Natural killer cells subsets. Medical search. Frequent questions

I. Characterization of the lymphocyte subset reactive with B73.1. (bdbiosciences.com)
In addition, leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed via flow cytometry, and the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha was measured before and then 5 and 45 min after the orgasm. (karger.com)
Natural killer cells (or NK cells ) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the Innate immune system . (wikidoc.org)
The activity of natural killer cell of peripheral blood, T lymphocyte subsets, secreting interleukin-II and the EmAb were determined. (avicenna.co.uk)
Our adaptive immunity, also called acquired immunity, is composed of lymphocyte cells that are triggered when a specific pathogen enters the body. (squareonepublishers.com)
other lymphocyte subsets. (123dok.net)
CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
The guidelines describe single-platform technology (SPT), a process in which absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets are measured from a single tube by a single instrument. (cdc.gov)
With CD45 gating, the relative numbers of beads and lymphocyte subsets are enumerated, and their absolute numbers and percentage values are calculated. (cdc.gov)
Immunological function assays indicated that O3 exposure attenuated the proliferation of spleen mononuclear cells induced by concanavalin A and decreased CD4+ and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets. (cdc.gov)
Taken together, data conclude that short-term repetitive O3 exposure damages both innate and acquired immunity via altering the lymphocyte subset and cytokine profile, and via impact on thymocyte early development. (cdc.gov)
The Cambridge Biotech HIV-1 Western Blot Kit is manufactured by Calypte Corporation from HIV-I propagated in an H9/HTLV-IIIb T lymphocyte cell line. (cdc.gov)

NK cells respond to tumor and virus-infected cells directly through several activation receptors, including natural cytotoxicity receptors, or indirectly through the activating Fc receptor CD16 for antibody-coated cells. (nih.gov)
Triggering of NK-cell effector functions through these receptors depends on physically associated transmembrane signaling adaptors, such as FcRγ (also known as FcεRIγ) and CD3ζ, both of which have been traditionally believed to be expressed by all mature NK cells. (nih.gov)
FcRγ-deficient NK cells displayed dramatically reduced expression of the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp46 and NKp30 but still expressed substantial levels of CD16. (nih.gov)
Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
H25+ and H366+ lymphocytes are medium-sized cells with abundant granular cytoplasm, and most carry Fc receptors for IgG. (ox.ac.uk)
NK cells contribute to early defenses against viruses through their inborn abilities that include sensing of PAMPs and inflammatory signals such as cytokines or chemokines, recognition, and killing of infected cells through activating surface receptors engagement. (frontiersin.org)
NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
2014). Human NK cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of leukemias and solid tumors. (springer.com)
It's called triple-negative breast cancer because the cancer cells in TNBC don't have receptors for the hormones estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR). (cancer.org)
Functional properties of a unique subset of cytotoxic CD3+ T lymphocytes that express Fc receptors for IgG (CD16/Leu-11 antigen). (bdbiosciences.com)
A wide variety of immune cells have vitamin D receptors that, once engaged, profoundly alter cellular function. (creighton.edu)
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. (caslab.com)
NK-cells are defined as large granular lymphocytes that do not express T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) or Pan T marker CD3 or surface immunoglobulins (Ig) B cell receptor but that usually express the surface markers CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD56 in humans, and NK1.1/NK1.2 in certain strains of mice. (wikidoc.org)
Aside from the Fc receptor, Natural Killer cells express a variety of receptors that serve to either activate or suppress their cytolytic activity. (wikidoc.org)
These receptors bind to various ligands on target cells, both endogenous and exogenous, and have an important role in regulating the NK-cell response. (wikidoc.org)
Most of these receptors are not unique to NK cells and can be present in other T cell subsets as well. (wikidoc.org)
These inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I alleles , which could explain why NK cells kill cells possessing low levels of MHC class I molecules. (wikidoc.org)
Two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CX3CR1, were broadly expressed, implying a potentially central role in cell trafficking. (broadinstitute.org)
Depending on the amount of receptors, single cells expand stronger or weaker. (tum.de)
Human dNK cell function is differentially regulated by extrinsic cellular engagement and intrinsic activating receptors in first and second trimester pregnancy. (nih.gov)
B46 had no detectable effect on HIV-specific Tcell responses, but this allele is unusual in containing an HLA-C epitope that binds inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells. (cdc.gov)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)

This is of particular importance as harmful cells that are missing MHC markers cannot be tracked and attacked by other immune cells, such as T-lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
It has been shown that lymphocytes, when exposed to interferon-gamma, anti-CD3 antibody, interleukin-1 and interleukin 2, are capable of lysing fresh, non-cultured cancer cells, both primary and metastatic. (wikipedia.org)
Both antibodies react with about 10% of E rosette-forming cells and a proportion of nonrosetting lymphocytes and monocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
They do not react with B lymphocytes, granulocytes, red cells or platelets. (ox.ac.uk)
First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The relationship of CD16 (Leu-11) and Leu-19 (NKH-1) antigen expression on human peripheral blood NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
Accurate and reliable measures of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (CD4+ T-cells) are essential to the assessment of the immune system of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons (1-3). (cdc.gov)
and the percentage of lymphocytes that are CD4+ T-cells. (cdc.gov)
The CDC guidelines concerning CD4+ T-cell determinations (33) were first published in the MMWR in 1992 to provide laboratorians with the most complete information about how to measure CD4+ T-lymphocytes in blood from HIV-infected persons by using flow cytometry. (cdc.gov)
Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
CD11c is expressed by dendritic cells, a subset of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IEL) and some activated T cells. (thermofisher.com)
CD11c is expressed in monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, some granulocytes and less so in a subset of lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
Originating from bone marrow, natural killer cells comprise about 15% of all circulating white blood cells (aka lymphocytes). (knowledgeofhealth.com)
HIV infection is characterized by a decrease and, eventually, a depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes (helper T cells). (cdc.gov)
Using immunophenotyping, HIV-positive blood samples and age-matched controls were tested for the proportion of lymphocytes that are T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells (suppressor/inducer T cells). (cdc.gov)
The loss of ZAP-70 function leads to selective inability to produce CD8+ T lymphocytes and abolishes T cell receptor stimulation in mature CD4+ T lymphocytes [Arpaia, et al. (lu.se)
Immunologic memory cells typically include B-Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes and sometimes adaptive NK cells. (bvsalud.org)

We show that subsets of human CD28-effector CD8 T cells , CCR7- CD45RO+ effector memory , and CCR7- CD45RO- effector memory RA phenotypes , express the chemerin receptor CMKLR1 and bind chemerin via the receptor. (bvsalud.org)
Data highlight the potentiality of this novel immunotherapy strategy where a nonspecific cytotoxic cell population can be converted into tumor-specific effectors with clinical-grade antibodies, thus providing not only a therapeutic option for TNBC but also a valid alternative to more complex approaches based on chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cells. (wikipedia.org)
During anti-HCMV responses, NK cells can reshape their receptor repertoire and function, through epigenetic remodeling, and acquire adaptive traits such as longevity and clonal expansion abilities. (frontiersin.org)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
Perussia B, Starr S, Abraham S, Fanning V, Trinchieri G. Human natural killer cells analyzed by B73.1, a monoclonal antibody blocking Fc receptor functions. (bdbiosciences.com)
The Fc receptor for IgG on human natural killer cells: phenotypic, functional, and comparative studies with monoclonal antibodies. (bdbiosciences.com)
Enforcement of γδ-lineage commitment by the pre-T-cell receptor in precursors with weak γδ-TCR signals. (sunnybrook.ca)
Versican G3 promotes mouse mammary tumor cell growth, migration, and metastasis by influencing EGF receptor signaling. (sunnybrook.ca)
NK-cells, along with macrophages and several other cell types, express the FcR molecule, an activating biochemical receptor that binds the Fc portion of antibodies . (wikidoc.org)
heterodimers) - a C-type lectin family receptor, conserved in both rodents and primates and identifies non-classical (also non-polymorphic) MHC I molecules like HLA E . Though indirect, this is a way to survey the levels of classical (polymorphic) HLA molecules, however, because expression of HLA-E at the cell surface is dependent upon the presence of classical MHC class I leader peptides. (wikidoc.org)
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor instructs the immunomodulatory profile of a subset of Clec4a4+ eosinophils unique to the small intestine. (stanford.edu)
Remarkably, Clec4a4+ eosinophils were instructed by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that imprints many gut immune cells. (stanford.edu)
The graphic shows the distribution of the Ly49H-receptor on the surface of different natural killer cells (NK). (tum.de)
NKs possess surface molecules that identify CMV-infected cells, such as the receptor Ly49H in mice. (tum.de)
It is known that NKs equipped with this receptor (Ly49H-NKs) are particularly effective at destroying CMV-infected cells. (tum.de)
This trait seemed to be heritable, with the descendants of an NK resembling their "parent" cell in terms of Ly49H receptor levels. (tum.de)
KLRF1, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on nearly all natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytoxicity and cytokine release (Kuttruff et al. (nih.gov)
In this context, a new molecule, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), has emerged as a positive regulator of B cell survival and differentiation functioning through various signaling pathways and potentiating the activity of various receptor complexes through pleiotropic means. (medsci.org)
T-cell numbers were derived from three measurements deter- attributable to the decrease in the number of T cells that bear mined with two different instruments, a hematology analyzer the CD4 receptor ( 5-9 ). (cdc.gov)
CRTH2: Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed includes nonallergic asthma phenotypes, such as asthma on TH2 cells associated with exposure to air pollution, infection, or obesity, ILC: Innate lymphoid cell that require innate rather than adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
ZAP-70 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by mutations in the gene coding for T cell receptor z-chain associated protein kinase [ Chan et al. (lu.se)

Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) cells are a group of immune effector cells featuring a mixed T- and natural killer (NK) cell-like phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
CIK cells have, as a key feature, a double T-cell and NK cell-like phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
Fig. 2: Impact of antigen-induced self-engagement on CAR-NK effector cell phenotype and function. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Impact of TROG-antigen acquisition on CAR-NK cell phenotype and function in vivo. (nature.com)
We also found a serum cytokine that was elevated in dogs that were asymptomatic after Lyme disease exposure, thus this cytokine could be skewing the NK cell subset toward a less inflammatory phenotype. (pwdfoundation.org)
HLA-B∗46 associates with rapid HIV disease progression in Asian cohorts and prominent differences in NK cell phenotype. (cdc.gov)

Unexpectedly, however, FcRγ-deficient NK cells exhibited significantly more robust responsiveness upon stimulation through CD16, particularly for cytokine production, compared to FcRγ-expressing NK cells. (nih.gov)
Both culture conditions showed high NK purity with predominance of NK CD56 bright CD16 + subset post expansion. (springer.com)
While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)
The CD16 antibody, clone 3G8, is derived from the fusion of CD2F1 mouse spleen cells with P3U1 myeloma cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP-1) transiently translocates to raft domains and modulates CD16-mediated cytotoxicity in human NK cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Sexual arousal and orgasm increased the absolute number of leukocytes, in particular natural killer cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+), in the peripheral blood. (karger.com)

These NK cells referred to as cytokine induced memory-like natural killer cells are induced using cytokines, most commonly a mix of IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18. (wikipedia.org)
These NK cells are activated by these cytokines to stimulate an infection and induce an adaptive immune response. (wikipedia.org)
They were given the name "cytokine-induced killer" because cultivation with certain cytokines is mandatory for the maturation into terminally differentiated CIK cells. (wikipedia.org)
These cytokines strongly stimulate the proliferation and maturation into CIK cells. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
Examination of T cells showed profound lymphopenia, that worsened over time and correlated with lower levels of plasma cytokines important for T cell survival in aged patients with severe disease. (medrxiv.org)
The cytokines Interferon play a crucial role in NK-cell activation. (wikidoc.org)
NK cells are activated in response to interferons or macrophage -derived cytokines . (wikidoc.org)
Furthermore, loss of IL22 reduced the number of lung-infiltrating inflammatory cells and decreased the expression of protumor inflammatory cytokines, while also increasing the antitumor Th1 and cytotoxic T-cell responses. (aacr.org)
Based on these results, therapies targeted towards decreasing NK cell-mediated inflammation, or to increase serum cytokines associated with NK differentiation, may help dogs maintain an asymptomatic state following Lyme Disease exposure. (pwdfoundation.org)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)

Compared to FcRγ-expressing NK cells, FcRγ-deficient NK cells showed poor direct reactivity toward tumor targets as measured by cytokine production and degranulation. (nih.gov)
This interaction results in iNKT activation and cytokine production (IFN gamma, IL-4, IL-13), which takes important part in immune regulation and host response to pathogens and cancer(support of both Th1 and Th2 way), although iNKT cells represent less than 1% of total peripheral T cells. (exbio.cz)

Various subsets of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with different cytokine productions develop in the mouse thymus, but the factors driving their differentiation remain unclear. (nih.gov)
The mouse monoclonal antibody 6B11 recognizes an extracellular epitope within V alpha 24 J alpha 18 TCR, which is expressed by invariant NK T cells (iNKT). (exbio.cz)
TCR alpha V24-J18 chain is a marker of invariant NK T cells (iNKT). (exbio.cz)
Krovi SH, Gapin L: Invariant natural killer T cell subsets - more than just developmental intermediates. (exbio.cz)

They are generated by ex vivo incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or cord blood mononuclear cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), anti-CD3 antibody, recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1 and recombinant human interleukin (IL)-2. (wikipedia.org)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells or cord blood mononuclear cells are extracted from either peripheral blood or cord blood, e.g. by simple blood draw. (wikipedia.org)
Two monoclonal antibodies identifying a subset of human peripheral mononuclear cells with natural killer cell activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Two monoclonal antibodies (H25 and H366) raised against the cultured T lymphoid cell line HSB-2 were shown to define a subset of peripheral mononuclear cells with natural killer and killer cell activity. (ox.ac.uk)
A proportion of thymocytes and low numbers of tonsil and spleen mononuclear cells are positive. (ox.ac.uk)
Phenotypic transcriptional and functional examination of the peripheral mononuclear cells revealed age-, time, and disease severity-specific adaptations. (medrxiv.org)

Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)
The CD56 dim subset is the terminally differentiated successor of the CD56 bright population and is primarily responsible for exerting cytolytic functions ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
The percentage of CD56(bright) cells was significantly higher than the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)
The frequency of CD3+CD56- T cells was significantly lower in both the chronic and resolved groups compared to the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)
The elimination or persistence (NKRs) and mediate functions of both cells and CD56+NT cells was charac- of the infection depends on a balance T cells and NK cells [13]. (who.int)

Our data therefore suggest that TCR signal strength during thymic differentiation may influence not only IFN-γ production, but also the protective function of iNKT cells in arthritis. (nih.gov)
2016). Natural killer cell-based adoptive immunotherapy eradicates and drives differentiation of chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells. (springer.com)
TGF-β affects development and differentiation of human natural killer cell subsets. (sunnybrook.ca)
HEB-deficient T-cell precursors lose T-cell potential and adopt an alternative pathway of differentiation. (sunnybrook.ca)
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is reported to promote NK cell differentiation and education. (aacrjournals.org)
We found evidence of local activation of B cells correlated with an age-associated B-cell signature and evidence of progressive stages of monocyte differentiation within the kidney. (broadinstitute.org)
that regulate the differentiation and activation of these cells. (cdc.gov)

These mice are devoid of endogenous natural killer and T-cell activity and were used to determine whether adoptively transferred expanded natural killer cells could inhibit myeloma growth and myeloma-associated bone destruction. (haematologica.org)
Different primitive and metastatic TNBC cancer mouse models were established in mice, and the treatment CIK cells plus cetuximab significantly restrained primitive tumor growth in mice, either in patient-derived tumor xenografts or MDA-MB-231 cell line models. (wikipedia.org)
However, supplementation with natural antioxidants protected mice from O3-induced dysfunction of splenocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)

instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
NK cells have been seen as potential agents in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. (springer.com)
Natural killer cell adoptive immunotherapy: Coming of age. (springer.com)
The presence of immune cells in the microenvironment suggests that immunotherapy may be effective against TNBC. (cancer.org)
Fig. 4: A lower level of CAR-mediated TROG-antigen expression was associated with improved clinical response to CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy. (nature.com)
Immunotherapy is about to supplant chemotherapy that harms healthy cells as well as malignant cells and can often lead to the early demise of cancer patients before their tumors induce death. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
The ability of malignant cells to escape destruction by the immune system is a major problem that impairs even the most advanced forms of immunotherapy now under rapid development by pharmaceutical and biotech companies. (knowledgeofhealth.com)

Why focus on natural killer (NK) cells when there are also other important white blood cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and T-cells (thymus cells)? (knowledgeofhealth.com)
RESULTS: CD4-Eff cells, CD8-Eff cells and M1 macrophages were the most abundant immune cells invading the tumour cell compartment and indicated a patient group with a favourable prognosis in the cluster analysis. (lu.se)
Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)

NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Vyth-Dreese FA, Sein J, van de Kasteele W, Dellemijn TA, van den Bogaard C, Nooijen WJ, de Gast GC, Haanen JB, Bex A: Lack of anti-tumour reactivity despite enhanced numbers of circulating natural killer T cells in two patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (exbio.cz)

Gerosa F, Baldani-Guerra B, Nisii C, Marchesini V, Carra G, Trinchieri G. Reciprocal activating interaction between natural killer cells and dendritic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
N418 binds to CD11c on splenic dendritic cells in the T-dependent areas of mouse spleen and precipitates a 150, 90 kDa heterodimer. (thermofisher.com)
Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)

I am currently conducting surgeries to gain insight into chronic rejection after liver transplants in rat liver transplant models, as well as high-dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF) analysis using the samples of vascularized composite tissue transplant to discern cell populations and subsets involved in the rejection. (stanford.edu)
of various populations of NKR+ T cells whole blood were withdrawn from Natural killer (NK) cells are potent have been reported to be impaired in each participant on ethylenediamine- antiviral cells which eliminate the vi- chronic hepatitis C patients [16,21]. (who.int)
Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
Our analysis revealed 21 subsets of leukocytes active in disease, including multiple populations of myeloid cells, T cells, natural killer cells and B cells that demonstrated both pro-inflammatory responses and inflammation-resolving responses. (broadinstitute.org)

However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
NK cell proliferation, phenotypic expression and cytotoxic activity were evaluated. (springer.com)
MicroRNA miR-199a-3p regulates cell proliferation and survival by targeting caveolin-2. (sunnybrook.ca)
In the present study, data showed that O3 exposure could impair both the natural killer (NK) cell activity and the proliferation potential of spleen T cells to a specific antigen stimulus. (cdc.gov)
First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)

Here, we characterized the whole-genome distribution of methyl-CpG and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in mouse innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3), ILC2 and natural killer (NK) cells. (stanford.edu)

The recruitment of cells with effector functions into the tumor microenvironment holds potential for delaying cancer progression. (bvsalud.org)
Developmental progression of fetal HEB(-/-) precursors to the pre-T-cell stage is restored by HEBAlt. (sunnybrook.ca)

A common evolutionary adaption to this seen in both intracellular microbes and tumours is a chronic down-regulation of these MHC I molecules, rendering the cell impervious to T-cell mediated immunity. (wikidoc.org)
Spatial distribution of LTi-like cells in intestinal mucosa regulates type 3 innate immunity. (stanford.edu)
Building immunologic memory cells is a basis of how a vaccine affords immunity to a specific pathogen. (bvsalud.org)

Researchers now say the emerging field of nutritional immunology should focus on natural killer cells for both cancer prevention and treatment. (knowledgeofhealth.com)

However, several immune alterations, such as differential leukocyte subset composition at baseline, blunted natural killer cell and T-cell functions, and altered cytokine levels were observed. (mcw.edu)

As a special feature, terminally differentiated CD3+CD56+ CIK cells possess the capacity for both MHC-restricted and MHC-unrestricted anti-tumor cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)

Upon infection many viruses, including Herpesviruses, target T cell function via specific interactions with TCR and HLA-I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
As these are stress-molecules, released by cells upon viral infection, they serve to signal to the NK-cell the presence of viral pathogens. (wikidoc.org)
Upon release in close proximity to a cell slated for killing, perforin forms pores in the cell membrane of the target cell through which the granzymes and associated molecules can enter, inducing apoptosis . (wikidoc.org)
MHC class I molecules consist of the main mechanism by which cells display viral or tumor antigens to cytotoxic T-cells. (wikidoc.org)
Some drugs aim to stimulate the body's natural killer cells to fight cancer - but this leaves the door open for cancer patients to do this on their own using natural molecules to promote health rather than treat disease. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Although hallmarks of a cytokine storm were evident in both groups, older individuals exhibited elevated levels of chemokines that mobilize inflammatory myeloid cells, notably in those who succumbed to disease. (medrxiv.org)
Several of these critical changes, such as the reduction of surface HLA-DR on myeloid cells, were reversed in young but not aged patients over time. (medrxiv.org)

Objective The aim of this work was to evaluate the hypothesis that the distribution of circulating immune cell subsets, or their activation state, is significantly different between peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and healthy postpartum (HP) women. (uky.edu)
Miyake, K. & Karasuyama, H. The role of trogocytosis in the modulation of immune cell functions. (nature.com)
The immune cell landscape in kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis. (broadinstitute.org)
CONCLUSION: We present a unique spatial profile of the in situ immune cell landscape in NSCLC as a publicly available data set. (lu.se)

NK expansion and activation were stimulated by culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and IL-2, in the presence or absence of BM-MSCs. (springer.com)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is usually maintained in an asymptomatic and latent form by the host immune system, and primarily by EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). (researchgate.net)
They serve to contain viral infections while the adaptive immune response is generating antigen -specific cytotoxic T cells that can clear the infection. (wikidoc.org)
Schematic diagram indicating the complementary activities of cytotoxic T-cells and NK cells. (wikidoc.org)

NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
My current research focus is biomarker discovery of graft rejection in solid organ transplant patients and studying natural killer cells in viral infection using omics methods including Mass Cytometry and Next Generation Sequencing. (stanford.edu)
Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)
et 20 témoins en bonne santé ne présentant pas d'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C. Une réduction importante de la fréquence des cellules tueuses naturelles totales dans le groupe des patients porteurs d'une infection chronique a été observée par rapport au groupe des témoins ( P = 0,001) ou au groupe des patients dont l'infection a connu une résolution spontanée ( P = 0,01). (who.int)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)
Recent studies suggest that the clonal expansion of EBV-infected T or natural killer cells plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic active EBV infection. (researchgate.net)
The impact of CMV infection and adaptive-like NK cells on relapse and survival of patients with AML not receiving allo-SCT remains unknown. (aacrjournals.org)
Patients deficient in NK cells prove to be highly susceptible to early phases of herpes virus infection. (wikidoc.org)
When an infection is detected, a small subset of the most effective killer cells is identified and selectively expanded - as a team from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has now been able to show for the first time. (tum.de)

Likewise, single densities of lymphocytic subsets (CD4-Eff, CD4-Treg, CD8-Treg, B-cells and pDCs) were independently associated with longer survival. (lu.se)

However, CIK cells have the ability to recognize infected or even malignant cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC, allowing for a fast and unbiased immune reaction. (wikipedia.org)

Subpopulations of human natural killer cells defined by expression of the Leu-7 (HNK-1) and Leu-11 (NK-15) antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
The use of these cell lines for production of flaviviral antigens will expand serological diagnostic testing of flaviviruses worldwide. (cdc.gov)

Their fundamental role in anti-viral responses has been unveiled in patients with NK cell deficiencies suffering from severe Herpesvirus infections. (frontiersin.org)
The major mechanisms of recognition and effector responses employed by NK cells against Herpesviruses, related to their genomic organization will be addressed, including those allowing NK cells to generate memory-like responses. (frontiersin.org)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)
Gene expression signatures within memory B cells suggest qualitative differences in the antibody responses in aged patients with severe disease. (medrxiv.org)
Unbiased transcriptomic screens showed increased NK cell activation in people with HIV, without B46, and simultaneous single-cell profiling of surface proteins and transcriptomes revealed a NK cell subset primed for increased responses in the absence of B46. (cdc.gov)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with debilitating symptoms related to anemia, immunosuppression, bone destruction, and renal failure. (haematologica.org)
Because natural killer cells directly destroy invading viruses and malignant cells rather than rely on antibody production such as with anti-cancer vaccines. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
The pathogenic condition has various phenotypes, including fulminant infectious mononucleosis, dysgammaglobulinemia and malignant B cell lymphomas [Purtilo et al. (lu.se)

Extracted cells are ex-vivo exposed to interferon-gamma, anti-CD3 antibody, interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 in a time-sensitive schedule. (wikipedia.org)
Indeed, the engagement of CD16a on CD3+CD56+ cells led to a potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) both in vitro and in vivo against ovarian cancer. (wikipedia.org)
This allows Natural Killer cells to target cells against which a humoral response has been mobilized and to lyse cells through Antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) . (wikidoc.org)
A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
An expert in cancer therapy says natural killer cell therapy would be far more economical and would not rely on antibody production to abolish tumor cells. (knowledgeofhealth.com)

Isolation, expansion, and characterization of natural killer cells and their precursors as a tool to study cancer immunosurveillance. (springer.com)

CIK cells respond to these lymphokines, particularly IL-2, by lysing tumor cells that were already known to be resistant to NK cell or LAK cell activity. (wikipedia.org)
Natural killer cells release a toxic chemical called interferon to destroy tumor cells. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Readers of this report can view an online video of natural killer cells destroying tumor cells by clicking on the graphic below. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
One of those cells replicated more than all others, and its descendants eradicated 5 pounds of tumor cells! (knowledgeofhealth.com)

ABSTRACT Natural kil er (NK) cel s are key players in the immune response to viruses. (who.int)

The defining functional feature of NK cells remains their intrinsic ability to conduct "natural killing" of cellular targets without prior sensitization. (frontiersin.org)

The transferred, expanded natural killer cells proliferated in vivo in an interleukin-2 dose-dependent fashion, persisted up to 4 weeks, were readily detectable in the human bone, inhibited myeloma growth and protected bone from myeloma-induced osteolysis. (haematologica.org)
Furthermore, α4 integrin blockade abrogated the chemerin-dependent recruitment of CD8+ T effector memory cells into implanted prostate tumors in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
A new subclass of NK cells have been created both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
The antitumor effect provided by natural killing has been observed in tumors of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins and reported in diverse in vivo models and clinical series ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Shaping of natural killer cell antitumor activity by ex vivo cultivation. (springer.com)
Notch signals are required for in vitro but not in vivo maintenance of human hematopoietic stem cells and delay the appearance of multipotent progenitors. (sunnybrook.ca)
Fig. 6: AI-CAR-expressing NK cells showed superior in vivo antitumor activity. (nature.com)

However, we have identified a distinct subset of human NK cells that are deficient for FcRγ expression but express normal levels of CD3ζ. (nih.gov)
We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
CMKLR1-expressing human CD8 effector memory T cells present gene , protein , and cytotoxic features of NK cells . (bvsalud.org)
Plus, TNBC cells make very little or none of the protein called HER2 (human epidermal growth factor). (cancer.org)
The immune system is comprised of highly specialized q The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and cells, tissues, and organs that give the human body the do not necessarily represent the views of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (cdc.gov)
The biology of human natural killer-cell subsets. (bdbiosciences.com)
Human CD8 T cells generated in vitro from hematopoietic stem cells are functionally mature. (sunnybrook.ca)
NKp80 Defines a Critical Step during Human Natural Killer Cell Development. (nih.gov)
Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function ( CCR7 , CD27 , IL7R , CAMK4 , CD28 ), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins ( MRPS27 , MRPS9 , MRPS31 ), and DNA replication and repair ( WRN ). (biomedcentral.com)
These nutrients can be employed to control minerals like iron and copper that accumulate in the human body with advancing age and diminish the number and activity of natural killer cells. (knowledgeofhealth.com)

Conclusions These studies provide the rationale for testing expanded natural killer cells in humans. (haematologica.org)

Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)
The main challenge for the success of this approach is to obtain a great quantity of activated NK cells for adoptive transfer. (springer.com)

Here we show that hypomorphic alleles of Zap70 or chemical inhibition of Zap70 catalysis leads to an increase of IFN-γ-producing iNKT cells (NKT1 cells), suggesting that NKT1 cells may require a lower TCR signal threshold. (nih.gov)

This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)

These properties, inter alia, rendered CIK cells attractive as a potential therapy for cancer and viral infections. (wikipedia.org)
This lifelong challenge has contributed to the development of numerous evasion mechanisms by Herpesviruses, many of which devoted to elude NK cell surveillance from viral reactivations rather than primary infections. (frontiersin.org)
The use of previously developed COS-1 cell lines secreting noninfectious recombinant viral antigen is limited due to diminished antigen secretion over time. (cdc.gov)

We identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DHMRs) between ILC and NK cell subsets and correlated them with transcriptional signatures. (stanford.edu)

Cell densities and cell distances contribute independently to prognostic information on clinical outcomes, suggesting that spatial information is crucial for diagnostic use. (lu.se)

These findings support a role for NK cells in HIV pathogenesis, revealed by the unique properties of the B46 allele common only in Asia. (cdc.gov)

MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow (BM) cells remaining in the bag and filter used in the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. (springer.com)

Single cell RNA sequencing revealed augmented signatures of activation, exhaustion, cytotoxicity, and type-I interferon signaling in memory T cells and NK cells. (medrxiv.org)
A clear interferon response was observed in most cells. (broadinstitute.org)

Anatomy33

Organisms9

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes21

Information Science2

Lymphocyte12

Receptors24

Lymphocytes17

Receptor21

Phenotype6

CD166

Cytokines11

Cytokine production2

Invariant4

Mononuclear cells6

CD565

Differentiation7

Mice3

Immunotherapy7

Macrophages3

Renal cell carc2

Dendritic cells5

Populations4

Proliferation5

Lymphoid cell1

Progression2

Immunity3

Immunology1

Leukocyte1

Terminally differentiated1

Molecules9

Myeloid cells2

Immune cell4

Antigen-prese1

Cytotoxic T cel3

Infection9

Lymphocytic1

Antibodies1

Antigens2

Responses5

Malignant3

Antibody5

Characterization1

Tumor cells4

Abstract1

Cellular1

Vivo7

Human10

Humans1

Adoptive2

INKT1

Endothelial cells1

Viral3

Transcriptional1

Clinical outcomes1

Pathogenesis1

Bone marrow1

Interferon2