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NaegleriaAcanthamoebaNaegleria fowleriAcanthamoeba KeratitisAmoebaAmebiasisAcanthamoeba castellaniiCentral Nervous System Protozoal InfectionsMeningoencephalitisAmebicidesContact LensesTrophozoitesEukaryotaDNA, ProtozoanHartmannellaSwimming PoolsContact Lens SolutionsRNA, Ribosomal, 18SProtozoan InfectionsProtozoan ProteinsMimiviridaeWater MicrobiologyBiguanidesAntiprotozoal AgentsWater PollutionFlagellaKeratitisRNA, ProtozoanFresh WaterContact Lenses, Hydrophilic
FowleriBalamuthiaAmoebaeKeratitisSpeciesPathogenicCystsCastellaniiGenusInfectionMandrillarisParasitesMolecularThermophilicUbiquitousAmoebicLaboratoryImmunocompetentOnsetLakesDiagnosisAffectsSymptomsSwimming poolsGeneraGenotypeFree-livingPathogenicParasitologySymptomsConcentrationsAntibodiesChlorineSoilParasiteBacteriaChlorhexidineTreatmentWaterContact lens
Fowleri39
Balamuthia8
Amoebae8
  • Brain-eating amoebae ( Acanthamoeba spp. (springer.com)
  • Acanthamoeba is a group of amoebae unrelated to Naegleria, but also free-living. (awqc.com.au)
  • Photomicrograph depicting some of the histopathologic changes associated with an infection found in a brain tissue specimen due to the presence of free-living amoebae of the genus, Naegleria. (cdc.gov)
  • Notable exceptions include various species of Vibrio and Legionella bacteria and protozoan parasites such as the free-living amoebae Naegleria and Acanthamoeba . (nationalacademies.org)
  • The results of these studies demonstrate the utility of phenotypic screens for discovery of new drugs for pathogenic free-living amoebae, including Acanthamoeba for the first time. (uga.edu)
  • Microscopic examination of many of the amoebae show morphology characteristic of Naegleria sp. (washburn.edu)
  • Genetic detection of thermotolerant amoebae using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) will be done to understand how Naegleria from Kansas differ from those isolated elsewhere (4). (washburn.edu)
  • Molecular Identification of Free-Living Amoebae (Naegleria spp. (ac.ir)
Keratitis18
Species14
  • Although the number of B. mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba species infections treated with a miltefosine-containing regimen is small, it appears that a miltefosine-containing treatment regimen does offer a survival advantage for patients with these often fatal infections ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This study reports the detection of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria species in 14 swimming pools around Petaling Jaya and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (um.edu.my)
  • Acanthamoeba species were detected in higher number of culture plates from all sampling sites of all the swimming pools. (um.edu.my)
  • While at 44 degrees C, only Acanthamoeba species could survive thus showing that our swimming pools are free from potentially pathogenic Naegleria species. (um.edu.my)
  • The dormant stage (cyst) is highly resistant to desiccation in most species, making Acanthamoeba the most common protozoa in soil. (awqc.com.au)
  • Identification of Acanthamoeba species is more specialised. (awqc.com.au)
  • Some species (e.g. some members of the genus Acanthamoeba) form cysts during unfavorable conditions. (microscopemaster.com)
  • Naegleria species (E.g. (microscopemaster.com)
  • Acanthamoeba species (e.g. (microscopemaster.com)
  • The genus Acanthamoeba includes several species of opportunistic free-living amebae that might invade the brain through the blood, probably from a primary infection in the skin (from ulcers or dermatitis) or sinuses. (cdc.gov)
  • Several species of Acanthamoeba are associated with infection (i.e. (cdc.gov)
  • Due to the lack of thorough research regarding species of Naegleria spp. (ac.ir)
  • To identify the pathogenic isolates, species-specific primer sets were applied for molecular identification of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and Vermamoeba. (qxmd.com)
  • The pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba lenticulata and A. triangularis were detected from untreated water samples, while Vermamoeba vermiformis was found in both treated and untreated water samples. (qxmd.com)
Pathogenic2
  • Pathogenic and opportunistic free‐living amo-ebae: Acanthamoeba spp. (ac.ir)
  • Memari F, Niyyati M, Haghighi A, Tabaei SJS, Lasjerdi Z. Occurrence of pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotypes in nasal swabs of cancer patients in Iran. (ac.ir)
Cysts5
  • This suggested that the thick double-walled cysts of Acanthamoeba were more resistant, thus remaining viable in the dry-hot areas of the platforms and in chlorinated water of the swimming pools whereas Naegleria cysts, that are fragile and susceptible to desiccation, preferred watery or moist areas for growth and proliferation. (um.edu.my)
  • Other factors such as human activities, the circulating system which was fixed at all swimming pools, blowing wind which might carry the cysts from surroundings and the swimming flagellate stage of Naegleria, could also contribute to the distribution of the FLA at these sampling sites. (um.edu.my)
  • B) Immunohistochemical staining with antibody to Acanthamoeba cysts within vessel walls (magnification ×250). (cdc.gov)
  • A clinically compatible illness with positive identification of Acanthamoeba trophozoites or cysts using confocal microscopy. (cdc.gov)
  • Amebas of the genus Acanthamoeba live as cysts and trophozoites in soil and in water. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Castellanii4
  • Hurt M, Niederkorn J, Alizadeh H. Effects of mannose on Acanthamoeba castellanii proliferation and cytolytic ability to corneal epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Mannose induces the release of cytopathic factors from Acanthamoeba castellanii . (cdc.gov)
  • The amoebicidal and amoebistatic action in vitro of 24 compounds was tested on two strains of Acanthamoeba, A. polyphaga and A. castellanii, isolated from eye infections in this country. (bmj.com)
  • For comparison, the Ryan strain of A. castellanii and Naegleria gruberi L-1 were also examined. (bmj.com)
Genus1
  • The evolutionary history of the genus Acanthamoeba and the identification of eight new 18S rRNA gene sequence types. (cdc.gov)
Infection4
  • Miltefosine has not been used successfully to treat a Naegleria infection, but the length of time it has taken to import miltefosine from abroad has made timely treatment of fulminant Naegleria infections difficult. (cdc.gov)
  • A negative test on CSF does not rule out Acanthamoeba infection because the organism is not commonly present in the CSF. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, Naegleria infection is found both in tropical and temperate climates. (diabeteshealthmatters.com)
  • The encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba is a chronic, focal, necrotizing infection characterized by granuloma formation (granulomatous encephalitis). (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Mandrillaris2
  • For B. mandrillaris , the optimal concentration was determined at 0.4 μg per mL for graphene oxide, copper oxide and alumina nanoparticles, and for Naegleria , the optimal concentration was 0.04, 4.0 and 0.04 μg per mL respectively. (springer.com)
  • Acanthamoeba and B. mandrillaris can cause clinically similar illnesses and might be difficult to differentiate using commonly available laboratory procedures. (cdc.gov)
Parasites2
  • Additional information available at http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/naegleria . (cdc.gov)
  • Additional information available at http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/acanthamoeba . (cdc.gov)
Molecular1
Thermophilic1
Ubiquitous1
  • Acanthamoeba organisms are ubiquitous in nature and can be found in bodies of water (e.g., lakes and oceans), soil, and air. (cdc.gov)
Amoebic1
  • 6) By contrast, the rapidly fatal primary amoebic encephalitis associated with Naegleria is associated with exposure to freshwater lakes and swimming or water skiing with entry through the olfactory neuroepithelium. (askjpc.org)
Laboratory1
Immunocompetent1
  • Acanthamoeba GAE affects both immunocompetent persons and persons who are immunosuppressed from a variety of causes (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Onset1
  • Acanthamoeba GAE has a slow and insidious onset and develops into a subacute or chronic disease lasting several weeks to months. (cdc.gov)
Lakes1
  • Where the water temperature is cool, Naegleria may be found in the sediment at the bottom of lakes or in localized areas where warmer water is discharged into lakes. (diabeteshealthmatters.com)
Diagnosis1
  • For Naegleria infections, amphotericin B, miconazole, and rifampin are effective if given early in the disease, but diagnosis of this rare disease is often delayed, and few patients survive. (mhmedical.com)
Affects1
  • Khan NA, Siddiqui R (2009) Acanthamoeba affects the integrity of human brain microvascular endothelial cells and degrades the tight junction proteins. (springer.com)
Symptoms1
  • Initial symptoms of Acanthamoeba GAE might include headache, photophobia, and stiff neck accompanied by positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs. (cdc.gov)
Swimming pools1
Genera1
  • Free-living amebas of the genera Acanthamoeba and Naegleria: an overview and basic microbiologic correlates. (nih.gov)
Genotype4
  • According to sequence analysis, Acanthamoeba isolates related to the T4 genotype and Vahlkampfiidae sequences were similar to Naegleria philippinensis . (iwaponline.com)
  • Our data showed the presence of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba T4 genotype and N. philippinensis in the super harsh Qom Roud. (iwaponline.com)
  • Contamination of water with virulent T4 genotype of Acanthamoeba may pose risk factors for contact lens users, children, and immunocompromised people. (iwaponline.com)
  • An Acanthamoeba -specific PCR ( 1 ) and DNA sequencing of the PCR product showed Acanthamoeba genotype T2 (corresponding to group III). (cdc.gov)
Free-living1
  • Acanthamoeba is a microscopic, free-living amoeba that can cause rare, but severe infections of the eye, skin, and central nervous system. (libsyn.com)
Pathogenic2
Parasitology1
  • Joining me to talk about Acanthamoeba is Parasitology teacher and author of Parasites: Tales of Humanity's Most Unwelcome Guests, Rosemary Drisdelle. (libsyn.com)
Symptoms1
  • Initial symptoms of Acanthamoeba GAE might include headache, photophobia, and stiff neck accompanied by positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations1
Antibodies1
  • In human populations, anti- Acanthamoeba antibodies are present in up to 100% of people in healthy populations in New Zealand and in more than 85% of individuals of London who came from different countries. (askjpc.org)
Chlorine1
Soil1
  • Acanthamoeba is ubiquitously present in the environment and has been isolated from diverse sources including sea water, beaches, pond water, soil, fresh water lakes, and even from the air. (askjpc.org)
Parasite1
Bacteria1
  • Described as "Trojan horses" as they can harbor intracellular bacteria, referred to as endosymbionts, which benefit by increased survival or enhanced pathogenicity from interacting with Acanthamoeba . (hopkinsguides.com)
Chlorhexidine1
  • o Current treatments against Acanthamoeba include association of a biguanide (PHMB or chlorhexidine) with a diamidine (hexamidine or propamidine). (infectiouscongress.com)
Treatment5
  • Successful Treatment of Disseminated Acanthamoeba sp. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to a standard tuberculostatic 5-drug regimen including intravenous streptomycin, empiric anti-amoebic treatment based on data retrieved from the few case reports of successful treatment of systemic Acanthamoeba infections ( 3 - 5 ) was initiated. (cdc.gov)
  • Summarize the treatment of Naegleria. (statpearls.com)
  • 0.05), which proves and provides insight into the idea of guanidino compounds have similar and yet effective treatment against Acanthamoeba . (infectiouscongress.com)
  • PHMB, a long standing treatment against Acanthamoeba , has painful side effects in patients. (infectiouscongress.com)
Water1
Contact lens2
  • Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nine different commercially available contact lens solutions in the Egyptian market against Acanthamoeba spp. (eg.net)
  • Conclusion Adjustment of the appropriate concentration of the disinfectant, the adequate exposure time, or even the development of new contact lens-disinfecting systems by manufacturers is needed to prevent Acanthamoeba spp. (eg.net)