the reservoir. (britannica.com)
  • However, conventional reservoir simulators using unstructured gridding are limited to vertical fractures. (justia.com)
  • Instead of unconditional statistical fits to field fracture data, finite-element mechanics will be used to calculate stress fields for subsequent prediction of fracture locations, orientations, and densities. (doe.gov)
  • NETL's existing grain-level model for fracturing of sedimentary media will be extended for the prediction of fractures and fracture properties from the stress fields. (doe.gov)
  • Build 3D geocellular reservoir model utilizing structural interpretation from seismic, well tops and mapping. (fracmod.com)
  • shale oil , in fossil fuel production, either a synthetic crude oil that is extracted from oil shale by means of pyrolysis or a naturally occurring crude oil that is extracted from underground shale deposits by means of fracking (hydraulic fracturing). (britannica.com)
  • Secondary oil recovery projects in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs (NFR) often introduce uncertainties and challenges that are not common to conventional waterflood. (spwla.org)
  • Coal beds are an attractive prospect for development because of their ability to retain large amounts of gas -- coal is able to store six to seven times more gas than an equivalent volume of rock common to conventional gas reservoirs. (energyjustice.net)
  • 156 In most regions of the U.S., coalbed methane wells produce between 100 and 500 thousand cubic feet (Mcf) per day, while the average conventional well in the lower 48 states produces approximately 1.7 million cubic feet (MMcf) per day. (energyjustice.net)
  • The project objective is to develop an explicit fracture simulator that can be used to model oil recovery from highly fractured formations and that uses available geologic input data on individual fractures. (doe.gov)
  • Published acoustic log data from five different shale formations (Bakken, Marcellus, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, and Niobrara) are collected and examined to determine their availability to generate the stiffness tensor of the representative TI background rock of each Shale reservoir. (wvu.edu)
  • built a complex fracture-network model for after-closure analysis of DIFT by considering natural fractures. (onepetro.org)
  • First, the model flexibility is demonstrated by different complex fracture cases, namely opening-fissure fracture network, tree-like fracture network, radial multiple fracture network, and mutually orthogonal fracture network. (onepetro.org)
  • Model and updates are available on NETL's website, providing a source for smaller, independent operators to model fractured reservoir recovery. (doe.gov)
  • This method is suitable to model small-scale fractures with a high density. (justia.com)
  • In order to model fractures explicitly, another method of local grid refinement (LGR) using a structured gridding technique is often used. (justia.com)
  • Physical properties are assigned to each new created fracture cell. (justia.com)
  • Geological services also include conventional field development, enhanced oil recovery and building detailed 3D geo-cellular models. (fracmod.com)
  • The results show that the higher the natural fracture intensity within the shale rock body, the outcomes interpreted from TI and OB models are more deviated from each other. (wvu.edu)
  • In this study, two types of surfactant solutions have been injected into micromodels, which were initially saturated with crude oil, having different length, orientation, and distribution of fractures under oil-wet conditions. (sharif.edu)
  • The obtained data is used to identify geometric interactions between fractures and matrix cells in the matrix grid. (justia.com)
  • A draft study released by the state Department of Environmental Quality [but tellingly paid for by Encana] in December concluded hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, likely played little role in polluting water wells in the Pavillion area. (ernstversusencana.ca)
  • It linked contamination in the those wells to naturally occurring pollutants. (ernstversusencana.ca)
  • 155 On a daily basis, however, CBM wells typically do not produce as much gas as conventional wells. (energyjustice.net)
  • The amount of water produced from most CBM wells is relatively high compared to conventional gas wells because coal beds contain many fractures and pores that can contain and move large amounts of water. (energyjustice.net)
  • CBM wells are drilled with techniques similar to those used for conventional wells. (energyjustice.net)
  • This hypothesis oversimplifies the geologically-induced variability of natural fracture apertures. (onepetro.org)
  • However, when natural fractures (NFs) exist in the rock body, additional elastic anisotropy can be introduced, converting Shale to an orthorhombic (OB) medium. (wvu.edu)
  • Natural fractures with different intensity values from 0 to 10 per foot, with shear wave splitting ranging from 0-5%, are introduced in the TI background rock to create the corresponding OB rock stiffness tensor. (wvu.edu)
  • Specifically, the magnitudes of Young's modulus are overestimated for all five shale when ignoring natural fracture induced anisotropy in log interpretation. (wvu.edu)
  • Moreover, ignoring natural fracture induced anisotropy leads to incorrect interpretation of stress contrast. (wvu.edu)
  • This dual-continuum method considers the fractured reservoir as two systems, a fracture system and a matrix system. (justia.com)
  • In addition, application of sodium dodecyl sulfate for oil recovery in fractured media is not discussed well. (sharif.edu)
  • In this technique an oil shale deposit is fractured with explosives, after which a mixture of gas and air is pumped into the deposit and ignited to heat the rock. (britannica.com)
  • Fracking is specifically designed to fracture (fracking) this structure in order to access trapped oil and gas. (ernstversusencana.ca)
  • The areal extent of the compartmentalized reservoir is poorly constrained, encouraging a scenario-based approach. (unina.it)
  • The fracture network contributes with up to 2 % to the final volumes. (unina.it)
  • Moreover, the results can be used to guide the development of similar reservoirs around the world. (earth-science.net)
  • Water injection tests confirm the injectivity of the reservoir. (unina.it)
  • It is a fracture pattern of actual rock outcrops involving complicated intersections, bends and segmentations. (onepetro.org)
  • Naturally fractured reservoirs contain numerous discontinuities which greatly influence or even dominate the hydraulic behaviour of the host media. (onepetro.org)
  • Produce reservoir-based play fairway maps with common risk segments. (fracmod.com)
  • As additional capabilities for use with more kinds of reservoirs are added, each code addition will be validated with data from the appropriate type of field. (doe.gov)