It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
The related terms therapeutic window or safety window refer to a range of doses optimized between efficacy and toxicity, achieving the greatest therapeutic benefit without resulting in unacceptable side-effects or toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
However, in recent years, there are large numbers of reports related to herbal toxicity and herb's effects on basic activities such as modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters and interference with bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of concomitantly administered therapeutic substances [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Because of its toxicity, colchicine suffers from a problem that is common to a number of drugs - a low therapeutic index, aka a narrow therapeutic window. (acsh.org)
An approach for deriving occupational exposure limits (OEL) for pharmaceutical compounds is the application of safety factors to the most appropriate pre-clinical toxicity endpoint or the lowest therapeutic dose (LTD) in humans. (cdc.gov)
Use of this methodology can be limited when there are inadequate pre-clinical toxicity data or lack of a well-defined therapeutic dose, and does not include pharmacokinetic considerations. (cdc.gov)
Dose8
A higher therapeutic index is preferable to a lower one: a patient would have to take a much higher dose of such a drug to reach the toxic threshold than the dose taken to elicit the therapeutic effect. (wikipedia.org)
This drug should be considered a narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drug as small differences in dose or blood concentrations may lead to serious therapeutic failures or adverse drug reactions. (drugs.com)
In a study of 13 pregnancies requiring therapeutic anti-coagulation, Barbour et al monitored the patients' peak (2-4 hours after dosing) and trough (pre-dose) levels of anti-Xa while on weight based dosing of LMWH. (medscape.com)
Bates et al cite "the absence of large studies using clinical end points that demonstrate an optimal therapeutic anti-Xa range or that dose adjustments increase the safety or efficacy of therapy, the lack of accuracy and reliability of the measurement, the lack of correlation with risk of bleeding or recurrence, and the cost of the assay" as reasons making routine monitoring of anti-Xa levels difficult to justify. (medscape.com)
Many institutions have a normogram available to assist in the initial dose and titration of heparin infusions to therapeutic aPTT. (medscape.com)
the maximum therapeutic dose of the drug is disturbingly close to the minimum lethal dose, making an overdose a real possibility. (acsh.org)
This methodology provides a bi- ologically based approach by taking into consideration the pharmacokinetics in humans and reported therapeutic or toxic blood concentrations to guide in the selection of the internal dose-metric. (cdc.gov)
FDAC) in 1938 or those that require dose selection on the basis of therapeutic blood concentrations. (cdc.gov)
Index13
Global Rx Drugstore: Amitriptyline narrow therapeutic index pills in stock! (albionfoundation.org)
Cranial nerves therapeutic narrow amitriptyline index are needed to replicate and continue to suffer significant morbidity and mortality. (albionfoundation.org)
Prognosis ninety percent index therapeutic narrow amitriptyline of females with an environmental trigger that initiates the coagulation cascade. (albionfoundation.org)
For animals in pre-clinical trials, Therapeutic Index = L D 50 E D 50 {\displaystyle {\text{Therapeutic Index}}=\mathrm {\frac {LD_{50}}{ED_{50}}} } For humans in clinical trials, Therapeutic Index = T D 50 E D 50 {\displaystyle {\text{Therapeutic Index}}=\mathrm {\frac {TD_{50}}{ED_{50}}} } For many drugs, severe toxicities in humans occur at sublethal doses, which limit their maximum dose. (wikipedia.org)
A high therapeutic index (TI) is preferable for a drug to have a favorable safety and efficacy profile. (wikipedia.org)
The therapeutic index varies widely among substances, even within a related group. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, the opioid painkiller remifentanil is very forgiving, offering a therapeutic index of 33,000:1, while Diazepam, a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant, has a less forgiving therapeutic index of 100:1. (wikipedia.org)
Morphine is even less so with a therapeutic index of 70. (wikipedia.org)
Narrow therapeutic index, consistent with inclusion in Schedule 4. (tga.gov.au)
The consequences will be more serious with substrates having narrow therapeutic index [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Larger deviations in the study could prove hazardous for medications with a "narrow therapeutic index. (healthyplace.com)
These data support the premise that HCN channels are valid targets for anti-depressive drugs albeit with a narrow therapeutic index. (frontiersin.org)
Overall, as far as the kidney is concerned, the effects of monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index. (who.int)
Pharmacokinetics1
The metabolic enzyme modulation also leads to incidences of altered bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic substrates. (hindawi.com)
Lithium3
TDM is recommended for use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders with lithium due to its narrow therapeutic range. (wikipedia.org)
Therapeutic intervention should focus on rehydration and the removal of lithium from the body. (neurology.org)
Some other drugs with a narrow therapeutic window include warfarin, lithium, digoxin, and phenobarbital. (acsh.org)
Doses2
Generally, a drug or other therapeutic agent with a narrow therapeutic range (i.e. having little difference between toxic and therapeutic doses) may have its dosage adjusted according to measurements of its blood levels in the person taking it. (wikipedia.org)
Methadone prolongs conduction of electrical signals in the heart which can lead to fatal cardiac dysrhythmias even at therapeutic doses. (atforum.com)
Diagnostic2
A transradial cardiac catheterization may be performed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. (medicinenet.com)
This article reviews the various diagnostic and therapeutic options available for onychomycosis with an emphasis on their roles in diabetic patients. (diabetesjournals.org)
Drugs4
Most drugs have a "therapeutic window" within which they help and outside of which they can impair the organ or system they target. (scienceblogs.com)
Drugs with higher HCN subtype selectivity are needed to establish if a wider therapeutic window can be obtained. (frontiersin.org)
Narrower spectrum antimicrobial drugs (e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin) could be used to adequately treat sick animals. (cdc.gov)
If resistance levels to narrower spectrum antimicrobial drugs are at high levels, does this finding not imply that major changes concerning antimicrobial drug use in food animals are needed? (cdc.gov)
Clinical1
We have established elsewhere that HPLC and LC/MS are routinely used in clinical diagnostics , for example, in the detection and monitoring of biomarkers for both non-communicable and infectious diseases, and in therapeutic drug monitoring.1 Many thousands of papers have been written on the development and use of HPLC- related assays and immunoassays such as ELISA in this area. (elgalabwater.com)
Concentrations2
Therapeutic ranges may not be properly defined, and symptoms of toxic serum concentrations may include increased frequency of seizures, as seen when AED concentrations are subtherapeutic. (bvsalud.org)
At therapeutic concentrations, valproic acid mediates prolonged recovery of voltage-activated Na+ channels, thereby inhibiting repetitive firing induced by depolarization of cortical and spinal cord neurons. (medscape.com)
Psychiatric disorders1
The GHQ-28 may be useful for screening for asthma patients who need more attention and therapeutic intervention for psychiatric disorders. (who.int)
Drug8
also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug. (wikipedia.org)
Cutting away even slightly more than half of the drug eliminates the medication's therapeutic ability, leaving the patient vulnerable to dangerous clots. (healthyplace.com)
Valproic acid is a broad-spectrum antiseizure drug with a narrow therapeutic window. (medscape.com)
Within the therapeutic ranges listed above, most patients experience therapeutic drug effects without excessive side effects. (medscape.com)
Monitoring of serial valproic acid levels is required to maintain the drug within the narrow recommended therapeutic range. (medscape.com)
Dosages of valproic acid must be adjusted carefully based on valproic acid blood levels until a steady drug concentration is ensured within the therapeutic range. (medscape.com)
Window3
It exhibits potent antitumor activity by activating tumor-infiltrating CD8 + and CD4 + T cells and has a better therapeutic window relative to recombinant human IL-2. (genengnews.com)
However, the window of therapeutic effectiveness is very narrow. (nih.gov)
In some people, the therapeutic window can be shifted or narrower, compared to others, based on genetic factors. (scienceblogs.com)
Horseback1
Bitterroot Therapeutic Riding offers therapeutic horseback riding for people of all ages and abilities. (horsetraildirectory.com)
Optimal1
Generally, the dosage is considered optimal if the valproic acid level is within the therapeutic range and the patient is receiving treatment benefits (eg, suppression of seizures or mood swings) without adverse effects. (medscape.com)
Riding6
Every purchase from great stores helps Cincinnati Therapeutic Riding and Horsemanship. (igive.com)
Fundraising for Cincinnati Therapeutic Riding and Horsemanship has never been easier. (igive.com)
iGive.com is the easy way to support Cincinnati Therapeutic Riding and Horsemanship. (igive.com)
Your everyday purchases Cincinnati Therapeutic Riding and Horsemanship mean serious donations! (igive.com)
Folks just like you have helped list over 35,000 causes and charities at iGive.com, including Cincinnati Therapeutic Riding and Horsemanship. (igive.com)
We gladly accept and and all therapeutic riding donations & volunteers, as we're a non-profit organization. (horsetraildirectory.com)
Strategies2
Therefore, there remains an unmet need for efficacious, on-target therapeutic strategies for patients with treatment-resistant depression. (frontiersin.org)
The therapeutic use of bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria, is well suited to be part of the multidimensional strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
Substances1
Less safe are cocaine (a stimulant and local anaesthetic) and ethanol (colloquially, the "alcohol" in alcoholic beverages, a widely available sedative consumed worldwide): the therapeutic indices for these substances are 15:1 and 10:1, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Humans1
4 ). Thus, continuation of fluoroquinolone use for these therapeutic purposes will allow the consequent development of resistant bacteria in humans, which will include resistant strains of Campylobacter , E. coli , and Salmonella . (cdc.gov)
Considerations1
Although the pathogenesis of HIV infection and the general virologic and immunologic principles underlying the use of antiretroviral therapy are similar for all HIV-infected persons, unique therapeutic and management considerations apply to HIV-infected children. (cdc.gov)
Results2
Intimal hyperplasia is induced by therapeutic vascular interventions and often results in clinically important narrowing of the vascular lumen. (jci.org)
Even within the recommended therapeutic range, however, results vary between individual patients and some may experience adverse effects at the low end of the spectrum. (medscape.com)
Effect3
Some are developing bispecific antibodies that can influence multiple and complementary immune pathways for greater therapeutic effect. (genengnews.com)
Both light and tryptophan have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. (greenmedinfo.com)
For patients, greater than 150 kg, UFH maybe preferred or else closer monitoring of anti-Xa levels should be performed to ensure therapeutic effect. (medscape.com)
Bacteria1
Contamination of stream and tank water with en- of resistant pathogens should inform standard treatment teric bacteria, including Salmonella Typhi, is documented guidelines that are developed in the Pacific region. (who.int)
Range4
They found that 85% of patients required dosing adjustments to maintain peak anti-Xa levels in therapeutic range, and noted that trough values were therapeutic only 9% of the time. (medscape.com)
The therapeutic range for valproic acid (total) is 50-125 µg/mL. (medscape.com)
The therapeutic range for valproic acid (free) is 6-22 µg/mL. (medscape.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Both ICCs and DEFF were relatively small for both non-pregnant women and preschool children and fall in a narrow range. (cdc.gov)
People4
The therapeutic gospel gives people what they want. (ccef.org)
While finding the right shoe size seems like such a simple task for many, people with wide and narrow feet may not have it easy. (differencebetween.net)
Usually, people with narrow feet find that the feet leave extra space on the sides of shoes. (differencebetween.net)
To help take up extra space, people with narrow feet have the option of buying insoles that fit the outside of the foot width. (differencebetween.net)
Blood1
But if you have too much in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients1
Elevation of intraocular pressure may be produced by the administration of anticholinergic agents such as Buscopan in patients with undiagnosed and therefore untreated narrow angle glaucoma. (janusinfo.se)
Purposes1
Bayer claims that "Baytril is used for therapeutic purposes only. (cdc.gov)
Recommendations1
General recommendations and organism-specific therapeutic regimens for osteomyelitis (as shown in the radiograph below) are provided. (medscape.com)
Difficult1
It forfeits the narrow, difficult road that brings deep human flourishing and eternal joy. (ccef.org)
Support1
The Therapeutic Goods Regulations were amended in July 2021 to support the timely availability of new COVID-19 vaccines and treatments. (tga.gov.au)
Lead1
Biopharmaceutical dealmakers are narrowing in on therapeutic areas as company's look to lead specific markets or gain a technical advantage. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
Important1
Phages replicate through two primary life cycles, the dynamics of which have important implications for their therapeutic application. (asm.org)
Major1
Provisional determination applications for COVID-19 vaccines or treatments are not required to demonstrate comparison to other medicines that are registered in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG), or justification of a major therapeutic advance (criteria 3 and 4). (tga.gov.au)
Modify1
You can narrow the list down by selecting the appropriate state & city for the cause you are looking for below or you can modify the cause name you specified. (igive.com)
Target1
Each of these components is a key therapeutic target. (medscape.com)