Myosin type v. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here we show that intact nonmuscle myosin filaments are required for the synthesis of heterotrimeric type I collagen. (fsu.edu)
LARP6 interacts with nonmuscle myosin through its C-terminal domain and associates collagen mRNAs with the filaments. (fsu.edu)
Dissociation of nonmuscle myosin filaments results in secretion of collagen alpha1(I) homotrimer, diminished intracellular colocalization of collagen alpha1(I) and alpha2(I) polypeptides (required for folding of the heterotrimer), and their increased intracellular degradation. (fsu.edu)
Inhibition of the motor function of myosin has similar collagen-specific effects, while disruption of actin filaments has a general effect on protein secretion. (fsu.edu)
These results indicate that association of collagen mRNAs with nonmuscle myosin filaments is necessary to coordinately synthesize collagen alpha1(I) and alpha2(I) polypeptides. (fsu.edu)
The rational for the different myosin fragments lies in the different biochemical properties: Full-length myosin forms filaments, sediments at high speed and can be used in the in vitro motility assay. (elifesciences.org)
Soluble HMM fragments were used in this assay since myosin filaments sediment under the assay conditions. (elifesciences.org)
Mutations in the MYH7 gene lead to the production of an altered cardiac β-myosin heavy chain protein, which is thought to be less able to form thick filaments. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers believe that myosins use long filaments of actin as tracks along which to transport other molecules. (medlineplus.gov)
Myosin is a major component of thick filaments and exists as a hexamer of 2 heavy chains [ ( PUBMED:1939027 ) ], 2 alkali light chains, and 2 regulatory light chains. (embl.de)
BACKGROUND: Myosins are motors that use energy supplied by ATP to travel along actin filaments. (embl.de)
The sarcomeres contain a number of proteins, including alpha actinin, which is the major constituent of the Z band, and actin and myosin, which are the major components of the thin and thick filaments, respectively. (medscape.com)

Mutations in the gene for cardiac myosin-binding protein C account for approximately 15 percent of cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (nih.gov)
DNA sequences encoding cardiac myosin-binding protein C were determined in unrelated patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (nih.gov)
The genotypes of these family members were determined, and the clinical status of 212 family members with mutations in the gene for cardiac myosin-binding protein C was assessed. (nih.gov)
eight defects (insertions, deletions, and splice mutations) were predicted to truncate cardiac myosin-binding protein C. The clinical expression of either missense or truncation mutations was similar to that observed for other genetic causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but the age at onset of the disease differed markedly. (nih.gov)
The clinical expression of mutations in the gene for cardiac myosin-binding protein C is often delayed until middle age or old age. (nih.gov)
Delayed expression of cardiac hypertrophy and a favorable clinical course may hinder recognition of the heritable nature of mutations in the cardiac myosin-binding protein C gene. (nih.gov)
Myosin is a major contractile protein which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. (nih.gov)
Myosin is a hexameric protein composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light chains. (nih.gov)
This gene is a member of the MYH family and encodes a protein with an IQ domain and a myosin head-like domain. (nih.gov)
The myosin-binding protein C, cardiac-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYBPC3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
cMyBP-C is a myosin-associated protein that binds at 43 nm intervals along the myosin thick filament backbone, stretching for 200 nm on either side of the M-line within the crossbridge-bearing zone (C-region) of the A band in striated muscle. (wikipedia.org)
In its dephosphorylated state, cMyBP-C binds predominantly to myosin S2 and brakes crossbridge formation, however, when phosphorylated in response to β-adrenergic stimulation through activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), it favours binding to actin, then accelerating crossbridge formation, enhancing force development and promoting relaxation. (wikipedia.org)
Type I collagen, synthesized in all tissues as the heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) polypeptides and one alpha2(I) polypeptide, is the most abundant protein in the human body. (fsu.edu)
The protein product of MYH16 is one of the heavy chain myosins, a kind of protein that works with actin to enable muscle fibers to contract. (johnhawks.net)
The protein is denoted as MyHC-M, for myosin heavy chain-masticatory. (johnhawks.net)
This condition is characterized by the formation of protein clumps, which contain a protein called myosin, within certain muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
The MYH7 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as the cardiac beta (β)-myosin heavy chain. (medlineplus.gov)
This protein is found in heart (cardiac) muscle and in type I skeletal muscle fibers, one of two types of fibers that make up the muscles that the body uses for movement. (medlineplus.gov)
The altered proteins accumulate in type I skeletal muscle fibers, forming the protein clumps characteristic of the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Effect of different drying methods on the myosin structure, amino acid composition, protein digestibility and volatile profile of squid fillets. (oregonstate.edu)
The impacts of freeze drying (FD), hot-air drying (AD), and heat pump drying (HPD) on myosin structure, amino acid composition, protein digestibility and volatile compounds of squid (Todarodes pacificus) fillets were evaluated. (oregonstate.edu)
We also examined a wide range of data sets to assess how gene and protein expression levels of these proteins are altered across many different cancer types. (nih.gov)
Blebbing, apoptotic body formation and protein release during early apoptosis are dependent on ROCK and myosin ATPase activity to drive actomyosin contraction. (nature.com)
The MYO7A gene provides instructions for making a protein called myosin VIIA, which is part of a group of proteins called unconventional myosins. (medlineplus.gov)
Myosins interact with actin, a protein that is important for cell movement and shape. (medlineplus.gov)
Most of the mutations that cause DFNA11 alter a single protein building block (amino acid) in myosin VIIA, resulting in an abnormal protein that does not work properly. (medlineplus.gov)
Many of these genetic changes alter a single protein building block (amino acid) in critical regions of the myosin VIIA protein. (medlineplus.gov)
In several instances, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and myocarditis, the autoimmune disease can be induced experimentally by administering self-antigen in the presence of adjuvant (col- lagen, myelin basic protein, and cardiac myosin, respec- tively) (3). (cdc.gov)
Thus, although myosin was originally thought to be restricted to muscle cells (hence myo- (s) + -in ), there is no single "myosin" but rather a huge superfamily of genes whose protein products share the basic properties of actin binding, ATP hydrolysis (ATPase enzyme activity), and force transduction. (wn.com)
Because the described cDNAs encode less than half of the protein predicted from immunoblots, we have cloned cDNAs encoding the rest of human myosin-VIIa. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Nonmuscle myosin II (NMM2) is an actin-based motor protein that plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, including smooth muscle contraction, cell migration, polarity formation, and cytokinesis. (reactome.org)
NMM2 consists of two myosin heavy chains encoded by MYH9, MYH10, MYH14 (NMHC-IIA, B and C) or MYH11, two copies of MYL6 essential light chain protein, and two regulatory light chains (MRLCs), MYL9 and MYL12B. (reactome.org)
1988). Kinases responsible for the phosphorylation include myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), ROCK kinase, citron kinase, myotonic dystrophy kinase-related CDC42-binding protein kinase, and Zipper-interacting protein (ZIP) kinase. (reactome.org)
In fact, myosin is the most highly acetylated protein found to date with 49 acetylated lysine residues 10 . (cytoskeleton.com)
Cytoskeleton: Definition, Functions and Types Contents Definition Functions Types Microtubule Intermediate filament Microfilament Cytoskeleton Definition Cytoskeleton is Intracellular network of protein filament present in cytoplasm. (microbiologynotes.org)
The myosin protein is well known for walking, but now it seems it also sleeps. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Myosin is a motor protein that helps muscles contract. (cosmosmagazine.com)
The myosin protein looks like a two-headed tadpole with a very long tail. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Mutations in the MYH7 gene cause myosin storage myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
Armel TZ, Leinwand LA. Mutations in the beta-myosin rod cause myosin storage myopathy via multiple mechanisms. (medlineplus.gov)
The mutations that cause DFNB2 alter the structure and function of myosin VIIA, but they probably do not eliminate the protein's function completely. (medlineplus.gov)
More than 200 mutations in the MYO7A gene have been identified in people with Usher syndrome type I, which is characterized by a combination of hearing loss, vision loss, and problems with balance and coordination. (medlineplus.gov)
Specifically, MYO7A gene mutations cause a form of the disorder known as Usher syndrome type IB (USH1B), which accounts for more than half of all cases of Usher syndrome type I. (medlineplus.gov)
Other mutations introduce a premature stop signal in the instructions for making myosin VIIA. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in myosin VIIa (MyoVIIa), an unconventional myosin, have been shown to cause Usher Syndrome Type 1B in humans. (duke.edu)
Thankfully, the incredible detail they described provides a good model for researching these types of mutations in other myosin-related diseases. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Research suggests that one function of myosin VIIA is to carry small sacs of pigment (called melanosomes) within the RPE. (medlineplus.gov)
The structure and function of myosin is strongly conserved across species, to the extent that rabbit muscle myosin II will bind to actin from an amoeba . (wn.com)

Note that the myosin activity in these assays are even lower than shown since direct actin-mediated hydrolysis of ATP likely accounts for a substantial portion of the ATPase of the unphosphorylated and mutant samples. (elifesciences.org)

2002). Divergence in species and regulatory role of beta -myosin heavy chain proximal promoter muscle-CAT elements. (missouri.edu)
2001). Multiprotein complex formation at the beta myosin heavy chain distal muscle CAT element correlates with slow muscle expression but not mechanical overload responsiveness. (missouri.edu)

Alpha and beta myosin isoforms and human atrial and ventricular contraction. (cam.ac.uk)
In recent years exploration of the properties of pure α- & β-myosin isoforms have been possible in solution, in isolated myocytes and myofibrils. (cam.ac.uk)
This allowed us consider what features of contraction can and cannot be ascribed to the myosin isoforms present in the atria and ventricles. (cam.ac.uk)
Virtually all eukaryotic cells contain myosin isoforms . (wn.com)
Some isoforms have specialized functions in certain cell types (such as muscle), while other isoforms are ubiquitous . (wn.com)
We have previously demonstrated that a layer of skeletal muscle cells in the EOMs demonstrate a longitudinal variation in their myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. (upenn.edu)

The top panel shows the myosin hexamer composed of two myosin heavy chains (green), two ELCs (light blue) and two RLCs (gray). (elifesciences.org)
May be a homodimer, which associates with multiple calmodulin or myosin light chains. (lu.se)

This type of adaptation is dependent on mechanoresponsive proteins that sense and respond to mechanical stress, as well as their regulators. (nih.gov)
Despite the altered expression patterns of key mechanobiome proteins across many different cancer types, pharmaceutical targeting of these proteins has been overlooked. (nih.gov)
Here, we review the biochemistry of key mechanoresponsive proteins, specifically nonmuscle myosin II, α-actinins, and filamins, as well as the partnering proteins 14-3-3 and CLP36. (nih.gov)
Myosin VIIA is also found in other parts of the retina, where it likely carries additional proteins and molecules that are important for vision. (medlineplus.gov)
Myosins ( / ˈ m aɪ ə s ᵻ n , - oʊ - / ) comprise a family of ATP -dependent motor proteins and are best known for their role in muscle contraction and their involvement in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes . (wn.com)
The giant spectrin ?V couples the molecular motors to phototransduction and Usher syndrome type I proteins along their trafficking route. (genscript.com)
During the initial infection, alpha-helical M proteins (M8 and M13) on the surface of the streptococcus bind type IV collagen in the host, and this interaction can trigger auto-antibody formation. (medscape.com)
Using a broad spectrum anti-acetyl antibody, the researchers determined that one of the acetylated proteins is myosin. (cytoskeleton.com)
Recently, Foster et al 10 reported that in an initial acetylome of porcine heart proteins, 240 proteins were modified on 994 lysine residues with myosin acetylated on many different lysine amino acids. (cytoskeleton.com)

Collectively, these observations suggest that guidance cues cause axon retraction through the coordinated activation of myosin II and the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles for myosin-II-based force generation. (biologists.com)

Identification of a novel pathogenic mutation of the MYH3 gene in a family with distal arthrogryposis type 2B. (nih.gov)
MYBPC3 was thus the fourth gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, following MYH7, encoding β-myosin heavy chain, TNNT2 and TPM1, encoding cardiac troponin T and α-tropomyosin, respectively, earmarking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a disease of the sarcomere. (wikipedia.org)
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
Molecular cloning and domain structure of human myosin-VIIa, the gene product defective in Usher syndrome 1B. (embl-heidelberg.de)
TEA domain-1 (TEAD1) transcription factor participates in both slow oxidative fiber type gene expression and plays a role in satellite cell biology. (missouri.edu)
2009). IGF-I activates the mouse type IIb myosin heavy chain gene. (missouri.edu)

Myosin storage myopathy is a condition that causes muscle weakness (myopathy) that does not worsen or worsens very slowly over time. (medlineplus.gov)
The signs and symptoms of myosin storage myopathy usually become noticeable in childhood, although they can occur later. (medlineplus.gov)
Myosin storage myopathy is a rare condition. (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear how these changes lead to muscle weakness in people with myosin storage myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
Tajsharghi H, Thornell LE, Lindberg C, Lindvall B, Henriksson KG, Oldfors A. Myosin storage myopathy associated with a heterozygous missense mutation in MYH7. (medlineplus.gov)

Myosin-VIIa is an unconventional myosin with relatively restricted expression. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Nonmuscle myosin-dependent synthesis of type I collagen. (fsu.edu)
Nonmuscle myosin copurifies with polysomes, and there is a subset of polysomes involved in myosin-dependent translation of collagen mRNAs. (fsu.edu)

Myosin II interacts with F-actin to generate contractile forces that result in axon retraction. (biologists.com)

A ) Domain organization of the myosin heavy chain and myosin fragments used to study the biochemical properties of myosin. (elifesciences.org)
The myosin motor domain, the light chain binding neck and the tail domain of the heavy chain are indicated. (elifesciences.org)
RLC and mutant RLC (19 kDa) and the ELC (16 kDa) bind in a 1:1 stoichiometry to the myosin heavy chain, indicating that mutant RLCs bind with a similar affinity as RLC-TS. (elifesciences.org)
Cardiac β-myosin heavy chain is the major component of the thick filament in muscle cell structures called sarcomeres . (medlineplus.gov)
Both young and old rats displayed an increase in developmental myosin heavy chain (MHCdev+) labeling in the exposed muscle, indicating muscle regeneration. (cdc.gov)

Notably, the ventricle expresses predominantly β-cardiac myosin while the atrium expresses mostly the α-isoform. (cam.ac.uk)
This allows us to consider the extent to which the atrial vs ventricular mechanical characteristics are defined by the myosin isoform expressed, and how the isoform properties are matched to their physiological roles. (cam.ac.uk)

In this study, we analyzed bile canaliculi dynamics, Rho kinase (ROCK)/myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) pathway implication, efflux inhibition of taurocholate [a predominant bile salt export pump (BSEP) substrate], and expression of the major canalicular and basolateral bile acid transporters. (aspetjournals.org)

In addition to myosin, cMyBP-C also binds titin and actin. (wikipedia.org)

I report that semaphorin 3A activates myosin II in growth cones and axons. (biologists.com)
The structure of myosin is known, but the actin-binding site is not well defined, and the mechanisms by which actin activates ATP hydrolysis by myosin, and myosin moves relative to the actin filament, developing force, are not fully understood. (embl.de)

Myosin VIIA is made in the inner ear and in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
In the inner ear, myosin VIIA plays a role in the development and maintenance of hairlike projections called stereocilia. (medlineplus.gov)
In the retina, myosin VIIA is found primarily in a thin layer of cells called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (medlineplus.gov)
Myosin VIIA probably plays a role in the development and maintenance of this tissue, which supports and nourishes the retina. (medlineplus.gov)
Domain present twice in myosin-VIIa, and also present in 3 other myosins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Defects in myosin-VIIa cause the shaker-1 phenotype in mice and Usher syndrome 1B in human, which are characterized by deafness, lack of vestibular function, and (in human) progressive retinal degeneration. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Following the discovery by Pollard and Korn (1973) of enzymes with myosin-like function in Acanthamoeba castellanii , a large number of divergent myosin genes have been discovered throughout eukaryotes. (wn.com)
To further validate the results pathway study was performed to identify the involvement of the coding genes in type II diabetes. (researchgate.net)

MYH2 (Myosin-2) is associated with muscle contraction and is required for cytoskeleton organization. (thermofisher.com)
The microtubule-based kinesin motors and actin-based myosin motors generate movements required for intracellular trafficking, cell division, and muscle contraction. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Muscle contraction consists of a cyclical interaction between myosin and actin. (embl.de)
A major interest of my lab is to better understand the mechanism(s) by which skeletal muscle fiber type composition is regulated. (missouri.edu)

According to Kaski, there have several innovations in HCM since the previous guidelines, such as when to consider cardiac myosin inhibitors for symptomatic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. (medscape.com)

Rattus norvegicus myosin X (Myo10), mRNA. (genscript.com)

We set out to analyse the positions of conserved residues within this domain in detail, and relate the conserved residues to the myosin structure. (embl.de)
Modified lysine residues occurred in the actin binding region as well as the coiled-coil tail and the hinge regions of myosin (see Fig. 1). (cytoskeleton.com)

Therefore, the effects of interactions between polyphenols and myosin after freezing on myosin gel and digestive properties were investigated using low field NMR, a texture analyzer, a dynamic rheometer, ultraviolet-visible spectra, scanning electron microscopy , LC-MS/MS, an automatic amino acid analyzer, etc. (bvsalud.org)

The approximate stoichiometry of cMyBP-C along the thick filament is 1 per 9-10 myosin molecules, or 37 cMyBP-C molecules per thick filament. (wikipedia.org)
This helps other molecules move the myosin around the cell for use later. (cosmosmagazine.com)

The importance of acetylation has recently been elevated by the utilization of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in pre-clinical research and the treatment of hypertrophic heart disease 6,7 , as well as the discovery of several critical acetylated forms of myosin amino acids that need to be modified in order for the sarcomere to function correctly 8,9 . (cytoskeleton.com)
These results indicate that HBVP, in an in vitro model of microvasculature, respond morphologically to vasoconstrictors, dilators, and myosin inhibitors. (lu.se)

In the past few years, this premise has been supported by genetic evidence that has shown that unconventional myosins are essential for the proper functioning of neurons, retina and the sensory cells of the inner ear. (embl.de)

The presence of ATP disassembles the actomyosin complex and myosin mostly remains in the supernatant. (elifesciences.org)

Purification and characterization of wild-type and mutant Drosophila myosin ( A ) PageBlue-stained 4-12% Bis-Tris gel showing recombinant HMM (160 kDa) and full-length (228 kDa) RLC-TS or RLC mutants. (elifesciences.org)

Biochemical and physiological evidence has suggested that myosins, both conventional and unconventional, are critical for neurosensory activities. (embl.de)
Given the prominence of myosin as a target for acetylation in cardiomyocytes, further biochemical and functional studies were undertaken. (cytoskeleton.com)

The MyTH4 domain is found in one or two copies associated with other domains, such as myosin head, kinesin motor, FERM, PH, SH3 and IQ. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The core of the myosin structure is similar in fold to that of kinesin. (embl.de)

Meanwhile, the four types of polyphenols under study significantly improved the gastric and gastrointestinal digestibility of myosin . (bvsalud.org)

cMyBP-C regulates the positioning of myosin and actin for interaction and acts as a tether to the myosin S1 heads, limiting their mobility. (wikipedia.org)
We postulate that LARP6/myosin-dependent mechanism regulates the synthesis of heterotrimeric type I collagen by coordinating the translation of collagen mRNAs. (fsu.edu)

Myosin-X is a molecular motor that functions in filopodia formation. (genscript.com)

The three types of muscles are striated (or skeletal), cardiac, and smooth (or nonstriated). (britannica.com)
Notably, a given muscles fiber-type composition is not static, but instead, fiber-type composition is remarkably adaptable (fastàslow-twitch fibers or slowàfast-twitch fibers) to a broad spectrum of stimuli that include altered weight-bearing (increase load bearing, zero gravity), endocrine factors, altitude, endurance & resistance training, and diet (high fat vs high carbohydrate). (missouri.edu)

Cellular myosin that appears to play a role in cytokinesis, cell shape, and specialized functions such as secretion and capping. (joplink.net)

Anatomy16

Organisms9

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science3

Filaments12

Protein38

Mutations8

Function of myosin2

ATPase1

Beta myosin heavy2

Isoforms6

Chains2

Proteins9

Activation of myosin1

Gene6

Storage myopathy5

Unconventional myosin1

Nonmuscle2

Interacts1

Heavy5

Isoform2

Inhibition1

Binds1

Activates2

VIIA6

Genes2

Muscle4

Ventricular1

Myo101

Residues2

Amino acid1

Molecules2

Inhibitors2

Retina1

Actomyosin1

Drosophila1

Biochemical2

Kinesin2

Digestibility1

Regulates2

Molecular1

Muscles2

Cytokinesis1