NarcoticsAnalgesicsNalorphineLevallorphanAnalgesics, OpioidMeperidinePentazocineDextropropoxypheneLevorphanolAlphaprodineMorphineCongenital AbnormalitiesMorphinansCyclazocinePapaverFentanylDrug and Narcotic ControlAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticMethadoneIsonipecotic AcidsPainNaloxoneAnalgesiaNarcotic AntagonistsPain, PostoperativePain MeasurementBirth WeightAbnormalities, Drug-InducedInfant, NewbornOpiumCodeinePregnancyOxymorphoneLegislation, DrugOpioid-Related DisordersTramadolDrug TolerancePremature BirthOxycodoneNeural Tube DefectsAcetaminophenCleft PalateHydrocodoneCleft LipPhenacetinHeroinBirth CertificatesPreanesthetic MedicationPain ManagementInfant, Low Birth WeightHydromorphonePain, IntractableReceptors, Opioid, muBirth RateAnesthetics, LocalAnencephalyBupivacaineHeart Defects, CongenitalReceptors, OpioidMaternal ExposureAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalButorphanolAnalgesia, Patient-ControlledAlfentanilSubstance-Related DisordersSpasmMorphine DerivativesTeratogensBuprenorphineDose-Response Relationship, DrugPain ThresholdTime FactorsHypospadiasMusculoskeletal AbnormalitiesInert Gas NarcosisSpinal DysraphismMethotrimeprazineNitrous OxideDouble-Blind MethodEndorphinsUnited StatesMorphine DependenceAlcoholics AnonymousRetrospective StudiesMaternal AgeRisk FactorsMitragynaAnesthesiaGastroschisisNaltrexoneDipyronePregnancy OutcomeHyperalgesiaHypnotics and SedativesInjections, SpinalNerve BlockLimb Deformities, CongenitalDrug OverdoseTreatment OutcomeKetones