Myxoma virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

In the 1950s, Australian officials infected rabbits with a virus, hoping that it would kill off the invasive species. (isemph.org)
Myxoma virus is a poxvirus that is able to infect both South American and European rabbits. (isemph.org)
South American rabbits (Tapetis) are commonly infected by the Myxoma virus in the wild. (isemph.org)
In short, the virus is much more virulent in European rabbits than in South American Tapetis. (isemph.org)
Upon making this discovery, scientists decided to infect wild European rabbits in Australia with the virus. (isemph.org)
In fact, 99% of rabbits that became infected with the virus in the year after it was released died within a few weeks of becoming infected. (isemph.org)
Any genetic variants in these rabbits that that had contributed to their ability to survive the virus became more common over time. (isemph.org)
Just as their coexistence with the Myxoma virus drove evolution in the rabbit population, coexistence with rabbits led to evolution the Myxoma virus. (isemph.org)
This coevolution between Australian rabbits and the Myxoma virus has not been simple, though. (isemph.org)
This type of trade-off plays an important role in the coevolutionary history between Myxoma virus and rabbits in Australia. (isemph.org)
The Myxoma virus is transmitted by mosquitos, making the likelihood of transmission dependent on how often mosquitos bite infected rabbits. (isemph.org)
Unfortunately for the virus, mosquitos don't bite dead rabbits, and the quick deaths caused by the virus limited its ability to transmit. (isemph.org)
Myxoma virus is the causative agent of myxomatosis in rabbits. (laboklin.com)
However, co-evolution of the virus and the rabbits has led to weakened virus strains and virus-resistant rabbits. (laboklin.com)
Myxoma virus (MYXV) has been evolving in a novel host species-European rabbits-in Australia since 1950. (psu.edu)
IMPORTANCE The coevolution of myxoma virus (MYXV) and European rabbits in Australia is one of the most important natural experiments in evolutionary biology, providing insights into virus adaptation to new hosts and the evolution of virulence. (psu.edu)
We suggest that this punctuated evolutionary event may reflect a change in selection pressures as rabbit numbers declined following the introduction of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and drought in the geographic regions inhabited by rabbits. (psu.edu)
Two myxoma virus-rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) recombinant viruses were constructed with the SG33 strain of myxoma virus to protect rabbits against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease. (univ-toulouse.fr)
Both recombinant viruses induced high levels of RHDV- and myxoma virus-specific antibodies in rabbits after immunization. (univ-toulouse.fr)
Myxoma virus was used in Australia in the 1950s as a pest control to try and eradicate feral European rabbits. (cdc.gov)
Myxoma virus, a member of the poxvirus family, causes lethal infection only in rabbits, but the mechanism underlying the strict myxoma virus species barrier is not known. (elsevierpure.com)
Because of this difference in sensitivity, myxoma virus was used to infect rabbits to test that efficacy of phosphonoacetic acid in the treatment of a systemic viral disease. (curehunter.com)
Despite the construction of rabbit-proof fences, the deliberate introduction of the myxoma virus and other measures, rabbits remain one of the major invasive species in Australia threatening native flora and fauna and costing the agricultural sector an estimated $200 million per year. (scienceblog.com)
This disease causes swellings of the skin, which grow as the virus spreads through the bloodstream causing secondary swellings, above all on the head and eyelashes, as well as a characteristic milky discharge from the eyes that occurs in rabbits of all ages. (iberconejo.eu)

161 Myxoma virus is also capable of producing tumor necrosis factor receptor mimics to reduce the host's natural response to TNF. (wikipedia.org)
Cardiac myxomas elicit a wide variety of symptoms in patients, largely depending on the size and location of the tumor. (medscape.com)
The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Numerous tumor cell lines were infected with ten non-vaccinia poxviruses to identify which virus displayed the most potential as an oncolytic agent. (oncotarget.com)
Cell viability indicated that tumor cell lines were differentially susceptible to each virus. (oncotarget.com)
Raccoonpox virus was the most potent of the tested poxviruses and was highly effective in controlling cell growth in all tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
This TK-deleted Raccoonpox virus was notably attenuated in normal primary cells but replicated efficiently in numerous tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
In human colon cancer xenograft model, a single intratumoral inoculation of the recombinant Raccoonpox virus, in combination with 5-fluorocytosine administration, produced relevant tumor growth control. (oncotarget.com)

With Professor Frank Fenner of the Australian National University, he conducted field-studies to test the introduction of the myxoma virus. (edu.au)

Myxoma virus is a poxvirus in the genus Leporipoxvirus. (wikipedia.org)
It is a large, enveloped DNA virus and belongs to the genus Leporipoxvirus (family: Poxviridae). (laboklin.com)
Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a member of the genus Leporipoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. (cabi.org)

Brianne returns to the TWiV Gang to discuss the distribution of proteins on the influenza viral genome, and the evolution of myxoma virus that was released in Australia to control the rabbit population. (virology.ws)

According to Rabbit.org , "Myxomatosis is a virus. (heavy.com)

Californian myxoma virus is particularly virulent, causing 100% mortality. (wikipedia.org)
Upon its initial release, the Myxoma virus was extremely virulent. (isemph.org)
ongoing selection for less virulent viruses that were better at transmitting between hosts also contributed to a drop in case fatality rates. (isemph.org)
Inoculations by the intradermal route protected animals against virulent RHDV and myxoma virus challenges. (univ-toulouse.fr)
In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (imperial.ac.uk)

Avian poxvirus is a large, enveloped DNA virus ranging from 260 to 309 kilobase pairs long with a G+C content of 35% and molecular weight of 185±5 x. (cabi.org)
Thus, the Erk-interferon-STAT1 signaling cascade elicited by myxoma virus in nonpermissive primary mouse embryo fibroblasts mediates an innate cellular barrier to poxvirus infection. (elsevierpure.com)
Vaccinia virus is a prototypical poxvirus successfully used for smallpox eradication. (mskcc.org)
DNA viruses such as herpesvirus and poxvirus have multiple genes, some of them host-derived, which interfere with effective innate or acquired immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)

157 Most rabbit and hare hosts are susceptible to the virus, which means the virus can effectively evade the host immunity, but susceptibility is not the primary indicator for symptomatic infection or pathology. (wikipedia.org)
After an incubation time of 4 to 10 days, an infection with myxoma virus causes an acute systemic disease with severe conjunctivitis and hypodermal oedema (especially in the facial and the anogenital region). (laboklin.com)
A study by Li et al reported finding evidence for HSV-1 infection in 70% of a relatively small cohort (n=17) of surgically resected sporadic cardiac myxomas. (medscape.com)
Here we show that myxoma virus infection of primary mouse embryo fibroblasts elicited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signaling, which was integrated to interferon regulatory factor 3 activation and type I interferon induction. (elsevierpure.com)
Moreover, STAT1 deficiency rendered mice highly susceptible to lethal myxoma virus infection. (elsevierpure.com)
In vitro , when comparing direct infection of K7M2-luc cancer cells with free MYXV vs. PBMC-loaded virus , vMyx-mLIGHT/PBMCs also demonstrated greater cytotoxic capacity against the K7M2 cancer cell targets. (bvsalud.org)
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein is essential for type I interferon-mediated immunity to RNA virus infection. (umassmed.edu)
Oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment utilizes naturally occurring or engineered viruses for selective infection and cancer cell death without any adverse effect on normal cells. (oncotarget.com)
We are trying to improve myxoma virus's ability for infection, replication and killing different types of human cancer cells," Masmudur said. (thescitech.com)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)

In addition, myxoma virus uses the Serp-2 viral gene to inhibit a variety of other caspases. (wikipedia.org)
When considering natural selection in viruses, two aspects of the viral lifecycle are particularly important. (isemph.org)
However, viruses have evolved a number of proteins that function to modulate the apoptotic cascades and thereby favor productive viral replication. (elsevierpure.com)
The structure provides important insight into how myxoma virus and other poxviruses facilitate viral dissemination by inhibiting mitochondrial dependent apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
Since then, we have been focusing on identifying viral inhibitors of the cGAS/STING pathway through biochemical studies, as well as the generation and characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses or MVA lacking viral inhibitors. (mskcc.org)
His work on the pathogenesis of ectromelia virus (that is, mousepox virus) was the first modern viral pathogenesis study ever done. (cdc.gov)
These two terms describe two different ways that viral nucleic acids and proteins are arranged in virus particles. (virology.ws)
Like several other DDXs, most notably DDX3, it acts as a viral RNA sensor and contributes to immunity via type I interferon induction, but it is also hijacked by some viruses to enable their propagation. (bellbrooklabs.com)
4 On the other hand, DDX5 binds the SARS-CoV helicase to enhance viral proliferation, facilitates HIV-1 mRNA export, and enhances influenza virus polymerase activity. (bellbrooklabs.com)
One challenge in advancing such research is the fact that certain cancers, known for their many-faceted efforts to resist effective therapy, can outwit myxoma virus by using an anti-viral cellular component called RNA helicase A/DHX9. (thescitech.com)
It does this by forming anti-viral granules in the cancer cell's cytoplasm, inhibiting the myxoma virus's ability to replicate. (thescitech.com)

Schematic comparison of SG33 nucleic acid similarities with Lausanne and California MSD/MSW myxoma virus (MYXV) strains. (cdc.gov)
Previous studies of viruses sampled from 1950 to 1999 revealed a remarkably clock-like evolutionary process across all Australian lineages of MYXV. (psu.edu)
It is therefore possible that a rapidly changing environment for virus transmission changed the selection pressures faced by MYXV, altering the course and pace of virus evolution. (psu.edu)
Previous studies of MYXV evolution have also shown that the virus evolves both relatively rapidly and in a strongly clock-like manner. (psu.edu)
Using newly acquired MYXV genome sequences from Australia, we show that the virus has experienced a dramatic change in evolutionary behavior over the last 20 years, with a breakdown in clock-like structure, the appearance of a rapidly evolving virus lineage, and the accumulation of multiple nonsynonymous and indel mutations. (psu.edu)
Using an immunocompetent murine K7M2-luc lung metastases model, the efficacy of MYXV armed with murine LIGHT (TNFSF14/CD258) expressed under virus -specific early/late promoter was tested in an advanced later-stage disease K7M2-luc model. (bvsalud.org)

After a primary virus replication in the mucous membranes of the head, the regional lymph nodes become infected. (laboklin.com)
Detectable myxoma virus replication was inhibited at a drug concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. (curehunter.com)
Fibroma virus replication was inhibited at a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml. (curehunter.com)
The encoded protein is induced by type I and type II interferons and antagonizes the replication process of several different RNA and DNA viruses. (thermofisher.com)
It can also be hijacked by some viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, to enable their replication. (bellbrooklabs.com)
For example, DDX5 inhibits myxoma virus replication, represses hepatitis B virus (HBV) minichromosomal function, and enables STAT1 signaling/the IFN innate immune response in HBV-infected cells. (bellbrooklabs.com)
We are doing it by identifying and targeting the cellular proteins that restrict myxoma virus replication in human cancer cells. (thescitech.com)

citation needed] In 1993, the Australian government approved a modification of myxoma virus that would introduce genetic code into rabbit sperm and egg proteins. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The myxoma virus has become of interest in human medicine because some of its proteins have strong immunosuppressive effects, and several of its virus-encoded immunomodulators are being developed to treat systemic inflammatory syndromes in people such as cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
We compared local spinal cord or intraperitoneal infusion of two Myxoma virus derived immune modulating proteins, Serp-1 and M-T7, with dexamethasone (DEX). (mcmaster.ca)
One such antiapoptotic protein, myxoma virus M11L, has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by binding to and blocking the two executioner proteins Bak and Bax. (elsevierpure.com)
RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)

In their native hosts, the viruses cause the formation of benign cutaneous fibromas rather than systemic disease. (wikipedia.org)

The virus is able to get into the cells of many different species, though, including human, mouse, and monkey, which is generally useless if it is unable to replicate and avoid the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
The virus is very host-specific: The European rabbit and domestic rabbit breeds descending from it are most susceptible, but American rabbit species and European hare species can be infected as well. (laboklin.com)
The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)

Full genome analysis of Australian infectious bronchitis viruses suggests frequent recombination events between vaccine strains and multiple phylogenetically distant avian coronaviruses of unknown origin. (cdc.gov)

Although mural thrombi tend to occur in individuals with underlying heart disease and in many locations within the heart (eg, atrial appendages, atria, and ventricles), myxomas arise with astonishing consistency in 1 location: primarily adjacent to the fossa ovalis. (medscape.com)

The avian poxviruses (genus Avipoxvirus) constitute a group of viruses in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae (ICTV, 2009). (cabi.org)
Poxviruses are large cytoplasmic DNA viruses that cause significant human and veterinary diseases. (mskcc.org)

For example, our lab has previously shown that tumors derived from malignant cells incapable of expressing PDL1 are highly susceptible to immunotherapy induced by oncolytic virus treatment while tumors derived from PDL1 capable cells are highly resistant. (bmj.com)
In new research, Rahman Masmudur and his colleagues describe a method for improving the effectiveness of a powerful oncolytic virus known as myxoma virus. (thescitech.com)

A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent. (curehunter.com)

The most well known member of the genus is variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. (cdc.gov)

Thus, the severity of clinical symptoms strongly depends on the virulence of the present virus strain and the susceptibility of the host. (laboklin.com)
The branch leading to the rapidly evolving lineage contained a relatively high number of nonsynonymous substitutions, and viruses in this lineage reversed a mutation found in the progenitor standard laboratory strain (SLS) and all previous sequences that disrupts the reading frame of the M005L/R gene. (psu.edu)
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), an attenuated vaccinia strain, is a safe and effective vaccine vector against various infectious agents and cancers. (mskcc.org)

Although numerous theories have been posited regarding the etiology of cardiac myxomas, the precise histogenesis of these tumors remains to be determined. (medscape.com)
Individuals with cardiac myxomas can present at any point along the clinical continuum, ranging from complete absence of symptoms (particularly with tumors less than 40 mm in size) to sudden death, usually owing to acute obstruction or embolization. (medscape.com)

These recombinant viruses expressed the RHDV capsid protein (VP60). (univ-toulouse.fr)
Genetic and Epidemiologic Trends of Norovirus Outbreaks in the US Demonstrated Emergence of Novel GII.4 Recombinant Viruses, 2013-2016. (cdc.gov)

Within each experimental group, some individuals experienced more severe disease than others but line 15I birds experienced milder disease based on average clinical scores, percentage of birds with gross pathology, average bursal lesion scores and average peak bursal virus titre. (imperial.ac.uk)

Wikimedia/CSIRO In the early 1930s Dame Jean Macnamara (and others) called for the importation of the myxoma virus to control Australia's rabbit population. (heavy.com)
'Australia's biocontrol programs using Myxoma virus in 1950 and the Rabbit Calicivirus in 1995 have been extremely successful in drastically reducing pest rabbit numbers in Australia' for support? (metafilter.com)

Due to the high mortality rate caused by the disease, the virus was introduced into rabbit populations in Europe, Chile and Australia around 1950 for population control. (laboklin.com)

Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS . (lookformedical.com)
Vaccinia virus, a member of the Poxviridae family, has been extensively used as an oncolytic agent and has entered late stage clinical development. (oncotarget.com)
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is one of the best studied representative of the Orthopoxvirus genus. (oncotarget.com)

Virus efficient in killing rabbit, transferred from one to the other, so biological control. (brainscape.com)
Biological control, myxoma virus. (brainscape.com)
The fifties saw the introduction of the biological control agent, myxoma virus. (markedbyteachers.com)
Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)

We further show that Erk inactivation or disruption of interferon signaling mediated by the transcription factor STAT1 broke the cellular blockade to myxoma virus multiplication. (elsevierpure.com)
An interferon regulatory factor that is induced by INTERFERONS as well as LMP-1 protein from EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS. (umassmed.edu)

Although genetic factors (see Molecular/Genetics ) clearly play a role in myxoma syndromes, they do not appear to offer a consistent explanation in sporadic cases. (medscape.com)

Remarkably, myxoma virus has more recently been shown to display an insatiable appetite for cancer cells, attacking and killing them. (thescitech.com)

The viruses in this genus are listed by the World Organizations for Animal Health (OIE: Office International des Epizooties) as important animal diseases that require notification. (cdc.gov)
Swinepox virus is the sole member of the Suipoxvirus genus. (cdc.gov)
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)

In an attempt to increase that number, a second virus (rabbit calicivirus) was introduced into the rabbit population in 1996 . (fact-index.com)

A distinction must be made between susceptibility and permissibility, in which only the latter must be true before the virus is able to replicate in the cell and cause pathologies. (wikipedia.org)

Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)

When the scientists released Myxoma virus into the rabbit population they introduced a new selective pressure to the rabbit population, driving the evolution of resistance in the rabbit population. (isemph.org)
In Australia, the virus was first field-tested for population control in 1938 . (fact-index.com)
Population never seen virus. (brainscape.com)

Transmission of leporipoxviruses is primarily through the mosquito although other biting insects such as fleas may also transmit virus. (cdc.gov)

To investigate further the oncolytic capacity of the Raccoonpox virus, we have generated a thymidine kinase (TK)-deleted recombinant Raccoonpox virus expressing the suicide gene FCU1 . (oncotarget.com)
The results demonstrated significant antitumoral activity of this new modified Raccoonpox virus armed with FCU1 and this virus could be considered to be included into the growing armamentarium of oncolytic virotherapy for cancer. (oncotarget.com)

Myxoma virus has multiple methods that it uses to evade the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Immunoevasion is a common ploy by which viruses neutralize or evade immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity. (lookformedical.com)

All the avipoxviruses show identical morphology, with the mature virus being brick-shaped and measuring approximately 250x350 nm. (cabi.org)

Immunosuppression can be caused by pathogens such as chicken infectious anemia virus, infectious bursal disease virus, reovirus, and some retroviruses (e.g., reticuloendotheliosis virus). (imperial.ac.uk)

furthermore, nonsyndromic cardiac myxomas occur more commonly in women than in men. (medscape.com)
Cardiac myxomas arising as part of the Carney complex occur somewhat less commonly in the left atrium (62%) and are often multicentric, occasionally involving multiple chambers. (medscape.com)

Anatomy2

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Diseases11

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Phenomena and Processes5

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19501

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